开发指导—利用组件&插值器动画实现HarmonyOS动效
一. 组件动画
在组件上创建和运行动画的快捷方式。具体用法请参考通用方法。
获取动画对象
通过调用animate方法获得animation对象,animation对象支持动画属性、动画方法和动画事件。
<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
<div id="content" class="box" onclick="Show"></div>
</div>
/* xxx.css */
.container {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
width: 100%;
}
.box{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #ff0000;
margin-top: 30px;
}
/* xxx.js */
export default {
data: {
animation: '',
},
onInit() {
},
onShow() {
var options = {
duration: 1500,
};
var frames = [
{
width:200,height:200,
},
{
width:300,height:300,
}
];
this.animation = this.$element('content').animate(frames, options); //获取动画对象
},
Show() {
this.animation.play();
}
}
说明
● 使用animate方法时必须传入Keyframes和Options参数。
● 多次调用animate方法时,采用replace策略,即最后一次调用时传入的参数生效。
设置动画参数
在获取动画对象后,通过设置参数Keyframes设置动画在组件上的样式。
<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
<div id="content" class="box" onclick="Show"></div>
</div>
/* xxx.css */
.container {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.box{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #ff0000;
margin-top: 30px;
}
/* xxx.js */
export default {
data: {
animation: '',
keyframes:{},
options:{}
},
onInit() {
this.options = {
duration: 4000,
}
this.keyframes = [
{
transform: {
translate: '-120px -0px',
scale: 1,
rotate: 0
},
transformOrigin: '100px 100px',
offset: 0.0,
width: 200,
height: 200
},
{
transform: {
translate: '120px 0px',
scale: 1.5,
rotate: 90
},
transformOrigin: '100px 100px',
offset: 1.0,
width: 300,
height: 300
}
]
},
Show() {
this.animation = this.$element('content').animate(this.keyframes, this.options)
this.animation.play()
}
}
说明
● translate、scale和rtotate的先后顺序会影响动画效果。
● transformOrigin只对scale和rtotate起作用。
在获取动画对象后,通过设置参数Options来设置动画的属性。
<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
<div id="content" class="box" onclick="Show"></div>
</div>
/* xxx.css */
.container {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
width: 100%;
}
.box{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #ff0000;
margin-top: 30px;
}
/* xxx.js */
export default {
data: {
animation: '',
},
onInit() {
},
onShow() {
var options = {
duration: 1500,
easing: 'ease-in',
delay: 5,
iterations: 2,
direction: 'normal',
};
var frames = [
{
transform: {
translate: '-150px -0px'
}
},
{
transform: {
translate: '150px 0px'
}
}
];
this.animation = this.$element('content').animate(frames, options);
},
Show() {
this.animation.play();
}
}
说明
direction:指定动画的播放模式。
normal: 动画正向循环播放。
reverse: 动画反向循环播放。
alternate:动画交替循环播放,奇数次正向播放,偶数次反向播放。
alternate-reverse:动画反向交替循环播放,奇数次反向播放,偶数次正向播放。
二. 插值器动画
动画动效
通过设置插值器来实现动画效果。(从API Version 6 开始支持。)
创建动画对象
通过createAnimator创建一个动画对象,通过设置参数options来设置动画的属性。
<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
<div style="width: 300px;height: 300px;margin-top: 100px;background: linear-gradient(pink, purple);transform: translate({{translateVal}});">
</div>
<div class="row">
<button type="capsule" value="play" onclick="playAnimation"></button>
</div>
</div>
/* xxx.css */
.container {
width:100%;
height:100%;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
button{
width: 200px;
}
.row{
width: 65%;
height: 100px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
margin-top: 50px;
margin-left: 260px;
}
// xxx.js
import animator from '@ohos.animator';
export default {
data: {
translateVal: 0,
animation: null
},
onInit() {},
onShow(){
var options = {
duration: 3000,
easing:"friction",
delay:"1000",
fill: 'forwards',
direction:'alternate',
iterations: 2,
begin: 0,
end: 180
};//设置参数
this.animation = animator.createAnimator(options)//创建动画
},
playAnimation() {
var _this = this;
this.animation.onframe = function(value) {
_this.translateVal= value
};
this.animation.play();
}
}
说明
● 使用createAnimator创建动画对象时必须传入options参数。
● begin插值起点,不设置时默认为0。
● end插值终点,不设置时默认为1。
添加动画事件和调用接口
animator支持事件和接口,可以通过添加frame、cancel、repeat、finish事件和调用update、play、pause、cancel、reverse、finish接口自定义动画效果。animator支持的事件和接口具体见动画中的createAnimator。
<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div style="flex-direction: column;align-items: center;width: 100%;height: 100%;">
<div style="width:200px;height: 200px;margin-top: 100px;background: linear-gradient(#b30d29, #dcac1b);
transform: scale({{scaleVal}});"></div>
<div style="width: {{DivWidth}};height: {{DivHeight}};margin-top: 200px;
background: linear-gradient(pink, purple);margin-top: 200px;transform:translateY({{translateVal}});">
</div>
<div class="row">
<button type="capsule" value="play" onclick="playAnimation"></button>
<button type="capsule" value="update" onclick="updateAnimation"></button>
</div>
<div class="row1">
<button type="capsule" value="pause" onclick="pauseAnimation"></button>
<button type="capsule" value="finish" onclick="finishAnimation"></button>
</div>
<div class="row2">
<button type="capsule" value="cancel" onclick="cancelAnimation"></button>
<button type="capsule" value="reverse" onclick="reverseAnimation"></button>
</div>
</div>
/* xxx.css */
button{
width: 200px;
}
.row{
width: 65%;
height: 100px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
margin-top: 150px;
position: fixed;
top: 52%;
left: 120px;
}
.row1{
width: 65%;
height: 100px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
margin-top: 120px;
position: fixed;
top: 65%;
left: 120px;
}
.row2{
width: 65%;
height: 100px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
margin-top: 100px;
position: fixed;
top: 75%;
left: 120px;
}
// xxx.js
import animator from '@ohos.animator';
import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
export default {
data: {
scaleVal:1,
DivWidth:200,
DivHeight:200,
translateVal:0,
animation: null
},
onInit() {
var options = {
duration: 3000,
fill: 'forwards',
begin: 200,
end: 270
};
this.animation = animator.createAnimator(options);
},
onShow() {
var _this= this;
//添加动画重放事件
this.animation.onrepeat = function() {
promptAction.showToast({
message: 'repeat'
});
var repeatoptions = {
duration: 2000,
iterations: 1,
direction: 'alternate',
begin: 180,
end: 240
};
_this.animation.update(repeatoptions);
_this.animation.play();
};
},
playAnimation() {
var _this= this;
//添加动画逐帧插值回调事件
this.animation.onframe = function(value) {
_this. scaleVal= value/150,
_this.DivWidth = value,
_this.DivHeight = value,
_this.translateVal = value-180
};
this.animation.play();
},
updateAnimation() {
var newoptions = {
duration: 5000,
iterations: 2,
begin: 120,
end: 180
};
this.animation.update(newoptions);
this.animation.play();//调用动画播放接口
},
pauseAnimation() {
this.animation.pause();//调用动画暂停接口
},
finishAnimation() {
var _this= this;
//添加动画完成事件
this.animation.onfinish = function() {
promptAction.showToast({
message: 'finish'
})
};
this.animation.finish(); //调用动画完成接口
},
cancelAnimation() {
this.animation.cancel(); //调用动画取消接口
},
reverseAnimation() {
this.animation.reverse(); //调用动画倒放接口
}
}
说明
在调用update接口的过程中可以使用这个接口更新动画参数,入参与createAnimator一致。
动画帧
请求动画帧
请求动画帧时通过requestAnimationFrame函数逐帧回调,在调用该函数时传入一个回调函数。
runframe在调用requestAnimationFrame时传入带有timestamp参数的回调函数step,将step中的timestamp赋予起始的startTime。当timestamp与startTime的差值小于规定的时间时将再次调用requestAnimationFrame,最终动画将会停止。
<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
<tabs onchange="changecontent">
<tab-content>
<div class="container">
<stack style="width: 300px;height: 300px;margin-top: 100px;margin-bottom: 100px;">
<canvas id="mycanvas" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: coral;">
</canvas>
<div style="width: 50px;height: 50px;border-radius: 25px;background-color: indigo;position: absolute;left: {{left}};top: {{top}};">
</div>
</stack>
<button type="capsule" value="play" onclick="runframe"></button>
</div>
</tab-content>
</tabs>
</div>
/* xxx.css */
.container {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
button{
width: 300px;
}
// xxx.js
export default {
data: {
timer: null,
left: 0,
top: 0,
flag: true,
animation: null,
startTime: 0,
},
onShow() {
var test = this.$element("mycanvas");
var ctx = test.getContext("2d");
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(0, 0);
ctx.lineTo(300, 300);
ctx.lineWidth = 5;
ctx.strokeStyle = "red";
ctx.stroke();
},
runframe() {
this.left = 0;
this.top = 0;
this.flag = true;
this.animation = requestAnimationFrame(this.step);
},
step(timestamp) {
if (this.flag) {
this.left += 5;
this.top += 5;
if (this.startTime == 0) {
this.startTime = timestamp;
}
var elapsed = timestamp - this.startTime;
if (elapsed < 500) {
console.log('callback step timestamp: ' + timestamp);
this.animation = requestAnimationFrame(this.step);
}
} else {
this.left -= 5;
this.top -= 5;
this.animation = requestAnimationFrame(this.step);
}
if (this.left == 250 || this.left == 0) {
this.flag = !this.flag
}
},
onDestroy() {
cancelAnimationFrame(this.animation);
}
}
说明
requestAnimationFrame函数在调用回调函数时在第一个参数位置传入timestamp时间戳,表示requestAnimationFrame开始去执行回调函数的时刻。
取消动画帧
通过cancelAnimationFrame函数取消逐帧回调,在调用cancelAnimationFrame函数时取消requestAnimationFrame函数的请求。
<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
<tabs onchange="changecontent">
<tab-content>
<div class="container">
<stack style="width: 300px;height: 300px;margin-top: 100px;margin-bottom: 100px;">
<canvas id="mycanvas" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: coral;">
</canvas>
<div style="width: 50px;height: 50px;border-radius: 25px;background-color: indigo;position: absolute;left: {{left}};top: {{top}};">
</div>
</stack>
<button type="capsule" value="play" onclick="runframe"></button>
</div>
</tab-content>
</tabs>
</div>
/* xxx.css */
.container {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
button{
width: 300px;
}
// xxx.js
export default {
data: {
timer: null,
left: 0,
top: 0,
flag: true,
animation: null
},
onShow() {
var test = this.$element("mycanvas");
var ctx = test.getContext("2d");
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(0, 0);
ctx.lineTo(300, 300);
ctx.lineWidth = 5;
ctx.strokeStyle = "red";
ctx.stroke();
},
runframe() {
this.left = 0;
this.top = 0;
this.flag = true;
this.animation = requestAnimationFrame(this.step);
},
step(timestamp) {
if (this.flag) {
this.left += 5;
this.top += 5;
this.animation = requestAnimationFrame(this.step);
} else {
this.left -= 5;
this.top -= 5;
this.animation = requestAnimationFrame(this.step);
}
if (this.left == 250 || this.left == 0) {
this.flag = !this.flag
}
},
onDestroy() {
cancelAnimationFrame(this.animation);
}
}
说明
在调用该函数时需传入一个具有标识id的参数。