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鸿蒙IME Kit让输入法开发变得「有章可循」。本文带你解析输入法生命周期、窗口构建和切换逻辑,附代码示例助你快速上手~
组件名称 | 作用 |
---|---|
InputMethodExtensionAbility | 输入法主服务,管理生命周期(创建/销毁窗口、监听事件) |
InputMethodManager | 系统输入法管理接口(获取输入法列表、切换输入法) |
Panel | 软键盘窗口容器,承载ArkUI组件(按键、候选词栏等) |
graph LR
A[用户点击输入框] --> B[系统触发inputStart事件]
B --> C[InputMethodExtensionAbility创建Panel]
C --> D[用户按键操作]
D --> E[Panel发送按键事件到编辑框应用]
E --> F[编辑框更新文本]
Input Method
> InputMethodExtensionAbility
InputMethodService.ts
:主服务逻辑keyboard_panel.ets
:键盘界面布局// module.json5
{
"reqPermissions": [
{ "name": "ohos.permission.GET_INPUT_METHOD" },
{ "name": "ohos.permission.SET_INPUT_METHOD" }
]
}
export default class InputMethodService extends InputMethodExtensionAbility {
private panel: Panel | null = null;
onCreate(want: Want) {
super.onCreate(want);
this.initPanel(); // 初始化键盘窗口
this.registerEvents(); // 注册事件监听
}
private initPanel() {
this.panel = this.inputMethodAbility.createPanel((container) => {
// 使用ArkUI构建键盘布局
Column() {
Grid() {
// 数字键盘按钮
ForEach(keyboardKeys, (key) => {
Button(key.label)
.width(50)
.height(50)
.onClick(() => this.handleKeyPress(key.value));
}, (key) => key.value.toString())
}
}.width('100%').height('150px');
});
}
private registerEvents() {
this.inputMethodAbility.on('inputStart', () => {
this.panel?.show(); // 输入框聚焦时显示键盘
});
this.inputMethodAbility.on('inputStop', () => {
this.panel?.hide(); // 输入框失焦时隐藏键盘
});
}
}
onDestroy() {
this.panel?.destroy(); // 销毁窗口
this.inputMethodAbility.off('inputStart'); // 移除事件监听
this.inputMethodAbility.off('inputStop');
}
private handleKeyPress(key: string) {
switch (key) {
case 'Backspace':
this.inputMethodAbility.deleteSurroundingText(1, 0); // 删除光标前1个字符
break;
case 'Enter':
this.inputMethodAbility.commitText('\n', 1); // 插入换行符
break;
default:
this.inputMethodAbility.commitText(key, 1); // 插入普通字符
}
}
// keyboard_panel.ets
Column() {
// 键盘主体
Grid() { /* 按键布局 */ }
// 候选词栏
Row() {
ForEach(candidateWords, (word) => {
Text(word)
.margin(5)
.padding(8)
.backgroundColor('#F0F0F0')
.onClick(() => this.commitCandidate(word));
})
}.height(40).width('100%');
}
private commitCandidate(word: string) {
this.inputMethodAbility.commitText(word, word.length); // 提交候选词
}
import { inputMethod } from '@ohos.ime';
async function getInstalledImes() {
const imes = await inputMethod.getSetting().getInputMethods(true); // true=包含已启用
return imes.map(ime => ({
name: ime.displayName,
packageName: ime.packageName
}));
}
async function switchToDefaultIme() {
const imes = await getInstalledImes();
const defaultIme = imes.find(ime => ime.packageName === 'com.ohos.inputmethod');
if (defaultIme) {
try {
await inputMethod.switchInputMethod(defaultIme.packageName);
console.log('切换成功');
} catch (error) {
console.error('切换失败:', error.message);
}
}
}
inputMethod.on('currentInputMethodChanged', (newIme) => {
console.log('当前输入法:', newIme.displayName);
if (newIme.packageName === this.context.bundleName) {
// 激活自定义输入法时的逻辑
}
});
// 在Panel创建时获取屏幕高度
private initPanel() {
const windowHeight = this.context.resourceManager.getDeviceCapability().screenHeight;
this.panel = this.inputMethodAbility.createPanel((container) => {
Column().height(windowHeight * 0.2); // 占屏幕高度20%
});
}
this.inputMethodAbility.on('keyEvent', (event) => {
if (event.physicalKey) {
// 处理物理键盘按键(如Ctrl+Shift切换输入法)
if (event.keyCode === 50 && event.ctrlKey) { // Ctrl+Shift
this.switchToNextIme();
}
}
});
场景 | 优化方案 |
---|---|
按键卡顿 | 使用LazyForEach 延迟加载非可见按键 |
内存泄漏 | 严格在onDestroy 中解绑所有事件监听 |
多语言切换延迟 | 预加载不同语言的键盘布局数据 |
// module.json5
{
"extensionAbilities": [
{
"name": ".InputMethodService",
"type": "input_method",
"inputMethod": {
"description": "My Custom IME",
"icon": "$media:ime_icon",
"language": "zh_CN",
"inputType": ["text", "number"]
}
}
]
}
graph LR
A[应用首次启动] --> B[检测输入法未启用]
B --> C[跳转系统设置页面]
C --> D[用户手动启用输入法]
D --> E[返回应用,激活输入法]
onCreate
初始化窗口,onDestroy
彻底释放资源inputStart/Stop
控制键盘显隐,keyEvent
处理输入