Oracle ADG 数据库搭建 RAC to Single 详细教程

作者 |Lucifer
来源 | Lucifer三思而后行(ID：Lucifer-940622)

前言

经过交流群中朋友的多次要求，这次给大家分享一下 RAC to Single 的 ADG 搭建教程!

一、环境准备

老规矩，测试环境实战演示：

备库luciferdg10.211.55.11011.2.0.4orcl

📢 以下几点需要注意：

• db_unique_name 主备库不能相同
• db_name主备库需保持一致
• 主备库DB版本需保持一致

二、搭建过程

1、Oracle软件安装

使用我写的 Oracle 一键安装脚本，快速安装主库 RAC 和备库单机。

cd ../racdb
vagrant up
vagrant ssh node1
su - root
cd /soft
sh rac_install.sh

简单等待一段时间，Oracle RAC 就安装成功了!

2、环境配置

搭建 ADG 之前，需要先配置一下环境信息，包括主机名解析以及 TNS。

1、配置 hosts 文件

主库：

##节点一
#dg
cat<<EOF>>/etc/hosts
10.211.55.110 luciferdg
EOF
##节点二
#dg
cat<<EOF>>/etc/hosts
10.211.55.110 luciferdg
EOF

备库：

##dg
cat<<EOF>>/etc/hosts
10.211.55.100 lucifer01
10.211.55.101 lucifer02
10.211.55.105 lucifer-scan
EOF

2、配置 TNS

主库+备库，在 root 用户下执行：

##tnsnames.ora
su - oracle -c "cat <<EOF >> /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
##FOR DG BEGIN
ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lucifer-scan)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

ORCL1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lucifer01)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

ORCL2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lucifer02)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
ORCLDG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = luciferdg)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
##FOR DG BEGIN
EOF"

3、主库开启归档和强制日志

开启归档模式(需要停机)：

srvctl stop database -d orcl -o immediate
srvctl start instance -d orcl -i orcl1 -o mount
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
srvctl start instance -d orcl -i oorcl2

开启强制日志模式(可在线开启)：

alter database force logging;

4、复制参数文件和密码文件至备库

复制参数文件至备库(备库执行)，要在 oracle 用户下复制：

su - oracle
scp oracle@lucifer01:/tmp/initorcldg.ora /tmp

备库创建目录：

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
su - oracle -c "mkdir -p /oradata/orcl/datafile"
su - oracle -c "mkdir -p /oradata/orcl/onlinelog"
su - oracle -c "mkdir -p /oradata/orcl/tempfile"
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

备库修改参数文件：

*._optimizer_cartesian_enabled=FALSE
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='NONE'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.control_files='/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_create_file_dest='/oradata/orcl'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5501878272
*.deferred_segment_creation=FALSE
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.event='10949 trace name context forever:28401 trace name context forever,level 1:10849 trace name context forever, level 1:19823 trace name context forever, level 90'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=196083712
*.processes=150
*.result_cache_max_size=0
*.sga_target=784334848
*.db_unique_name='orcldg'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(ORCLDG,ORCL)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=ORCLDG'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=ORCL'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.fal_server='ORCL'
*.fal_client='ORCLDG'
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA','/oradata'
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA','/oradata'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

复制密码文件至备库(备库执行)，要在 oracle 用户下复制：

su - oracle
scp oracle@lucifer01:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapworcl1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapworcl

5、主库添加 stanby log 文件

set pagesize100
set line222
col member for a60
select * from v$logfile;
select * from v$log;

📢 注意：

• stanby log 日志大小与 redo log 日志保持一致
• stanby log 数量：standby logfile=(1+logfile组数)*thread=(1+3)*1=4 组,需要加 4 组 standby logfile
• thread 要与 redo log 保持一致，如果是 rac，需要增加多个 thread 对应的 standby log

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE thread 1 
group 5 ('+DATA') SIZE 120M,
group 6 ('+DATA') SIZE 120M,
group 7 ('+DATA') SIZE 120M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE thread 2
group 8 ('+DATA') SIZE 120M,
group 9 ('+DATA') SIZE 120M,
group 10 ('+DATA') SIZE 120M;
select * from v$standby_log;

6、备库开启到 nomount 状态

tartup nomount pfile='/tmp/initorcldg.ora';

3、RMAN DUPLICATE

rman 恢复备库：

rman target sys/oracle@orcl1 AUXILIARY sys/oracle@orcldg
run {
allocate channel prmy1 type disk;
allocate channel prmy2 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel aux1 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel aux2 type disk;
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY FROM ACTIVE DATABASE DORECOVER NOFILENAMECHECK;
}

主库设置 ADG 参数：

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(ORCL,ORCLDG)';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=+DATA VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCL';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcldg LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCLDG';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc' SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4;
ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER=ORCLDG;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT=ORCL;
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata','+DATA' SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata','+DATA'  SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO;

4、备库开启日志应用

-- 首先开启备库至只读状态
alter database open read only;
-- 开启主备同步进程
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
-- 检查备库角色
select database_role,open_mode from v$database;
   
DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY
-- 检查保护模式，最大性能
SQL> SELECT protection_mode FROM v$database;
 
PROTECTION_MODE
--------------------
MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

5、主库开启 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2

确认主备之前没有问题，主库开启同步：

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE;

写在最后

ADG 的搭建过程比较简单，有很多朋友经常问，单机到单机，RAC 到单机，RAC到RAC的教程。其实，这几种搭建方式差别不大，只需要修改一些参数即可!