鸿蒙BLE蓝牙通信开发总结 原创 精华

 "reqPermissions": [
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.USE_BLUETOOTH"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.DISCOVER_BLUETOOTH"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.LOCATION",
        "reason": "$string:permreason_location",
        "usedScene": {
          "ability": [
            ".MainAbility"
          ],
          "when": "inuse"
        }
      }
    ],
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 private final String PERMISSION_LOCATION = "ohos.permission.LOCATION";
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());
        // 判断权限是否已授予
        if (verifySelfPermission(PERMISSION_LOCATION) != IBundleManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            // 应用未被授权
            if (canRequestPermission(PERMISSION_LOCATION)) {
                // 是否可以申请弹窗授权
                requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{PERMISSION_LOCATION}, 0);
            } else {
                // 显示应用需要权限的理由，提示用户进入设置授权
                new ToastDialog(getContext()).setText("请进入系统设置进行授权").show();
            }
        }
    }
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BluetoothHost bluetoothHost = BluetoothHost.getDefaultHost(this);
if (bluetoothHost.getBtState() != BluetoothHost.STATE_ON) {
        bluetoothHost.enableBt();
   }
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BlePeripheralDevice mPeripheralDevice = null;
 /** 
     * 实现中心设备管理回调
     */
    public class MyBleCentralManagerCallback implements BleCentralManagerCallback {
        /**
         * 扫码结果回调
         * @param bleScanResult  扫码结果
         */
        @Override
        public void scanResultEvent(BleScanResult bleScanResult) {
            // 根据扫码结果获取外围设备实例
             mPeripheralDevice = bleScanResult.getPeripheralDevice();
        }

        /**
         * 扫描失败回调
         * @param i
         */
        @Override
        public void scanFailedEvent(int i) {
            
        }

        /**
         * 组扫描成功回调
         * @param list 组信息
         */
        @Override
        public void groupScanResultsEvent(List<BleScanResult> list) {
        }
    }
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MyBleCentralManagerCallback myCentralManagerCallback = new MyBleCentralManagerCallback();
BleCentralManager mCentralManager = new BleCentralManager(this, myCentralManagerCallback);
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// 开始扫描（过滤器指定的）设备
BleScanFilter bleScanFilter = new BleScanFilter();
bleScanFilter.setPeripheralAddress("E2:XX:XX:XX:XX:EB");// 替换你需要过滤的MAC
mFilters.add(bleScanFilter);
mCentralManager.startScan(mFilters);
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/**
 * 实现外围设备操作回调
 * 中心设备作为GattService的客户端
 */
  private class MyBlePeripheralCallback extends BlePeripheralCallback {
    // TODO 回调接口实现包括：connectionStateChangeEvent、servicesDiscoveredEvent、characteristicChangedEvent等
   }
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 /**
     * 连接状态变更
     * 连接成功后可以在中心设备上（客户端）发现GattService
     * @param connectionState
     */
        @Override
        public void connectionStateChangeEvent(int connectionState) {
            super.connectionStateChangeEvent(connectionState);
            HiLog.info(label, "connectionState:" + connectionState);
            if (connectionState == ProfileBase.STATE_CONNECTED && !isConnected) {
                isConnected = true;
                mPeripheralDevice.discoverServices();// 与外围设备连接成功，发现GattService
                setText(mTvStatus, "连接状态：已连接");
            } else if (connectionState == ProfileBase.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                // 断开连接
                setText(mTvStatus, "连接状态：未连接");
            }
        }
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 /**
   * 在中心设备上发现服务（GattService外围设备）的回调
   * @param status 状态
  */
   @Override
   public void servicesDiscoveredEvent(int status) { // 外围设备服务发生更新触发的回调。
       if (status == BlePeripheralDevice.OPERATION_SUCC) {
           HiLog.info(label, "servicesDiscoveredEvent OPERATION_SUCC");
           List<GattService> services = mPeripheralDevice.getServices(); // 获取Service成功后获服务列表
           for (GattService service : services) {
               // 对每个服务进行相应操作
               if (service.getUuid().equals(UUID.fromString(Constant.SERVICE_UUID))) {
                  HiLog.info(label, "servicesDiscoveredEvent 找到服务")；
                  mPeripheralDevice.setNotifyCharacteristic
                     (service.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(Constant.NOTIFY_CHARACTER_UUID)).get(), true);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
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/**
   * 特性变更的回调
   * 接受外围设备发送的数据
   * @param characteristic
  */
  @Override
   public void characteristicChangedEvent(GattCharacteristic characteristic) {
     super.characteristicChangedEvent(characteristic);
     // 更新外围设备发送的数据
     String msg = new String(characteristic.getValue());
      HiLog.info(label, "characteristicChangedEvent msg=" + msg);
       setText(mTvData, msg);
 }
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MyBlePeripheralCallback mPeripheralCallback = new MyBlePeripheralCallback();
mPeripheralDevice.connect(false, mPeripheralCallback);
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public static final String PERIPHERAL_ADDRESS = "E2:XX:XX:XX:XX:EB";// 蓝牙MAC
public static final String SERVICE_UUID = "6eXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-e50e24dcca9e";// 蓝牙的服务编号
public static final String NOTIFY_CHARACTER_UUID = "6eXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-e50e24dcca9e";// 蓝牙特性通知属性的编号
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package xxx;

import com.nlscan.bluetoothassistant.ResourceTable;
import com.nlscan.bluetoothassistant.common.Constant;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.*;
import ohos.agp.utils.LayoutAlignment;
import ohos.agp.window.dialog.ToastDialog;
import ohos.agp.window.service.WindowManager;
import ohos.bluetooth.ProfileBase;
import ohos.bluetooth.ble.*;
import ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLog;
import ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLogLabel;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements Component.ClickedListener{
    private static final HiLogLabel label = new HiLogLabel(HiLog.LOG_APP, 0x00201, "BleCentralAbilitySlice");
    public BlePeripheralDevice mPeripheralDevice;// 外围设备实例
    public GattCharacteristic mWriteCharacteristic;
    private MyBlePeripheralCallback mPeripheralCallback;// 外围设备操作回调
    private MyBleCentralManagerCallback myCentralManagerCallback;// 中心设备管理器回调
    private BleCentralManager mCentralManager;// 中心设备管理器
    private List<BleScanFilter> mFilters;// 扫描过滤器
    public boolean isConnected = false;// 是否已连接
    private boolean isScanning = false;// 是否正在扫描

    // 容器
    private Text mTvStatus;// 状态
    private Text mTvData;// 数据
    private Text mTvDevice;// 设备
    private Button mBtnScan;// 扫描
    private Button mBtnConnect;// 连接
    private Button mBtnSend;// 发送
    private TextField mTfInput;// 内容输入框
    private Text mTvName;// 设备名称
    private Image mIvBle;// 蓝牙图标

    @Override
    protected void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        // 隐藏状态栏、设置状态栏和导航栏透明
        getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutConfig.MARK_FULL_SCREEN|
                WindowManager.LayoutConfig.MARK_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS|
                WindowManager.LayoutConfig.MARK_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION);
        initData();
        initComponent();
        initListener();
    }

    private void initData() {
        mPeripheralCallback = new MyBlePeripheralCallback();
        myCentralManagerCallback = new MyBleCentralManagerCallback();
        mCentralManager = new BleCentralManager(this, myCentralManagerCallback);
        mFilters = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    private void initComponent() {
        mTvDevice = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_device_info);
        mBtnScan = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_scan);
        mTvStatus = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_status);
        mBtnConnect = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_connect);
        mTvData = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_data);
        mBtnSend = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_send);
        mTfInput = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_input);
        mTvName = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_device_name);
        mIvBle =  (Image) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_ble_image);
    }

    private void initListener() {
        mBtnScan.setClickedListener(this);
        mBtnConnect.setClickedListener(this);
        mBtnSend.setClickedListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(Component component) {
        int viewId = component.getId();
        if (viewId == ResourceTable.Id_scan) {
            // 处理扫描
            disposeScan();
        } else if (viewId == ResourceTable.Id_connect) {
            // 处理连接
            disposeConnect();
        } else if (viewId == ResourceTable.Id_send) {
            // 向外围设备发送消息
            disposeSend();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 处理扫描
     */
    private void disposeScan() {
        if (!isScanning) {
            isScanning = true;
            mBtnScan.setText("停止扫描");
            mTvDevice.setText("设备mac：正在扫描...");
            mTvName.setText("设备名称：暂无设备");
            // 开始扫描（过滤器指定的）设备
            BleScanFilter bleScanFilter = new BleScanFilter();
            bleScanFilter.setPeripheralAddress(Constant.PERIPHERAL_ADDRESS);
            mFilters.add(bleScanFilter);
            mCentralManager.startScan(mFilters);
        } else {
            isScanning = false;
            mBtnScan.setText("开始扫描");
            // 停止扫描
            mCentralManager.stopScan();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 处理连接
     */
    private void disposeConnect() {
        if (mPeripheralDevice == null) {
            // 外围设备对象未连接
            mTvStatus.setText("连接状态：请先扫描获取设备信息");
            return;
        }
        if (!isConnected) {
            mBtnConnect.setText("断开连接");
            mTvStatus.setText("连接状态：连接中...");
            // 发起连接
            mPeripheralDevice.connect(false, mPeripheralCallback);
        } else {
            isConnected = false;
            mBtnConnect.setText("连接设备");
            mTvStatus.setText("连接状态：未连接");
            mTvDevice.setText("设备mac：暂无设备");
            mTvName.setText("设备名称：暂无设备");
            setBleImage();
            // 发起断开连接
            mPeripheralDevice.disconnect();
            mPeripheralDevice = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 处理向外围设备发送消息
     */
    private void disposeSend() {
        String msg = mTfInput.getText().toString();
        if (msg.isEmpty() || mPeripheralDevice == null || !isConnected) {
            return;
        }
        // 向外围设备发送用户输入的数据
        mWriteCharacteristic.setValue(msg.getBytes());
        boolean result = mPeripheralDevice.writeCharacteristic(mWriteCharacteristic);
        HiLog.info(label, "发送内容：" + msg + "发送结果：" + result);
        String sendResult = result ? "发送成功": "发送失败";
        showToast(sendResult);
    }

    /**
     * 实现外围设备操作回调
     * 中心设备作为GattService的客户端
     */
    private class MyBlePeripheralCallback extends BlePeripheralCallback {
        /**
         * 在中心设备上发现服务（GattService外围设备）的回调
         * @param status 状态
         */
        @Override
        public void servicesDiscoveredEvent(int status) { // 外围设备服务发生更新触发的回调。
            if (status == BlePeripheralDevice.OPERATION_SUCC) {
                HiLog.info(label, "servicesDiscoveredEvent OPERATION_SUCC");
                List<GattService> services = mPeripheralDevice.getServices(); // 获取Service成功后获服务列表
                for (GattService service : services) {
                    // 对每个服务进行相应操作
                    if (service.getUuid().equals(UUID.fromString(Constant.SERVICE_UUID))) {
                        HiLog.info(label, "servicesDiscoveredEvent 找到服务");
                        mPeripheralDevice.setNotifyCharacteristic(service.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(Constant.NOTIFY_CHARACTER_UUID)).get(), true);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * 连接状态变更
         * 连接成功后可以在中心设备上（客户端）发现GattService
         * @param connectionState
         */
        @Override
        public void connectionStateChangeEvent(int connectionState) {
            super.connectionStateChangeEvent(connectionState);
            HiLog.info(label, "connectionState:" + connectionState);
            if (connectionState == ProfileBase.STATE_CONNECTED && !isConnected) {
                isConnected = true;
                mPeripheralDevice.discoverServices();// 与外围设备连接成功，发现GattService
                setText(mTvStatus, "连接状态：已连接");
            } else if (connectionState == ProfileBase.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                // 断开连接
                setText(mTvStatus, "连接状态：未连接");
            }
        }

        /**
         * 特性变更的回调
         * 接受外围设备发送的数据
         * @param characteristic
         */
        @Override
        public void characteristicChangedEvent(GattCharacteristic characteristic) {
            super.characteristicChangedEvent(characteristic);
            // 更新外围设备发送的数据
            String msg = new String(characteristic.getValue());
            HiLog.info(label, "characteristicChangedEvent msg=" + msg);
            setText(mTvData, msg);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 实现中心设备管理回调
     */
    public class MyBleCentralManagerCallback implements BleCentralManagerCallback{
        /**
         * 扫码结果回调
         * @param bleScanResult  扫码结果
         */
        @Override
        public void scanResultEvent(BleScanResult bleScanResult) {
            // 根据扫码结果获取外围设备实例
            if (mPeripheralDevice == null) {
                String deviceAddr = bleScanResult.getPeripheralDevice().getDeviceAddr();
                String deviceName = bleScanResult.getPeripheralDevice().getDeviceName().get();
                HiLog.info(label, "设备mac：" + deviceAddr);
                if (Constant.PERIPHERAL_ADDRESS.equals(deviceAddr)) {
                    mPeripheralDevice = bleScanResult.getPeripheralDevice();
                    setText(mTvDevice, "设备mac：" + deviceAddr);
                    setText(mTvName, "设备名称:" + deviceName);
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * 扫描失败回调
         * @param i
         */
        @Override
        public void scanFailedEvent(int i) {
            setText(mTvDevice, "设备mac：扫描失败，请重新扫描");
            setText(mTvName, "设备名称:暂无设备");
        }

        /**
         * 组扫描成功回调
         * @param list 组信息
         */
        @Override
        public void groupScanResultsEvent(List<BleScanResult> list) {
        }
    }


    /**
     * 设置Text的内容
     * @param text 容器
     * @param content 内容
     */
    private void setText(Text text, final String content) {
        getUITaskDispatcher().syncDispatch(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                text.setText(content);
            }
        });
    }

    private void showToast(String msg) {
        ToastDialog toastDialog = new ToastDialog(this);
        toastDialog.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.CENTER).setText(msg).show();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        if (mPeripheralDevice != null) {
            mPeripheralDevice.disconnect();
            mPeripheralDevice = null;
        }
    }

    private void setBleImage() {
        if (isConnected) {
            mIvBle.setPixelMap(ResourceTable.Media_icon_ble_ling);
        } else {
            mIvBle.setPixelMap(ResourceTable.Media_icon_ble_black);
        }
    }
}

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