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如何编译OpenHarmony自带APP

作者：王石

概述

OpenHarmony的主干代码是开源社区的重要学习资源，对于想进行应用开发和熟悉OpenHarmony能力的同学主干代码是非常重要的资源，在主干代码的applications目录里聚集了很多原生的应用实现，那么如何编译这些代码就是我们这篇文章的主要议题。

下载代码

参考《[#跟着小白一起学鸿蒙# 一]运行OpenHarmony》文章下载OpenHarmony代码

使用DevEco导入编译

1. 导入代码

2. 自动下载npm包

导入应用后，IDE工具就会自动sync相关依赖npm包，完成之后会出现以下界面

3. 然后即可以开始build

4. 一些报错处理

   • sdk依赖缺失

      ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:386:20
      Property 'removeDevice' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.
     
      ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:391:37
      Property 'getDeviceConfigs' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.
     
      ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:395:24
      Property 'connectToDevice' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.
     
      ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:439:41
      Property 'getDeviceConfigs' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.
     
     

     以上错误即为sdk缺失导致，也就是import wifi from ‘@ohos.wifi’;这个d.ts文件里没有和主干最新的接口和功能同步，这时候偷懒的法子就是在对应的文件头增加// @ts-nocheck，如下。如果是正规方式，则应该找主干代码里的对应文件，拷贝到IDE的sdk目录下。

     // @ts-nocheck
     import LogUtil from '../../../../../../../common/utils/src/main/ets/default/baseUtil/LogUtil';
     import ConfigData from '../../../../../../../common/utils/src/main/ets/default/baseUtil/ConfigData';
     import wifi from '@ohos.wifi';
     import BaseModel from '../../../../../../../common/utils/src/main/ets/default/model/BaseModel';
     

     按以上套路能编译出来，提示信息如下：

     > hvigor Finished :phone:CompileResources... after 602 ms
     > hvigor WARN:  ETS:WARN File: D:\gitee\applications_app_samples-master\settings1118\settings\settings\product\phone\src\main\ets\pages\volumeControl.ets
      It's not a recommended way to export struct with @Entry decorator, which may cause ACE Engine error in component preview mode. 
     
      COMPILE RESULT:SUCCESS { WARN:1} 
     > hvigor Finished :phone:CompileETS... after 33 s
     > hvigor Finished :phone:CompileJS... after 988 μs
     > hvigor Finished :phone:SyscapTransform... after 2 ms 210 μs
     > hvigor Finished :phone:PackageHap... after 1 s 510 ms
     > hvigor WARN: Will skip sign 'hap'. Invalid signingConfig is configured for 'default' product.
     > hvigor Finished :phone:SignHap... after 3 ms 580 μs
     > hvigor Finished :phone:assembleHap... after 73 μs
     > hvigor BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 37 s
     
     Process finished with exit code 0
     
     

   • hap包没有签名

     按以上套路编出来的，会发现没有签名的hap包。如图：

 这时候应该走File -> Project Structure -> Signing Configs -> automatically generate signature，如果有选中需要取消选中然后再选中，然后apply，最后OK。

 但是这时候其实还没有显示出来，其实上面的报错也有显示，即：

 ```bash
 > hvigor WARN: Will skip sign 'hap'. Invalid signingConfig is configured for 'default' product.
 ```

 这是因为命名不匹配，需要修改build-profile.json5文件的signingConfig：

 ```bash
 "signingConfig": "release" 改成 "signingConfig": "default"
 ```

 这样应该就能编译出signed.hap这应用程序包了

• install的权限问题

  如果在安装的时候发现install的权限报错，则是很有可能是权限配置问题。OpenHarmony的应用分一般应用和系统应用，系统自带的applications大多是系统自带应用，所以配置IDE工具sdk里的UnsgnedReleasedProfileTemplate.json，具体位置在：sdk\toolchains\3.2.7.5（对应下载和使用的sdk版本）\lib。在这个文件里，我们需要修改以下位置：

  {
    "version-name": "2.0.0",
    "version-code": 2,
    "app-distribution-type": "os_integration",
    "uuid": "5027b99e-5f9e-465d-9508-a9e0134ffe18",
    "validity": {
      "not-before": 1594865258,
      "not-after": 1689473258
    },
    "type": "release",
    "bundle-info": {
      "developer-id": "OpenHarmony",
      "distribution-certificate": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nL5RlJ/m5o13Q\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",
      "bundle-name": "com.ohos.settings",
      //需要修改的系统应用权限
      "apl": "system_core",
      "app-feature": "hos_normal_app"
    },
    "acls": {
    	//需要增加的权限，根据hap的权限申请设置
      "allowed-acls": [
        "ohos.permission.CAPTURE_SCREEN",
        "ohos.permission.MANAGE_USER_IDM"
      ]
    },
    "permissions": {
      "restricted-permissions": []
    },
    "issuer": "pki_internal"
  }
  

  这样一般就可以安装了

• Install的包名问题

  我们OpenHarmony主干拷贝出来的application的包名一定会和板子上运行的原程序同名的，这样安装时也会提示报错，这种时候，我们需要修改"bundleName": “com.ohos.settings”, 以及sign文件里的对应的名字。大概是两个文件：

  1. product\phone\build\default\intermediates\merge_profile\default\module.json

     "bundleName": "com.ohos.settings", //改成新名字如newsetting
     

  2. build-profile.json5

     "signingConfigs": [
           {
             "name": "default",
             "material": {
               "certpath": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.ohos\\config\\openharmony\\auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.settings.cer", //使用上面新名字替换com.ohos.settings
               "storePassword": "0000001BC6E86D64AD786A77BBF86702F23E6DD32E016E263D961DBCD4710340CD6EAC6B2A4A43A53DDFA0",
               "keyAlias": "debugKey",
               "keyPassword": "0000001B9CB15173695726ED3460368DEEC246A602353461BBD9321C77513130E462B2BEB9F39DB201E92A",
               "profile": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.ohos\\config\\openharmony\\auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.settings.p7b",
               "signAlg": "SHA256withECDSA",
               "storeFile": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.ohos\\config\\openharmony\\auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.settings.p12"
             }
           }
         ]
     

小结

通过上述方式，我们就能编译并安装运行OpenHarmony自带的应用并学习基础能力的开发了