Shardingsphere整合Atomikos对XA分布式事务的支持(2)

alan_ham
发布于 2022-11-2 10:37
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Apache ShardingSphere 是一套开源的分布式数据库中间件解决方案组成的生态圈,它由 JDBC、Proxy 和 Sidecar(规划中)这 3 款相互独立,却又能够混合部署配合使用的产品组成。它们均提供标准化的数据分片、分布式事务和数据库治理功能,可适用于如 Java 同构、异构语言、云原生等各种多样化的应用场景。


ShardingSphere 已于2020年4月16日成为 Apache 软件基金会的顶级项目。


咱们话不多,接上篇,我们直接进入正题。

Atomikos简单介绍

Atomikos(https://www.atomikos.com/),其实是一家公司的名字,提供了基于​​JTA规范的XA分布式事务TM的实现​​。其旗下最著名的产品就是事务管理器。产品分两个版本:


  • TransactionEssentials:开源的免费产品;


  • ExtremeTransactions:上商业版,需要收费。


这两个产品的关系如下图所示:

Shardingsphere整合Atomikos对XA分布式事务的支持(2)-鸿蒙开发者社区


ExtremeTransactions在TransactionEssentials的基础上额外提供了以下功能(重要的):


  • 支持TCC:这是一种柔性事务


  • 支持通过RMI、IIOP、SOAP这些远程过程调用技术,进行事务传播。


  • 事务日志云存储,云端对事务进行恢复,并且提供了完善的管理后台。

org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.xa.XAShardingTransactionManager详解

我们简单的来回顾下​​org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.spiShardingTransactionManager​

public interface ShardingTransactionManager extends AutoCloseable {

    /**
     * Initialize sharding transaction manager.
     *
     * @param databaseType database type
     * @param resourceDataSources resource data sources
     */
    void init(DatabaseType databaseType, Collection<ResourceDataSource> resourceDataSources);

    /**
     * Get transaction type.
     *
     * @return transaction type
     */
    TransactionType getTransactionType();

    /**
     * Judge is in transaction or not.
     * 
     * @return in transaction or not
     */
    boolean isInTransaction();

    /**
     * Get transactional connection.
     *
     * @param dataSourceName data source name
     * @return connection
     * @throws SQLException SQL exception
     */
    Connection getConnection(String dataSourceName) throws;

    /**
     * Begin transaction.
     */
    void begin();

    /**
     * Commit transaction.
     */
    void commit();

    /**
     * Rollback transaction.
     */
    void rollback();
}

我们重点县关注​​init​​方法,从它的命名,你就应该能够看出来,这是整个框架的初始化方法,让我们来看看它是如何进行初始化的。

 private final Map<String, XATransactionDataSource> cachedDataSources = new HashMap<>();

 private final XATransactionManager xaTransactionManager = XATransactionManagerLoader.getInstance().getTransactionManager();

    @Override
    public void init(final DatabaseType databaseType, final Collection<ResourceDataSource> resourceDataSources) {
        for (ResourceDataSource each : resourceDataSources) {
            cachedDataSources.put(each.getOriginalName(), new XATransactionDataSource(databaseType, each.getUniqueResourceName(), each.getDataSource(), xaTransactionManager));
        }
        xaTransactionManager.init();
    }
  • 首先SPI的方式加载XATransactionManager的具体实现类,这里返回的就是​​org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.xa.atomikos.manager.AtomikosTransactionManager​​。


  • 我们在关注下​​new XATransactionDataSource()​​​ , 进入​​org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.xa.jta.datasource。XATransactionDataSource​​类的构造方法。


public XATransactionDataSource(final DatabaseType databaseType, final String resourceName, final DataSource dataSource, final XATransactionManager xaTransactionManager) {
        this.databaseType = databaseType;
        this.resourceName = resourceName;
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
        if (!CONTAINER_DATASOURCE_NAMES.contains(dataSource.getClass().getSimpleName())) {
            // 重点关注 1 ,返回了xaDatasource
            xaDataSource = XADataSourceFactory.build(databaseType, dataSource);
            this.xaTransactionManager = xaTransactionManager;
            // 重点关注2 注册资源
            xaTransactionManager.registerRecoveryResource(resourceName, xaDataSource);
        }
    }
  • 我们重点来关注​​XADataSourceFactory.build(databaseType, dataSource)​​​,从名字我们就可以看出,这应该是返回​​JTA规范里面的XADataSourc​​,在ShardingSphere里面很多的功能,可以从代码风格的命名上就能猜出来,这就是优雅代码(吹一波)。不多逼逼,我们进入该方法。

public final class XADataSourceFactory {

    public static XADataSource build(final DatabaseType databaseType, final DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceSwapper(XADataSourceDefinitionFactory.getXADataSourceDefinition(databaseType)).swap(dataSource);
    }
}
  • 首先又是一个SPI定义的​​XADataSourceDefinitionFactory​​​,它根据不同的数据库类型,来加载不同的方言。然后我们进入​​swap​​方法。

 public XADataSource swap(final DataSource dataSource) {
        XADataSource result = createXADataSource();
        setProperties(result, getDatabaseAccessConfiguration(dataSource));
        return result;
    }
  • 很简明,第一步创建,​​XADataSource​​,第二步给它设置属性(包含数据的连接,用户名密码等),然后返回。


  • 返回​​XATransactionDataSource​​​ 类,关注​​xaTransactionManager.registerRecoveryResource(resourceName, xaDataSource);​​ 从名字可以看出,这是注册事务恢复资源。这个我们在事务恢复的时候详解。


  • 返回​​XAShardingTransactionManager.init()​​​ ,我们重点来关注:
    ​​​xaTransactionManager.init();​​​,最后进入​​AtomikosTransactionManager.init()​

public final class AtomikosTransactionManager implements XATransactionManager {

    private final UserTransactionManager transactionManager = new UserTransactionManager();

    private final UserTransactionService userTransactionService = new UserTransactionServiceImp();

    @Override
    public void init() {
        userTransactionService.init();
    }

}
  • 进入​​UserTransactionServiceImp.init()​

private void initialize() {
       //添加恢复资源 不用关心
        for (RecoverableResource resource : resources_) {
            Configuration.addResource ( resource );
        }
        for (LogAdministrator logAdministrator : logAdministrators_) {
            Configuration.addLogAdministrator ( logAdministrator );
        }
         //注册插件 不用关心
        for (TransactionServicePlugin nxt : tsListeners_) {
            Configuration.registerTransactionServicePlugin ( nxt );
        }
        //获取配置属性 重点关心
        ConfigProperties configProps = Configuration.getConfigProperties();
        configProps.applyUserSpecificProperties(properties_);
        //进行初始化
        Configuration.init();
    }
  • 我们重点关注,获取配置属性。最后进入​​com.atomikos.icatch.provider.imp.AssemblerImp.initializeProperties()​​方法

    @Override
    public ConfigProperties initializeProperties() {
         //读取classpath下的默认配置transactions-defaults.properties
        Properties defaults = new Properties();
        loadPropertiesFromClasspath(defaults, DEFAULT_PROPERTIES_FILE_NAME);
        //读取classpath下,transactions.properties配置,覆盖transactions-defaults.properties中相同key的值
        Properties transactionsProperties = new Properties(defaults);
        loadPropertiesFromClasspath(transactionsProperties, TRANSACTIONS_PROPERTIES_FILE_NAME);
        //读取classpath下,jta.properties,覆盖transactions-defaults.properties、transactions.properties中相同key的值
        Properties jtaProperties = new Properties(transactionsProperties);
        loadPropertiesFromClasspath(jtaProperties, JTA_PROPERTIES_FILE_NAME);

        //读取通过java -Dcom.atomikos.icatch.file方式指定的自定义配置文件路径,覆盖之前的同名配置
        Properties customProperties = new Properties(jtaProperties);
        loadPropertiesFromCustomFilePath(customProperties);
        //最终构造一个ConfigProperties对象,来表示实际要使用的配置
        Properties finalProperties = new Properties(customProperties);
        return new ConfigProperties(finalProperties);
    }
  • 接下来重点关注,​​Configuration.init()​​, 进行初始化。

ublic static synchronized boolean init() {
        boolean startupInitiated = false;
        if (service_ == null) {
            startupInitiated = true;
           //SPI方式加载插件注册,无需过多关心  
            addAllTransactionServicePluginServicesFromClasspath();
            ConfigProperties configProperties = getConfigProperties();
          //调用插件的beforeInit方法进行初始化话,无需过多关心
            notifyBeforeInit(configProperties);
          //进行事务日志恢复的初始化,很重要,接下来详解
            assembleSystemComponents(configProperties);
         //进入系统注解的初始化,一般重要
            initializeSystemComponents(configProperties);
            notifyAfterInit();
            if (configProperties.getForceShutdownOnVmExit()) {
                addShutdownHook(new ForceShutdownHook());
            }
        }
        return startupInitiated;
    }
  • 我们先来关注​​assembleSystemComponents(configProperties);​​​ 进入它,进入​​com.atomikos.icatch.provider.imp.AssemblerImp.assembleTransactionService()​​方法:

@Override
    public TransactionServiceProvider assembleTransactionService(
            ConfigProperties configProperties) {
        RecoveryLog recoveryLog =null;
       //打印日志
        logProperties(configProperties.getCompletedProperties());
       //生成唯一名字
        String tmUniqueName = configProperties.getTmUniqueName();

        long maxTimeout = configProperties.getMaxTimeout();
        int maxActives = configProperties.getMaxActives();
        boolean threaded2pc = configProperties.getThreaded2pc();
      //SPI方式加载OltpLog ,这是最重要的扩展地方,如果用户没有SPI的方式去扩展那么就为null    
        OltpLog oltpLog = createOltpLogFromClasspath();
        if (oltpLog == null) {
            LOGGER.logInfo("Using default (local) logging and recovery..."); 
                        //创建事务日志存储资源
            Repository repository = createRepository(configProperties);     
            oltpLog = createOltpLog(repository);
            //??? Assemble recoveryLog
            recoveryLog = createRecoveryLog(repository);            
        }
        StateRecoveryManagerImp recoveryManager = new StateRecoveryManagerImp();
        recoveryManager.setOltpLog(oltpLog);
           //生成唯一id生成器,以后生成XID会用的到
        UniqueIdMgr idMgr = new UniqueIdMgr ( tmUniqueName );
        int overflow = idMgr.getMaxIdLengthInBytes() - MAX_TID_LENGTH;
        if ( overflow > 0 ) {
            // see case 73086
            String msg = "Value too long : " + tmUniqueName;
            LOGGER.logFatal ( msg );
            throw new SysException(msg);
        }
        return new TransactionServiceImp(tmUniqueName, recoveryManager, idMgr, maxTimeout, maxActives, !threaded2pc, recoveryLog);
    }
  • 我们重点来分析​​createOltpLogFromClasspath()​​​, 采用SPI的加载方式来获取,默认这里会返回​​null​​​, 什么意思呢?
    就是当没有扩展的时候,atomikos,会创建框架自定义的资源,来存储事务日志。

private OltpLog createOltpLogFromClasspath() {
        OltpLog ret = null;
        ServiceLoader<OltpLogFactory> loader = ServiceLoader.load(OltpLogFactory.class,Configuration.class.getClassLoader());
        int i = 0;
        for (OltpLogFactory l : loader ) {
            ret = l.createOltpLog();
            i++;
        }
        if (i > 1) {
            String msg = "More than one OltpLogFactory found in classpath - error in configuration!";
            LOGGER.logFatal(msg);
            throw new SysException(msg);
        }
        return ret;
    }
  • 我们跟着进入​​Repository repository = createRepository(configProperties);​

    private CachedRepository createCoordinatorLogEntryRepository(
            ConfigProperties configProperties) throws{
        //创建内存资源存储
        InMemoryRepository inMemoryCoordinatorLogEntryRepository = new InMemoryRepository();
       //进行初始化
        inMemoryCoordinatorLogEntryRepository.init();
       //创建使用文件存储资源作为backup
        FileSystemRepository backupCoordinatorLogEntryRepository = new FileSystemRepository();
       //进行初始化
        backupCoordinatorLogEntryRepository.init();
      //内存与file资源进行合并
        CachedRepository repository = new CachedRepository(inMemoryCoordinatorLogEntryRepository, backupCoordinatorLogEntryRepository);
        repository.init();
        return repository;
    }
  • 这里就会创建出​​CachedRepository​​​,里面包含了​​InMemoryRepository​​​ 与​​FileSystemRepository​


  • 回到主线​​com.atomikos.icatch.config.Configuration.init()​​​, 最后来分析下​​notifyAfterInit();​

    private static void notifyAfterInit() {
         //进行插件的初始化
        for (TransactionServicePlugin p : tsListenersList_) {
            p.afterInit();
        }
        for (LogAdministrator a : logAdministrators_) {
            a.registerLogControl(service_.getLogControl());
        }
         //设置事务恢复服务,进行事务的恢复
        for (RecoverableResource r : resourceList_ ) {
            r.setRecoveryService(recoveryService_);
        }

    }
  • 插件的初始化会进入​​com.atomikos.icatch.jta.JtaTransactionServicePlugin.afterInit()​

    public void afterInit() {
        TransactionManagerImp.installTransactionManager(Configuration.getCompositeTransactionManager(), autoRegisterResources);
          //如果我们自定义扩展了 OltpLog ,这里就会返回null,如果是null,那么XaResourceRecoveryManager就是null
        RecoveryLog recoveryLog = Configuration.getRecoveryLog();
        long maxTimeout = Configuration.getConfigProperties().getMaxTimeout();
        if (recoveryLog != null) {
            XaResourceRecoveryManager.installXaResourceRecoveryManager(new DefaultXaRecoveryLog(recoveryLog, maxTimeout),Configuration.getConfigProperties().getTmUniqueName());
        }

    }
  • 重点注意​​RecoveryLog recoveryLog = Configuration.getRecoveryLog();​​​ ,如果用户采用​​SPI的方式​​​,扩展了​​com.atomikos.recovery.OltpLog​​​ ,​​这里就会返回 null​​​。如果是null,则不会对​​XaResourceRecoveryManager​​ 进行初始化。


  • 回到​​notifyAfterInit()​​​, 我们来分析​​setRecoveryService​​。

public void setRecoveryService ( RecoveryService recoveryService )
            throws ResourceException
    {

        if ( recoveryService != null ) {
            if ( LOGGER.isTraceEnabled() ) LOGGER.logTrace ( "Installing recovery service on resource "
                    + getName () );
            this.branchIdentifier=recoveryService.getName();
            recover();
        }
    }
  • 我们进入​​recover()​​ 方法:

 public void recover() {
        XaResourceRecoveryManager xaResourceRecoveryManager = XaResourceRecoveryManager.getInstance();
        //null for LogCloud recovery
        if (xaResourceRecoveryManager != null) { 
            try {
                xaResourceRecoveryManager.recover(getXAResource());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                refreshXAResource(); //cf case 156968
            }

        }
    }
  • 看到最关键的注释了吗,如果用户采用​​SPI的方式​​​,扩展了​​com.atomikos.recovery.OltpLog​​​,那么​​XaResourceRecoveryManager​​ 为null,则就会进行云端恢复,反之则进行事务恢复。事务恢复很复杂,我们会单独来讲。


到这里atomikos的基本的初始化已经完成。

atomikos事务begin流程

我们知道,本地的事务,都会有一个 ​​trainsaction.begin​​​, 对应XA分布式事务来说也不另外,我们再把思路切换回​​XAShardingTransactionManager.begin()​​​, 会调用​​com.atomikos.icatch.jta.TransactionManagerImp.begin()​

  public void begin ( int timeout ) throws NotSupportedException,
            SystemException
    {
        CompositeTransaction ct = null;
        ResumePreviousTransactionSubTxAwareParticipant resumeParticipant = null;

        ct = compositeTransactionManager.getCompositeTransaction();
        if ( ct != null && ct.getProperty (  JTA_PROPERTY_NAME ) == null ) {
            LOGGER.logWarning ( "JTA: temporarily suspending incompatible transaction: " + ct.getTid() +
                    " (will be resumed after JTA transaction ends)" );
            ct = compositeTransactionManager.suspend();
            resumeParticipant = new ResumePreviousTransactionSubTxAwareParticipant ( ct );
        }

        try {
      //创建事务补偿点
            ct = compositeTransactionManager.createCompositeTransaction ( ( ( long ) timeout ) * 1000 );
            if ( resumeParticipant != null ) ct.addSubTxAwareParticipant ( resumeParticipant );
            if ( ct.isRoot () && getDefaultSerial () )
                ct.setSerial ();
            ct.setProperty ( JTA_PROPERTY_NAME , "true" );
        } catch ( SysException se ) {
            String msg = "Error in begin()";
            LOGGER.logError( msg , se );
            throw new ExtendedSystemException ( msg , se );
        }
        recreateCompositeTransactionAsJtaTransaction(ct);
    }
  • 这里我们主要关注​​compositeTransactionManager.createCompositeTransaction()​​,

public CompositeTransaction createCompositeTransaction ( long timeout ) throws SysException
    {
        CompositeTransaction ct = null , ret = null;

        ct = getCurrentTx ();
        if ( ct == null ) {
            ret = getTransactionService().createCompositeTransaction ( timeout );
            if(LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()){
                LOGGER.logDebug("createCompositeTransaction ( " + timeout + " ): "
                    + "created new ROOT transaction with id " + ret.getTid ());
            }
        } else {
             if(LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) LOGGER.logDebug("createCompositeTransaction ( " + timeout + " )");
            ret = ct.createSubTransaction ();

        }

        Thread thread = Thread.currentThread ();
        setThreadMappings ( ret, thread );

        return ret;
    }
  • 创建了事务补偿点,然后把他放到了用当前线程作为key的Map当中,这里思考,​​为啥它不用 threadLocal​​。


到这里atomikos的事务begin流程已经完成。大家可能有些疑惑,begin好像什么都没有做,XA start 也没调用?别慌,下一节继续来讲。

XATransactionDataSource getConnection() 流程

我们都知道想要执行SQL语句,必须要获取到数据库的connection。让我们再回到 ​​XAShardingTransactionManager.getConnection()​​​ 最后会调用到​​org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.xa.jta.datasourceXATransactionDataSource.getConnection()​

 public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException, SystemException, RollbackException {
      //先检查是否已经有存在的connection,这一步很关心,也是XA的关键,因为XA事务,必须在同一个connection
        if (CONTAINER_DATASOURCE_NAMES.contains(dataSource.getClass().getSimpleName())) {
            return dataSource.getConnection();
        }
      //获取数据库连接
        Connection result = dataSource.getConnection();
      //转成XAConnection,其实是同一个连接
        XAConnection xaConnection = XAConnectionFactory.createXAConnection(databaseType, xaDataSource, result);
      //获取JTA事务定义接口
        Transaction transaction = xaTransactionManager.getTransactionManager().getTransaction();
        if (!enlistedTransactions.get().contains(transaction)) {
      //进行资源注册
            transaction.enlistResource(new SingleXAResource(resourceName, xaConnection.getXAResource()));
            transaction.registerSynchronization(new Synchronization() {
                @Override
                public void beforeCompletion() {
                    enlistedTransactions.get().remove(transaction);
                }

                @Override
                public void afterCompletion(final int status) {
                    enlistedTransactions.get().clear();
                }
            });
            enlistedTransactions.get().add(transaction);
        }
        return result;
    }
  • 首先第一步很关心,尤其是对shardingsphere来说,因为在一个事务里面,会有多个SQL语句,打到相同的数据库,所以对相同的数据库,必须获取同一个XAConnection,这样才能进行XA事务的提交与回滚。


  • 我们接下来关心​​transaction.enlistResource(new SingleXAResource(resourceName, xaConnection.getXAResource()));​​​, 会进入​​com.atomikos.icatch.jta.TransactionImp.enlistResource()​​, 代码太长,截取一部分。


try {
                restx = (XAResourceTransaction) res
                        .getResourceTransaction(this.compositeTransaction);

                // next, we MUST set the xa resource again,
                // because ONLY the instance we got as argument
                // is available for use now !
                // older instances (set in restx from previous sibling)
                // have connections that may be in reuse already
                // ->old xares not valid except for 2pc operations

                restx.setXAResource(xares);
                restx.resume();
            } catch (ResourceException re) {
                throw new ExtendedSystemException(
                        "Unexpected error during enlist", re);
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                throw e;
            }

            addXAResourceTransaction(restx, xares);
  • 我们直接看​​restx.resume();​

public synchronized void resume() throws{
        int flag = 0;
        String logFlag = "";
        if (this.state.equals(TxState.LOCALLY_DONE)) {// reused instance
            flag = XAResource.TMJOIN;
            logFlag = "XAResource.TMJOIN";
        } else if (!this.knownInResource) {// new instance
            flag = XAResource.TMNOFLAGS;
            logFlag = "XAResource.TMNOFLAGS";
        } else
            throw new IllegalStateException("Wrong state for resume: "
                    + this.state);

        try {
            if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOGGER.logDebug("XAResource.start ( " + this.xidToHexString
                        + " , " + logFlag + " ) on resource "
                        + this.resourcename
                        + " represented by XAResource instance "
                        + this.xaresource);
            }
            this.xaresource.start(this.xid, flag);

        } catch (XAException xaerr) {
            String msg = interpretErrorCode(this.resourcename, "resume",
                    this.xid, xaerr.errorCode);
            LOGGER.logWarning(msg, xaerr);
            throw new ResourceException(msg, xaerr);
        }
        setState(TxState.ACTIVE);
        this.knownInResource = true;
    }
  • 哦多尅,看见了吗,各位,看见了​​this.xaresource.start(this.xid, flag);​​ 了吗????,我们进去,假设我们使用的Mysql数据库:

 public void start(Xid xid, int flags) throws{
        StringBuilder commandBuf = new StringBuilder(300);
        commandBuf.append("XA START ");
        appendXid(commandBuf, xid);
        switch(flags) {
        case 0:
            break;
        case 2097152:
            commandBuf.append(" JOIN");
            break;
        case 134217728:
            commandBuf.append(" RESUME");
            break;
        default:
            throw new XAException(-5);
        }

        this.dispatchCommand(commandBuf.toString());
        this.underlyingConnection.setInGlobalTx(true);
    }
  • 组装​​XA start Xid​​ SQL语句,进行执行。


到这里,我们总结下,在获取数据库连接的时候,我们执行了XA协议接口中的 ​​XA start xid​

atomikos事务commit流程

好了,上面我们已经开启了事务,现在我们来分析下事务commit流程,我们再把视角切换回​​XAShardingTransactionManager.commit()​​​,最后我们会进入​​com.atomikos.icatch.imp.CompositeTransactionImp.commit()​​ 方法:

 public void commit () throws HeurRollbackException, HeurMixedException,
            HeurHazardException, SysException, SecurityException,
            RollbackException
    {
       //首先更新下事务日志的状态
        doCommit ();
        setSiblingInfoForIncoming1pcRequestFromRemoteClient();

        if ( isRoot () ) {
         //真正的commit操作
          coordinator.terminate ( true );
        }
    }
  • 我们关注​​coordinator.terminate ( true );​

 protected void terminate ( boolean commit ) throws HeurRollbackException,
            HeurMixedException, SysException, java.lang.SecurityException,
            HeurCommitException, HeurHazardException, RollbackException,
            IllegalStateException

    {    
        synchronized ( fsm_ ) {
            if ( commit ) {
                     //判断有几个参与者,如果只有一个,直接提交
                if ( participants_.size () <= 1 ) {
                    commit ( true );
                } else {
                                //否则,走XA 2阶段提交流程,先prepare, 再提交
                    int prepareResult = prepare ();
                    // make sure to only do commit if NOT read only
                    if ( prepareResult != Participant.READ_ONLY )
                        commit ( false );
                }
            } else {
                rollback ();
            }
        }
    }
  • 首先会判断参与者的个数,这里我们可以理解为MySQL的database数量,如果只有一个,退化成一阶段,直接提交。
    如果有多个,则走标准的XA二阶段提交流程。


  • 我们来看​​prepare ();​​​ 流程,最后会走到​​com.atomikos.icatch.imp.PrepareMessage.send()​​​ --->​​com.atomikos.datasource.xa.XAResourceTransaction.prepare()​

int ret = 0;
        terminateInResource();

        if (TxState.ACTIVE == this.state) {
            // tolerate non-delisting apps/servers
            suspend();
        }

        // duplicate prepares can happen for siblings in serial subtxs!!!
        // in that case, the second prepare just returns READONLY
        if (this.state == TxState.IN_DOUBT)
            return Participant.READ_ONLY;
        else if (!(this.state == TxState.LOCALLY_DONE))
            throw new SysException("Wrong state for prepare: " + this.state);
        try {
            // refresh xaresource for MQSeries: seems to close XAResource after
            // suspend???
            testOrRefreshXAResourceFor2PC();
            if (LOGGER.isTraceEnabled()) {
                LOGGER.logTrace("About to call prepare on XAResource instance: "
                        + this.xaresource);
            }
            ret = this.xaresource.prepare(this.xid);

        } catch (XAException xaerr) {
            String msg = interpretErrorCode(this.resourcename, "prepare",
                    this.xid, xaerr.errorCode);
            if (XAException.XA_RBBASE <= xaerr.errorCode
                    && xaerr.errorCode <= XAException.XA_RBEND) {
                LOGGER.logWarning(msg, xaerr); // see case 84253
                throw new RollbackException(msg);
            } else {
                LOGGER.logError(msg, xaerr);
                throw new SysException(msg, xaerr);
            }
        }
        setState(TxState.IN_DOUBT);
        if (ret == XAResource.XA_RDONLY) {
            if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOGGER.logDebug("XAResource.prepare ( " + this.xidToHexString
                        + " ) returning XAResource.XA_RDONLY " + "on resource "
                        + this.resourcename
                        + " represented by XAResource instance "
                        + this.xaresource);
            }
            return Participant.READ_ONLY;
        } else {
            if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOGGER.logDebug("XAResource.prepare ( " + this.xidToHexString
                        + " ) returning OK " + "on resource "
                        + this.resourcename
                        + " represented by XAResource instance "
                        + this.xaresource);
            }
            return Participant.READ_ONLY + 1;
        }
  • 终于,我们看到了这么一句​​ret = this.xaresource.prepare(this.xid);​​​ 但是等等,我们之前不是说了,​​XA start xid​​​ 以后要先​​XA end xid​​​ 吗?答案就在​​suspend();​​ 里面。

public synchronized void suspend() throws{

        // BugzID: 20545
        // State may be IN_DOUBT or TERMINATED when a connection is closed AFTER
        // commit!
        // In that case, don't call END again, and also don't generate any
        // error!
        // This is required for some hibernate connection release strategies.
        if (this.state.equals(TxState.ACTIVE)) {
            try {
                if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    LOGGER.logDebug("XAResource.end ( " + this.xidToHexString
                            + " , XAResource.TMSUCCESS ) on resource "
                            + this.resourcename
                            + " represented by XAResource instance "
                            + this.xaresource);
                }
                 //执行了 xa end 语句
                this.xaresource.end(this.xid, XAResource.TMSUCCESS);

            } catch (XAException xaerr) {
                String msg = interpretErrorCode(this.resourcename, "end",
                        this.xid, xaerr.errorCode);
                if (LOGGER.isTraceEnabled())
                    LOGGER.logTrace(msg, xaerr);
                // don't throw: fix for case 102827
            }
            setState(TxState.LOCALLY_DONE);
        }
    }

到了这里,我们已经执行了 XA start xid -> XA end xid --> XA prepare xid, 接下来就是最后一步 commit


  • 我们再回到​​terminate(false)​​​ 方法,来看 commit()流程。其实和 prepare流程一样,最后会走到​​com.atomikos.datasource.xa.XAResourceTransaction.commit()​​。commit执行完,数据提交

//繁杂代码过多,就显示核心的
this.xaresource.commit(this.xid, onePhase);

思考:这里的参与者提交是在一个循环里面,一个一个提交的,如果之前的提交了,后面的参与者提交的时候,挂了,就会造成数据的不一致性。

Atomikos rollback() 流程

上面我们已经分析了commit流程,其实rollback流程和commit流程一样,我们在把目光切换回 ​​org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.xa.XAShardingTransactionManager.rollback()​​​ ,最后会执行到​​com.atomikos.icatch.imp.CompositeTransactionImp.rollback()​​。

    public void rollback () throws IllegalStateException, SysException
    {
        //清空资源,更新事务日志状态等
        doRollback ();
        if ( isRoot () ) {
            try {
                coordinator.terminate ( false );
            } catch ( Exception e ) {
                throw new SysException ( "Unexpected error in rollback: " + e.getMessage (), e );
            }
        }
    }
  • 重点关注​​coordinator.terminate ( false );​​ ,这个和 commit流程是一样的,只不过在 commit流程里面,参数传的是true。

 protected void terminate ( boolean commit ) throws HeurRollbackException,
            HeurMixedException, SysException, java.lang.SecurityException,
            HeurCommitException, HeurHazardException, RollbackException,
            IllegalStateException

    {    
        synchronized ( fsm_ ) {
            if ( commit ) {
                if ( participants_.size () <= 1 ) {
                    commit ( true );
                } else {
                    int prepareResult = prepare ();
                    // make sure to only do commit if NOT read only
                    if ( prepareResult != Participant.READ_ONLY )
                        commit ( false );
                }
            } else {
                 //如果是false,走的是rollback
                rollback ();
            }
        }
    }
  • 我们重点关注​​rollback()​​​ ,最后会走到​​com.atomikos.datasource.xa.XAResourceTransaction.rollback()​​。

public synchronized void rollback()
            throws HeurCommitException, HeurMixedException,
            HeurHazardException, SysException {
        terminateInResource();

        if (rollbackShouldDoNothing()) {
            return;
        }
        if (this.state.equals(TxState.TERMINATED)) {
            return;
        }

        if (this.state.equals(TxState.HEUR_MIXED))
            throw new HeurMixedException();
        if (this.state.equals(TxState.HEUR_COMMITTED))
            throw new HeurCommitException();
        if (this.xaresource == null) { 
            throw new HeurHazardException("XAResourceTransaction "
                    + getXid() + ": no XAResource to rollback?");
        }

        try {
            if (this.state.equals(TxState.ACTIVE)) { // first suspend xid
                suspend();
            }

            // refresh xaresource for MQSeries: seems to close XAResource after
            // suspend???
            testOrRefreshXAResourceFor2PC();
            if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOGGER.logDebug("XAResource.rollback ( " + this.xidToHexString
                        + " ) " + "on resource " + this.resourcename
                        + " represented by XAResource instance "
                        + this.xaresource);
            }
            this.xaresource.rollback(this.xid);
  • 先在​​supend()​​​方法里面执行了​​XA end xid​​​ 语句, 接下来执行​​this.xaresource.rollback(this.xid);​​ 进行数据的回滚。

Atomikos 事务恢复流程

在说,事务恢复流程之前,我们来讨论下,会啥会出现事务恢复?,XA 2阶段提交协议不是强一致性的吗?。要解答这个问题,我们就要来看看XA 二阶段协议有什么问题?

问题一 :单点故障

由于协调者的重要性,一旦协调者TM发生故障。参与者RM会一直阻塞下去。尤其在第二阶段,协调者发生故障,那么所有的参与者还都处于锁定事务资源的状态中,而无法继续完成事务操作。(如果是协调者挂掉,可以重新选举一个协调者,但是无法解决因为协调者宕机导致的参与者处于阻塞状态的问题)

问题二 :数据不一致

数据不一致。在二阶段提交的阶段二中,当协调者向参与者发送commit请求之后,发生了局部网络异常或者在发送commit请求过程中协调者发生了故障,这回导致只有一部分参与者接受到了commit请求。而在这部分参与者接到commit请求之后就会执行commit操作。但是其他部分未接到commit请求的机器则无法执行事务提交。于是整个分布式系统便出现了数据不一致性的现象。

如何解决?

解决的方案简单,就是我们在事务的操作的每一步,我们都需要对事务状态的日志进行人为的记录,我们可以把日志记录存储在我们想存储的地方,可以是本地存储,也可以中心化的存储。atomikos的开源版本,我们之前也分析了,它是使用内存 + file的方式,存储在本地,这样的话,如果在一个集群系统里面,如果有节点宕机,日志又存储在本地,所以事务不能及时的恢复(需要重启服务)。

Atomikos 多场景下事务恢复。

Atomikos 提供了二种方式,来应对不同场景下的异常情况。


  • 场景一:服务节点不宕机,因为其他的原因,产生需要事务恢复的情况。这个时候才要定时任务进行恢复。
    具体的代码​​​com.atomikos.icatch.imp.TransactionServiceImp.init()​​ 方法,会初始化一个定时任务,进行事务的恢复。

public synchronized void init ( Properties properties ) throws SysException
    {
        shutdownInProgress_ = false;
        control_ = new com.atomikos.icatch.admin.imp.LogControlImp ( (AdminLog) this.recoveryLog );
        ConfigProperties configProperties = new ConfigProperties(properties);
        long recoveryDelay = configProperties.getRecoveryDelay();  
       recoveryTimer = new PooledAlarmTimer(recoveryDelay);  
        recoveryTimer.addAlarmTimerListener(new AlarmTimerListener() {

            @Override
            public void alarm(AlarmTimer timer) {
                //进行事务恢复
                performRecovery();

            }


        });

        TaskManager.SINGLETON.executeTask(recoveryTimer);

        initialized_ = true;


    }
  • 最终会进入​​com.atomikos.datasource.xa.XATransactionalResource.recover()​​ 方法。

   public void recover() {
        XaResourceRecoveryManager xaResourceRecoveryManager = XaResourceRecoveryManager.getInstance();
        if (xaResourceRecoveryManager != null) { //null for LogCloud recovery
            try {
                xaResourceRecoveryManager.recover(getXAResource());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                refreshXAResource(); //cf case 156968
            }

        }
    }
  • 场景二: 当服务节点宕机重启动过程中进行事务的恢复。具体实现在​​com.atomikos.datasource.xa.XATransactionalResource.setRecoveryService()​​方法里面

 @Override
    public void setRecoveryService ( RecoveryService recoveryService )
            throws ResourceException
    {

        if ( recoveryService != null ) {
            if ( LOGGER.isTraceEnabled() ) LOGGER.logTrace ( "Installing recovery service on resource "
                    + getName () );
            this.branchIdentifier=recoveryService.getName();
         //进行事务恢复
            recover();
        }

    }

com.atomikos.datasource.xa.XATransactionalResource.recover() 流程详解。

    public void recover(XAResource xaResource) throws{
      // 根据XA recovery 协议获取 xid
        List<XID> xidsToRecover = retrievePreparedXidsFromXaResource(xaResource);
        Collection<XID> xidsToCommit;
        try { 
            // xid 与日志记录的xid进行匹配
            xidsToCommit = retrieveExpiredCommittingXidsFromLog();
            for (XID xid : xidsToRecover) {
                if (xidsToCommit.contains(xid)) {
            //执行 XA commit xid 进行提交                 
                    replayCommit(xid, xaResource);
                } else {
                    attemptPresumedAbort(xid, xaResource);
                }
            }
        } catch (LogException couldNotRetrieveCommittingXids) {
            LOGGER.logWarning("Transient error while recovering - will retry later...", couldNotRetrieveCommittingXids);
        }
    }
  • 我们来看一下如何根据​​XA recovery 协议获取RM端存储的xid​​​。进入方法​​retrievePreparedXidsFromXaResource(xaResource)​​​, 最后进入​​com.atomikos.datasource.xa.RecoveryScan.recoverXids()​​方法。

public static List<XID> recoverXids(XAResource xaResource, XidSelector selector) throws XAException {
        List<XID> ret = new ArrayList<XID>();

        boolean done = false;
        int flags = XAResource.TMSTARTRSCAN;
        Xid[] xidsFromLastScan = null;
        List<XID> allRecoveredXidsSoFar = new ArrayList<XID>();
        do {
            xidsFromLastScan = xaResource.recover(flags);
            flags = XAResource.TMNOFLAGS;
            done = (xidsFromLastScan == null || xidsFromLastScan.length == 0);
            if (!done) {

                // TEMPTATIVELY SET done TO TRUE
                // TO TOLERATE ORACLE 8.1.7 INFINITE
                // LOOP (ALWAYS RETURNS SAME RECOVER
                // SET). IF A NEW SET OF XIDS IS RETURNED
                // THEN done WILL BE RESET TO FALSE

                done = true;
                for ( int i = 0; i < xidsFromLastScan.length; i++ ) {
                    XID xid = new XID ( xidsFromLastScan[i] );
                    // our own XID implements equals and hashCode properly
                    if (!allRecoveredXidsSoFar.contains(xid)) {
                        // a new xid is returned -> we can not be in a recovery loop -> go on
                        allRecoveredXidsSoFar.add(xid);
                        done = false;
                        if (selector.selects(xid)) {
                            ret.add(xid);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } while (!done);

        return ret;
    }
  • 我们重点关注​​xidsFromLastScan = xaResource.recover(flags);​​​ 这个方法,如果我们使用MySQL,那么久会进入 MysqlXAConnection.recover()方法。执行​​XA recovery xid​​ 语句来获取 xid

 protected static Xid[] recover(Connection c, int flag) throws XAException {
        /*
         * The XA RECOVER statement returns information for those XA transactions on the MySQL server that are in the PREPARED state. (See Section 13.4.7.2, ???XA
         * Transaction States???.) The output includes a row for each such XA transaction on the server, regardless of which client started it.
         * 
         * XA RECOVER output rows look like this (for an example xid value consisting of the parts 'abc', 'def', and 7):
         * 
         * mysql> XA RECOVER;
         * +----------+--------------+--------------+--------+
         * | formatID | gtrid_length | bqual_length | data |
         * +----------+--------------+--------------+--------+
         * | 7 | 3 | 3 | abcdef |
         * +----------+--------------+--------------+--------+
         * 
         * The output columns have the following meanings:
         * 
         * formatID is the formatID part of the transaction xid
         * gtrid_length is the length in bytes of the gtrid part of the xid
         * bqual_length is the length in bytes of the bqual part of the xid
         * data is the concatenation of the gtrid and bqual parts of the xid
         */

        boolean startRscan = ((flag & TMSTARTRSCAN) > 0);
        boolean endRscan = ((flag & TMENDRSCAN) > 0);

        if (!startRscan && !endRscan && flag != TMNOFLAGS) {
            throw new MysqlXAException(XAException.XAER_INVAL, Messages.getString("MysqlXAConnection.001"), null);
        }

        //
        // We return all recovered XIDs at once, so if not  TMSTARTRSCAN, return no new XIDs
        //
        // We don't attempt to maintain state to check for TMNOFLAGS "outside" of a scan
        //

        if (!startRscan) {
            return new Xid[0];
        }

        ResultSet rs = null;
        Statement stmt = null;

        List<MysqlXid> recoveredXidList = new ArrayList<MysqlXid>();

        try {
            // TODO: Cache this for lifetime of XAConnection
            stmt = c.createStatement();

            rs = stmt.executeQuery("XA RECOVER");

            while (rs.next()) {
                final int formatId = rs.getInt(1);
                int gtridLength = rs.getInt(2);
                int bqualLength = rs.getInt(3);
                byte[] gtridAndBqual = rs.getBytes(4);

                final byte[] gtrid = new byte[gtridLength];
                final byte[] bqual = new byte[bqualLength];

                if (gtridAndBqual.length != (gtridLength + bqualLength)) {
                    throw new MysqlXAException(XAException.XA_RBPROTO, Messages.getString("MysqlXAConnection.002"), null);
                }

                System.arraycopy(gtridAndBqual, 0, gtrid, 0, gtridLength);
                System.arraycopy(gtridAndBqual, gtridLength, bqual, 0, bqualLength);

                recoveredXidList.add(new MysqlXid(gtrid, bqual, formatId));
            }
        } catch (SQLException sqlEx) {
            throw mapXAExceptionFromSQLException(sqlEx);
        } finally {
            if (rs != null) {
                try {
                    rs.close();
                } catch (SQLException sqlEx) {
                    throw mapXAExceptionFromSQLException(sqlEx);
                }
            }

            if (stmt != null) {
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException sqlEx) {
                    throw mapXAExceptionFromSQLException(sqlEx);
                }
            }
        }

        int numXids = recoveredXidList.size();

        Xid[] asXids = new Xid[numXids];
        Object[] asObjects = recoveredXidList.toArray();

        for (int i = 0; i < numXids; i++) {
            asXids[i] = (Xid) asObjects[i];
        }

        return asXids;
    }
  • ​这里要注意如果Mysql的版本 <5.7.7 ,则不会有任何数据,在以后的版本中Mysql进行了修复,因此如果我们想要使用MySQL充当RM,版本必须 >= 5.7.7​​ ,原因是:

MySQL 5.6版本在客户端退出的时候,自动把已经prepare的事务回滚了,那么MySQL为什么要这样做?这主要取决于MySQL的内部实现,MySQL 5.7以前的版本,对于prepare的事务,MySQL是不会记录binlog的(官方说是减少fsync,起到了优化的作用)。只有当分布式事务提交的时候才会把前面的操作写入binlog信息,所以对于binlog来说,分布式事务与普通的事务没有区别,而prepare以前的操作信息都保存在连接的IO_CACHE中,如果这个时候客户端退出了,以前的binlog信息都会被丢失,再次重连后允许提交的话,会造成Binlog丢失,从而造成主从数据的不一致,所以官方在客户端退出的时候直接把已经prepare的事务都回滚了!

  • 回到主线,假设我们获取到需要进行事务恢复的XID,再从自己记录的事务日志里面获取XID,如果前者包含在后者之中,则进行commit,否则进行rollback.

List<XID> xidsToRecover = retrievePreparedXidsFromXaResource(xaResource);
        Collection<XID> xidsToCommit;
        try {
            xidsToCommit = retrieveExpiredCommittingXidsFromLog();
            for (XID xid : xidsToRecover) {
                if (xidsToCommit.contains(xid)) {
                    replayCommit(xid, xaResource);
                } else {
                    attemptPresumedAbort(xid, xaResource);
                }
            }
        } catch (LogException couldNotRetrieveCommittingXids) {
            LOGGER.logWarning("Transient error while recovering - will retry later...", couldNotRetrieveCommittingXids);
        }
  • replayCommit 方法如下:

private void replayCommit(XID xid, XAResource xaResource) {
        if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) LOGGER.logDebug("Replaying commit of xid: " + xid);
        try {
            xaResource.commit(xid, false);
            log.terminated(xid);
        } catch (XAException e) {
            if (alreadyHeuristicallyTerminatedByResource(e)) {
                handleHeuristicTerminationByResource(xid, xaResource, e, true);
            } else if (xidTerminatedInResourceByConcurrentCommit(e)) {
                log.terminated(xid);
            } else {
                LOGGER.logWarning("Transient error while replaying commit - will retry later...", e);
            }
        }
    }
  • attemptPresumedAbort(xid, xaResource); 方法如下:

private void attemptPresumedAbort(XID xid, XAResource xaResource) {
        try {
            log.presumedAborting(xid);
            if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) LOGGER.logDebug("Presumed abort of xid: " + xid);
            try {
                xaResource.rollback(xid);
                log.terminated(xid); 
            } catch (XAException e) {
                if (alreadyHeuristicallyTerminatedByResource(e)) {
                    handleHeuristicTerminationByResource(xid, xaResource, e, false);
                } else if (xidTerminatedInResourceByConcurrentRollback(e)) {
                    log.terminated(xid);
                } else {
                    LOGGER.logWarning("Unexpected exception during recovery - ignoring to retry later...", e);
                }
            }
        } catch (IllegalStateException presumedAbortNotAllowedInCurrentLogState) {
            // ignore to retry later if necessary
        } catch (LogException logWriteException) {
            LOGGER.logWarning("log write failed for Xid: "+xid+", ignoring to retry later", logWriteException);
        }
    }

文章到此,已经写的很长很多了,我们分析了ShardingSphere对于XA方案,提供了一套SPI解决方案,对Atomikos进行了整合,也分析了Atomikos初始化流程,开始事务流程,获取连接流程,提交事务流程,回滚事务流程,事务恢复流程。
希望对大家理解XA的原理有所帮助。



作者介绍:肖宇,Apache ShardingSphere Committer,开源hmily分布式事务框架作者,
开源soul网关作者,热爱开源,追求写优雅代码。目前就职于京东数科,参与ShardingSphere的开源建设,以及分布式数据库的研发工作。

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已于2022-11-2 10:37:01修改
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