OpenHarmony - 相机(Camera)的调用 原创 精华
作者:张明伟
一、前言
camera使用介绍
相机是一个系统的基础能力,能够通过调用相机进行拍照,在很多场景下都会使用到相机的调用,如人脸识别门禁,人脸解锁等操作。
本文主要介绍在OpenHarmony应用开发中ArkUI开发框架下相机应用的开发。
开发模式:Stage开发模式
SDK版本:3.2.2.5
开发环境:DevEco Studio 3.0 Release 3.0.0.993
效果展示
相机调用成功如下图:

二、实现步骤
1. 声明权限
1.1 在module.json5中配置权限
 "reqPermissions": [   {
        "name": "ohos.permission.LOCATION",
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.CAMERA"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.MICROPHONE"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.MEDIA_LOCATION"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.WRITE_MEDIA"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.READ_MEDIA"
      }]
1.2 在MainAbility.ts中调用requestPermissionsFromUser方法申请权限
 const PERMISSIONS: Array<string> = [
    'ohos.permission.CAMERA',
    'ohos.permission.MICROPHONE',
    'ohos.permission.MEDIA_LOCATION',
    'ohos.permission.READ_MEDIA',
    'ohos.permission.WRITE_MEDIA',
    'ohos.permission.GET_WIFI_INFO ',
    'ohos.permission.GET_WIFI_PEERS_MAC ',
]
   		globalThis.abilityWant = want;
        globalThis.context = this.context
        globalThis.abilityContext = this.context;
 
globalThis.context.requestPermissionsFromUser(PERMISSIONS).then((message)=>{
            console.log(JSON.stringify(message))
        })
  
注意:权限需要在页面加载前提前申请,所以需要在调用相机的页面前添加一个过渡的页面。
2. 准备工作
2.1 导包
import camera from '@ohos.multimedia.camera';
import image from '@ohos.multimedia.image';
import fileio from '@ohos.fileio';
import mediaLibrary from '@ohos.multimedia.mediaLibrary'
const CameraSize = {
  WIDTH: 640,
  HEIGHT: 480
}
2.2 定义变量
  private mXComponentController = new XComponentController()
  private cameraManager: camera.CameraManager = undefined
  private cameras: Array<camera.Camera> = undefined
  private cameraId: string = undefined
  private mReceiver: image.ImageReceiver = undefined
  private cameraInput: camera.CameraInput = undefined
  private previewOutput: camera.PreviewOutput = undefined
  private mSurfaceId: string = undefined
  private photoOutput: camera.PhotoOutput = undefined
  private captureSession: camera.CaptureSession = undefined
  private mediaUtil: MediaUtil = undefined
  @State desStr: string = ""
  private fileAsset: mediaLibrary.FileAsset
  private surfaceId: number
  @State photoUriMedia: string = ""
  private photoFlag: boolean = true
  @State  imgUrl: string = ""
  @State isMediaUrl:boolean=true  //判断保存路径为是沙箱路径或者媒体路径,默认媒体路径
  aboutToAppear(){
    this.mediaTest = mediaLibrary.getMediaLibrary(globalThis.context)
  }
2.3 工具方法
  async createAndGetUri(mediaType: number) {
    let info = this.getInfoFromType(mediaType)
    let dateTimeUtil = new DateTimeUtil()
    let name = `${dateTimeUtil.getDate()}_${dateTimeUtil.getTime()}`
    let displayName = `${info.prefix}${name}${info.suffix}`
    let publicPath = await this.mediaTest.getPublicDirectory(info.directory)
    let dataUri = await this.mediaTest.createAsset(mediaType, displayName, publicPath)
    return dataUri
  }
  async getFdPath(fileAsset: any) {
    let fd = await fileAsset.open('Rw')
    return fd
  }
  getInfoFromType(mediaType: number) {
    let result = {
      prefix: '', suffix: '', directory: 0
    }
    switch (mediaType) {
      case mediaLibrary.MediaType.FILE:
        result.prefix = 'FILE_'
        result.suffix = '.txt'
        result.directory = mediaLibrary.DirectoryType.DIR_DOCUMENTS
        break
      case mediaLibrary.MediaType.IMAGE:
        result.prefix = 'IMG_'
        result.suffix = '.jpg'
        result.directory = mediaLibrary.DirectoryType.DIR_IMAGE
        break
      case mediaLibrary.MediaType.VIDEO:
        result.prefix = 'VID_'
        result.suffix = '.mp4'
        result.directory = mediaLibrary.DirectoryType.DIR_VIDEO
        break
      case mediaLibrary.MediaType.AUDIO:
        result.prefix = 'AUD_'
        result.suffix = '.wav'
        result.directory = mediaLibrary.DirectoryType.DIR_AUDIO
        break
    }
    return result
  }
2.4 工具类
/**
 * @file 日期工具
 */
export default class DateTimeUtil {
    /**
   * 时分秒
   */
    getTime() {
        const DATETIME = new Date()
        return this.concatTime(DATETIME.getHours(), DATETIME.getMinutes(), DATETIME.getSeconds())
    }
    /**
   * 年月日
   */
    getDate() {
        const DATETIME = new Date()
        return this.concatDate(DATETIME.getFullYear(), DATETIME.getMonth() + 1, DATETIME.getDate())
    }
    /**
   * 日期不足两位补充0
   * @param value-数据值
   */
    fill(value: number) {
        return (value > 9 ? '' : '0') + value
    }
    /**
   * 年月日格式修饰
   * @param year
   * @param month
   * @param date
   */
    concatDate(year: number, month: number, date: number) {
        return `${year}${this.fill(month)}${this.fill(date)}`
    }
    /**
   * 时分秒格式修饰
   * @param hours
   * @param minutes
   * @param seconds
   */
    concatTime(hours: number, minutes: number, seconds: number) {
        return `${this.fill(hours)}${this.fill(minutes)}${this.fill(seconds)}`
    }
}
这个工具类主要是用来进行获取时间对相片进行命名的工具类。
3. 构建UI组件
页面主要分为2块,左边为相机的XComponent组件,右边为图片显示区域。拍完的照片能够显示在右边。XComponent组件作用于EGL/OpenGLES和媒体数据写入,并显示在XComponent组件。相关资料https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-references/ts-basic-components-xcomponent-0000001333800561。
hml代码如下:
  build() {
    Flex() {
      Flex() {
        Stack() {
          Flex() {
            //相机显示的组件
            XComponent({
              id: 'componentId',
              type: 'surface',
              controller: this.mXComponentController
            }).onLoad(() => {
              this.mXComponentController.setXComponentSurfaceSize({ surfaceWidth: 640, surfaceHeight: 480 })
              this.surfaceId = this.mXComponentController.getXComponentSurfaceId()
              this.initCamera(this.surfaceId)
            })
          }.width(800).height(800)
          //显示在相机上面的组件:拍照和摄像的图标,摄像的时间
          Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, justifyContent: FlexAlign.End, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) {
            if (this.photoFlag) { //拍照
              Image($r("app.media.take_photo_normal")).width(50).height(50).onClick(() => {
                this.desStr = "拍照完成"
                this.takePicture()
              })
            }
            Text(this.desStr).fontColor("red").height(30).fontSize(20)
          }.width(480).height(480)
        }.border({ width: 1, style: BorderStyle.Solid, color: "#000000" })
        //右边的控制button和图片显示区域
        Flex({
          direction: FlexDirection.Column,
          justifyContent: FlexAlign.SpaceBetween,
          alignItems: ItemAlign.Center,
        }) {
          Button("选择沙箱路径存储").onClick(()=>{
              this.isMediaUrl=false
          }) .stateStyles({
            normal: { // 设置默认情况下的显示样式
              .backgroundColor(Color.Blue)
            },
            pressed: { // 设置手指摁下时的显示样式
              .backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
            }
          })
          Image(decodeURI("file://"+this.imgUrl)).width(480).height(350)//显示沙箱图片
          Button("选择媒体路径存储").onClick(()=>{
            this.isMediaUrl=true
          }) .stateStyles({
            normal: { // 设置默认情况下的显示样式
              .backgroundColor(Color.Blue)
            },
            pressed: { // 设置手指摁下时的显示样式
              .backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
            }
          })
          Image(decodeURI(this.imgUrl)).width(480).height(350)   //显示媒体图片
        }.width(480).height("100%").border({ width: 1, style: BorderStyle.Solid, color: "#000000" })
      }.border({ width: 1, style: BorderStyle.Solid, color: "red" })
      .width("100%").height("100%")
    }
    .height('100%').width("100%")
  }
UI实现了对存储路径的选择,需要存储到沙箱路径还是媒体路径。
注意:沙箱路径需要加上"file://",查看对应的存储路径步骤:
- 
打开hdc命令窗口;
 - 
cd /data/app/el2/100/base/com.chinasoft.photo/haps/entry/files进入
 - 
ls查看全部文件
 
4. 拍照流程
4.1 初始化相机
这一步需要在拍照前就进行,一般是在XComponent组件的onLoad()中进行的。
   //初始化相机和会话管理
  async initCamera(surfaceId: number) {
    this.cameraManager = await camera.getCameraManager(globalThis.context)//需要在Ability中定义globalThis.context=this.context
    this.cameras = await this.cameraManager.getCameras()
    this.cameraId = this.cameras[1].cameraId
    await this.photoReceiver() //创建图片接收器并进行订阅
    this.mSurfaceId = await this.mReceiver.getReceivingSurfaceId()
    this.cameraInput = await this.cameraManager.createCameraInput(this.cameraId)
    this.previewOutput = await camera.createPreviewOutput(surfaceId.toString())
    this.photoOutput = await camera.createPhotoOutput(this.mSurfaceId)
      
    this.captureSession = await camera.createCaptureSession(globalThis.context)
    await this.captureSession.beginConfig()
    await this.captureSession.addInput(this.cameraInput)
    await this.captureSession.addOutput(this.previewOutput)
    await this.captureSession.addOutput(this.photoOutput)
    await this.captureSession.commitConfig()
    await this.captureSession.start().then(() => {
      console.log('zmw1--Promise returned to indicate the session start success.');
    })
  }
  //创建图片接收器并进行订阅
  async photoReceiver() {
    this.mReceiver = image.createImageReceiver(CameraSize.WIDTH, CameraSize.HEIGHT, 4, 8)
    let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(4096)
    this.mReceiver.on('imageArrival', () => {
      console.log("zmw -service-imageArrival")
      this.mReceiver.readNextImage((err, image) => {
        if (err || image === undefined) {
          return
        }
        image.getComponent(4, (errMsg, img) => {
          if (errMsg || img === undefined) {
            return
          }
          if (img.byteBuffer) {
            buffer = img.byteBuffer
          }
          if(this.isMediaUrl){
            this.savePictureMedia(buffer, image)
          }else{
            this.savePictureSand(buffer, image)
          }
        })
      })
      return buffer
    })
  }
- 
根据camera的getCameraManager方法获取CameraManager
 - 
通过CameraManager获取所有的相机数组,找到可用的相机,并获取相机的cameraid
 - 
创建图片接收器并进行订阅,获取receiver的surfaceId
 - 
通过CameraManager的createCameraInput(cameraid)创建相机输入流
 - 
通过camera的createPreviewOutput(sufaceId)创建相机预览输出流.这里sufaceId为XComponent的id
 - 
通过camera的createPhotoOutput(sufaceId)创建相机拍照输出流.这里sufaceId为图片接收器的surfaceId
 - 
会话管理:创建会话,并且配置会话的相机输入流,相机拍照输出流与相机预览流,提交配置,开始会话
 
至此,相机就能正常的显示出图像了。
4.2 用拍照方法拍摄照片
  //拍摄照片
  async takePicture() {
    let photoSettings = {
      rotation: camera.ImageRotation.ROTATION_0,
      quality: camera.QualityLevel.QUALITY_LEVEL_LOW,
      mirror: false
    }
    await this.photoOutput.capture(photoSettings)
  }
调用相机的输出流的capture方法进行拍照操作,会触发图片接收器的监听,进行对字节流的写入操作,保存到沙箱或者媒体。
4.3 保存图片
分为沙箱路径与媒体路径:
//保存沙箱路径
  async savePictureSand(buffer: ArrayBuffer, img: image.Image) {
    let info = this.mediaUtil.getInfoFromType(mediaLibrary.MediaType.IMAGE)
    let dateTimeUtil = new DateTimeUtil()
    let name = `${dateTimeUtil.getDate()}_${dateTimeUtil.getTime()}`
    let displayName = `${info.prefix}${name}${info.suffix}`
    let sandboxDirPath = globalThis.context.filesDir;
    let path = sandboxDirPath + '/' + displayName
    this.imgUrl=path
    let fdSand = await fileio.open(path, 0o2 | 0o100, 0o666);
    await fileio.write(fdSand, buffer)
    await fileio.close(fdSand).then(()=>{
      this.desStr=""
    });
    await img.release()
  }
//保存媒体路径
  async savePictureMedia(buffer: ArrayBuffer, img: image.Image) {
    this.fileAsset = await this.mediaUtil.createAndGetUri(mediaLibrary.MediaType.IMAGE)
    this.imgUrl = this.fileAsset.uri
    let fd = await this.mediaUtil.getFdPath(this.fileAsset)
    await fileio.write(fd, buffer)
    await this.fileAsset.close(fd).then(()=>{
      this.desStr=""
    })
    await img.release()
  }
4.4 释放相机
  //结束释放相机资源
  async releaseCamera() {
    if (this.captureSession) {
      await this.captureSession.stop().then(() => {
      })
    }
    if (this.cameraInput) {
      await this.cameraInput.release().then(() => {
      })
    }
    if (this.previewOutput) {
      await this.previewOutput.release().then(() => {
      })
    }
    if (this.photoOutput) {
      await this.photoOutput.release().then(() => {
      })
    }
    // 释放会话
    if (this.captureSession) {
      await this.captureSession.release((err) => {
        if (err) {
          console.error('zmw  Failed to release the CaptureSession instance ${err.message}');
          return;
        }
      });
    }
  }
在完成了相机的调用后,需要对相机的资源进行释放,否则再次调用的时候会一直被占用而导致黑屏。
三、总结
openHarmony对于相机的官方使用文档不太清晰,有许多的坑,需要去趟,在这个过程中我遇到的问题:
- 
在相机的使用时,由于开发板上的相机获取到了两个,一个是外接USB的相机,一个应该是系统的,在获取相机的id的时候需要注意;
 - 
在保存相机拍照的图片的时候,保存到沙箱路径时显示不到页面上,需要在保存的路径前加上"file://"。
 
 需要扩展研究的是进行相机的摄像操作,以及相机拍照与摄像的切换操作。
参考资料:
https://gitee.com/openharmony/app_samples/tree/master/media/Scan
https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_camera
https://gitee.com/openharmony/docs/blob/OpenHarmony-3.2-Beta3/zh-cn/application-dev/media/camera.md
更多原创内容请关注:中软国际 HarmonyOS 技术团队
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非常完整的相机调用流程,必须支持
对于现在市场上的 越来越多的需要 人脸相关技术 实现 有很大借鉴帮助
感谢分享,很详细
目前在OpenHarmony3.2上调用相机,需要使用ohos-full-sdk,而非大家下载DevEco Studio所带的sdk,那个sdk被称作为public sdk。关于sdk的替换办法可以参考官方文档“ full-SDK替换指南”
涨知识了
Stage开发模式下module.json5中配置权限,字段应为
FA开发模式下config.json中配置权限,字段应为
否则会报错