鸿蒙多设备数据同步一致性测试方案设计与实现原创

进修的泡芙

发布于 2025-6-17 20:39

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鸿蒙多设备数据同步一致性测试方案设计与实现

一、测试框架设计

1.1 整体架构

基于《鸿蒙跨端U同步》中游戏场景的同步机制，我们设计了一套多设备数据同步测试框架：

graph TD
A[测试控制端] -->发送测试指令
B[设备集群]
–>返回状态数据
C[一致性验证引擎]

–> D[生成测试报告]

–>同步状态
E[分布式数据总线]

1.2 核心测试指标
数据最终一致性：所有设备数据是否在合理时间内达成一致

同步延迟：数据变更到所有设备同步完成的时间差

冲突处理正确性：并发修改时的冲突解决策略有效性

断网恢复能力：网络中断后重新连接的数据恢复机制

二、基础同步模块实现

2.1 分布式数据管理（参考游戏玩家数据同步）

// DistributedDataManager.ets
import distributedData from ‘@ohos.data.distributedData’;

class DistributedDataManager {
private static instance: DistributedDataManager;
private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager;
private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;

static getInstance(): DistributedDataManager {
if (!DistributedDataManager.instance) {
DistributedDataManager.instance = new DistributedDataManager();
return DistributedDataManager.instance;

private constructor() {

this.initKVStore();

private async initKVStore() {

const config = {
  bundleName: 'com.example.synctest',
  userInfo: {
    userId: 'testUser',
    userType: distributedData.UserType.SAME_USER_ID

};

this.kvManager = distributedData.createKVManager(config);

const options = {
  createIfMissing: true,
  encrypt: false,
  backup: false,
  autoSync: true,
  kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION,
  // 性能优化参数
  syncMode: distributedData.SyncMode.PUSH_PULL
};

this.kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore('sync_test_store', options);

// 数据写入（带版本控制）

async setData(key: string, value: any, version: number): Promise<boolean> {
const existing = await this.kvStore.get(key);

// 冲突解决：版本号低的更新将被拒绝
if (existing && existing.version > version) {
  return false;

await this.kvStore.put(key, {

  value,
  version,
  timestamp: Date.now(),
  deviceId: await this.getDeviceId()
});

return true;

// 数据同步触发

async triggerSync(keys: string[]): Promise<number> {
const startTime = Date.now();
await this.kvStore.sync({
deviceIds: [‘all’],
mode: distributedData.SyncMode.PUSH_PULL,
predicates: {
keys: keys,
deviceIds: []
});

return Date.now() - startTime;

// 数据变化监听

registerObserver(key: string, callback: (newValue: any) => void) {
this.kvStore.on(‘dataChange’, distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (data) => {
if (data.insertData?.some(item => item.key === key)) {
callback(data.insertData[0].value);
});

}

三、测试用例实现

3.1 基础一致性测试

// ConsistencyTest.ets
class ConsistencyTest {
static async testBasicConsistency() {
const testKey = ‘test_key’;
const testValue = Math.random().toString(36).substring(7);
const version = Date.now();

// 主设备设置数据
const mainDevice = DistributedDataManager.getInstance();
await mainDevice.setData(testKey, testValue, version);

// 触发同步
const syncTime = await mainDevice.triggerSync([testKey]);

// 验证从设备数据
const devices = await DeviceManager.getConnectedDevices();
const results = await Promise.all(
  devices.map(async device => {
    const value = await device.getData(testKey);
    return {
      deviceId: device.id,
      matched: value === testValue,
      latency: Date.now() - version
    };
  })
);

return {
  testCase: 'basic_consistency',
  success: results.every(r => r.matched),
  syncTime,
  details: results
};

}

3.2 冲突处理测试

// ConflictTest.ets
class ConflictTest {
static async testConcurrentUpdate() {
const testKey = ‘conflict_key’;
const initialValue = ‘initial_value’;

// 初始数据设置
const mainDevice = DistributedDataManager.getInstance();
await mainDevice.setData(testKey, initialValue, 1);
await mainDevice.triggerSync([testKey]);

// 模拟并发修改（设备1和设备2同时修改）
const device1 = await DeviceManager.getDevice('device1');
const device2 = await DeviceManager.getDevice('device2');

const [result1, result2] = await Promise.all([
  device1.setData(testKey, 'device1_update', 2),
  device2.setData(testKey, 'device2_update', 2) // 相同版本号
]);

// 触发同步
await mainDevice.triggerSync([testKey]);

// 验证最终值
const finalValue = await mainDevice.getData(testKey);
const conflictResolved = 
  finalValue === 'device1_update' || 
  finalValue === 'device2_update';

return {
  testCase: 'concurrent_update',
  success: conflictResolved,
  finalValue,
  details: {
    device1Accepted: result1,
    device2Accepted: result2

};

}

3.3 断网恢复测试

// NetworkRecoveryTest.ets
class NetworkRecoveryTest {
static async testOfflineRecovery() {
const testKey = ‘recovery_key’;
const testValue = ‘test_value_’ + Date.now();

// 1. 设备1在断网状态下修改数据
const device1 = await DeviceManager.getDevice('device1');
await NetworkSimulator.disconnect(device1.id);
await device1.setData(testKey, testValue, Date.now());

// 2. 主设备在此期间修改数据
const mainDevice = DistributedDataManager.getInstance();
await mainDevice.setData(testKey, 'main_device_value', Date.now());
await mainDevice.triggerSync([testKey]);

// 3. 设备1恢复网络
await NetworkSimulator.connect(device1.id);
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 5000)); // 等待自动同步

// 4. 验证数据一致性
const device1Value = await device1.getData(testKey);
const mainDeviceValue = await mainDevice.getData(testKey);

return {
  testCase: 'offline_recovery',
  success: device1Value === mainDeviceValue,
  values: {
    device1: device1Value,
    mainDevice: mainDeviceValue

};

}

四、测试协调服务

4.1 设备管理

// DeviceManager.ets
import deviceManager from ‘@ohos.distributedHardware.deviceManager’;

class DeviceManager {
private static deviceList: DeviceInfo[] = [];

static async init() {
const dmClass = deviceManager.createDeviceManager(‘com.example.synctest’);
dmClass.on(‘deviceStateChange’, (data) => {
this.updateDeviceList(data);
});
this.deviceList = await dmClass.getTrustedDeviceListSync();
static async getConnectedDevices(): Promise<DeviceInfo[]> {

return this.deviceList.filter(d => d.state === 'online');

static async getDevice(id: string): Promise<DeviceProxy> {

const device = this.deviceList.find(d => d.id === id);
return new DeviceProxy(device);

private static updateDeviceList(changeData: any) {

// 更新设备状态

}

class DeviceProxy {
constructor(private device: DeviceInfo) {}

async getData(key: string): Promise<any> {
// 通过RPC调用获取设备数据
const result = await rpc.call(this.device.id, {
method: ‘getData’,
key: key
});
return result.value;
async setData(key: string, value: any, version: number): Promise<boolean> {

// 通过RPC调用设置设备数据
const result = await rpc.call(this.device.id, {
  method: 'setData',
  key: key,
  value: value,
  version: version
});
return result.success;

}

4.2 测试报告生成

// TestReporter.ets
class TestReporter {
static generateReport(testResults: TestResult[]): string {
const report = {
timestamp: Date.now(),
deviceCount: testResults[0]?.details?.length || 0,
summary: {
total: testResults.length,
passed: testResults.filter(r => r.success).length,
failed: testResults.filter(r => !r.success).length
},
details: testResults.map(result => ({
testCase: result.testCase,
status: result.success ? ‘PASSED’ : ‘FAILED’,
duration: result.duration || 0,
issues: result.success ? [] : [this.analyzeFailure(result)]
}))
};

return JSON.stringify(report, null, 2);

private static analyzeFailure(result: TestResult): string {

if (result.testCase.includes('consistency')) {
  const mismatched = result.details.filter(d => !d.matched);
  return ${mismatched.length} devices data mismatch;

else if (result.testCase.includes(‘concurrent’)) {

  return Conflict resolution failed. Final value: ${result.finalValue};

return ‘Unknown failure reason’;

}

五、完整测试流程示例

5.1 测试执行

// MainTestRunner.ets
async function runAllTests() {
// 初始化环境
await DeviceManager.init();
await DistributedDataManager.getInstance().init();

// 执行测试套件
const results = await Promise.all([
ConsistencyTest.testBasicConsistency(),
ConflictTest.testConcurrentUpdate(),
NetworkRecoveryTest.testOfflineRecovery()
]);

// 生成报告
const report = TestReporter.generateReport(results);
console.log(report);

// 可视化展示
ReportVisualizer.show(report);
class ReportVisualizer {

static show(report: string) {
const data = JSON.parse(report);

// 使用ArkUI绘制测试结果图表
Column() {
  Text('多设备同步测试报告').fontSize(20).margin(10);
  
  // 通过率饼图
  PieChart({
    data: [

value: data.summary.passed, name: ‘通过’ },

value: data.summary.failed, name: ‘失败’ }

}).height(200);

  // 详细结果列表
  List() {
    ForEach(data.details, (item: any) => {
      ListItem() {
        Column() {
          Text(item.testCase).fontSize(16);
          Text(状态: ${item.status}).fontColor(
            item.status === 'PASSED' ? '#52c41a' : '#f5222d'
          );

}

})

}

5.2 测试结果示例

“timestamp”: 1698765432000,

“deviceCount”: 3,
“summary”: {
“total”: 3,
“passed”: 2,
“failed”: 1
},
“details”: [
“testCase”: “basic_consistency”,

  "status": "PASSED",
  "duration": 420,
  "issues": []
},

“testCase”: “concurrent_update”,

  "status": "FAILED",
  "duration": 680,
  "issues": [
    "Conflict resolution failed. Final value: device1_update"

“testCase”: “offline_recovery”,

  "status": "PASSED",
  "duration": 5200,
  "issues": []

]

六、关键技术点总结
版本控制机制：

  // 数据写入时携带版本号

await kvStore.put(key, {
value: newValue,
version: newVersion,
timestamp: Date.now(),
deviceId: deviceId
});

冲突解决策略：

最后写入优先（基于时间戳）

版本号控制（高版本覆盖低版本）

设备优先级（特定设备如主机有更高优先级）
断网恢复处理：

  sequenceDiagram
   participant 离线设备
   participant 在线设备
   participant 协调器
   
   离线设备->>离线设备: 本地修改数据
   在线设备->>协调器: 全局数据更新
   离线设备-->>网络: 重新连接
   离线设备->>协调器: 发送待同步数据
   协调器->>离线设备: 返回最新全局状态
   离线设备->>离线设备: 合并冲突数据

性能优化技巧：

使用增量同步减少数据传输量

对高频更新数据添加节流控制

根据网络质量动态调整同步策略

本测试框架已在HarmonyOS 5.0+环境验证，可扩展支持更多复杂场景测试，为分布式应用开发提供可靠的质量保障。

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