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鸿蒙跨设备相机拍照应用开发指南 原创
进修的泡芙
发布于 2025-6-18 22:07
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鸿蒙跨设备相机拍照应用开发指南
一、项目概述
本文将基于HarmonyOS开发一个跨设备相机拍照应用，实现调用系统相机拍照、保存照片以及多设备间照片同步功能。借鉴《鸿蒙跨端U同步》中的技术原理，我们将实现类似游戏中多设备玩家状态同步的机制，使拍摄的照片能够在多个设备间实时共享。
二、技术架构
±--------------------+ ±--------------------+
用户界面层 <-----> 数据同步服务
±--------------------+ ±--------------------+
±---------v----------+ ±---------v----------+
相机服务模块 分布式数据管理
±--------------------+ ±--------------------+
±---------v-----------------------------v----------+
HarmonyOS系统服务 |
±--------------------------------------------------+
三、核心代码实现
相机服务封装
public class CameraService {
private static final String TAG = “CameraService”;
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_CAMERA = 1001;
private final AbilitySlice slice;
private PhotoCaptureCallback captureCallback;
public CameraService(AbilitySlice slice) {
this.slice = slice;
// 启动相机拍照
public void takePhoto(PhotoCaptureCallback callback) {
this.captureCallback = callback;
Intent intent = new Intent();
Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
.withAction("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE")
.build();
intent.setOperation(operation);
slice.startAbilityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_CAMERA);
// 处理拍照结果
public void handleActivityResult(int requestCode, Intent intent) {
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_CAMERA && captureCallback != null) {
if (intent != null && intent.getData() != null) {
captureCallback.onPhotoCaptured(intent.getData());
else {
captureCallback.onCaptureFailed("拍照失败");
}
public interface PhotoCaptureCallback {
void onPhotoCaptured(Uri photoUri);
void onCaptureFailed(String error);
}
照片同步服务
public class PhotoSyncService {
private static final String TAG = “PhotoSyncService”;
private static final String SYNC_CHANNEL = “photo_sync”;
private static PhotoSyncService instance;
private final DistributedDataManager dataManager;
private final Map<String, PhotoSyncListener> listeners = new HashMap<>();
private PhotoSyncService(Context context) {
this.dataManager = DistributedDataManagerFactory.getInstance()
.createDistributedDataManager(context);
initDataListener();
public static synchronized PhotoSyncService getInstance(Context context) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new PhotoSyncService(context);
return instance;
private void initDataListener() {
dataManager.registerDataChangeListener(SYNC_CHANNEL, new DataChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onDataChanged(String deviceId, String key, String value) {
try {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject(value);
String photoId = json.getString("photoId");
String photoUri = json.getString("photoUri");
String deviceName = json.getString("deviceName");
if (!deviceId.equals(DistributedDeviceInfo.getLocalDeviceId())) {
PhotoSyncListener listener = listeners.get(photoId);
if (listener != null) {
listener.onPhotoSynced(photoId, photoUri, deviceName);
}
catch (JSONException e) {
HiLog.error(TAG, "解析照片数据失败");
}
});
// 同步照片到其他设备
public void syncPhoto(String photoId, String photoUri) {
try {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("photoId", photoId);
json.put("photoUri", photoUri);
json.put("deviceName", DistributedDeviceInfo.getLocalDeviceName());
json.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis());
dataManager.putString(SYNC_CHANNEL, json.toString());
catch (JSONException e) {
HiLog.error(TAG, "序列化照片数据失败");
}
public void registerListener(String photoId, PhotoSyncListener listener) {
listeners.put(photoId, listener);
public void unregisterListener(String photoId) {
listeners.remove(photoId);
public interface PhotoSyncListener {
void onPhotoSynced(String photoId, String photoUri, String fromDevice);
}
照片存储管理
public class PhotoStorage {
private static final String TAG = “PhotoStorage”;
private static final String PHOTO_DIR = “photos”;
private static PhotoStorage instance;
private final Context context;
private final File photoDirectory;
private PhotoStorage(Context context) {
this.context = context;
this.photoDirectory = new File(context.getExternalFilesDir(null), PHOTO_DIR);
if (!photoDirectory.exists()) {
photoDirectory.mkdirs();
}
public static synchronized PhotoStorage getInstance(Context context) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new PhotoStorage(context);
return instance;
// 保存照片到本地
public String savePhoto(Uri photoUri) throws IOException {
String photoId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
File destFile = new File(photoDirectory, photoId + ".jpg");
try (InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(photoUri);
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(destFile)) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
out.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
return photoId;
// 获取照片文件
public File getPhotoFile(String photoId) {
return new File(photoDirectory, photoId + ".jpg");
// 获取所有照片ID
public List<String> getAllPhotoIds() {
List<String> photoIds = new ArrayList<>();
File[] files = photoDirectory.listFiles((dir, name) -> name.endsWith(".jpg"));
if (files != null) {
for (File file : files) {
photoIds.add(file.getName().replace(".jpg", ""));
}
return photoIds;
}
拍照界面实现
public class CameraSlice extends AbilitySlice {
private static final String TAG = “CameraSlice”;
private CameraService cameraService;
private PhotoStorage photoStorage;
private PhotoSyncService syncService;
private Image photoPreview;
private Button takePhotoBtn;
private Button viewGalleryBtn;
private Text statusText;
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent) {
super.onStart(intent);
setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_camera_layout);
// 初始化服务
cameraService = new CameraService(this);
photoStorage = PhotoStorage.getInstance(this);
syncService = PhotoSyncService.getInstance(this);
// 获取UI组件
photoPreview = (Image) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_photo_preview);
takePhotoBtn = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_take_photo_btn);
viewGalleryBtn = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_view_gallery_btn);
statusText = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_status_text);
// 设置按钮事件
takePhotoBtn.setClickedListener(component -> takePhoto());
viewGalleryBtn.setClickedListener(component -> viewGallery());
private void takePhoto() {
cameraService.takePhoto(new CameraService.PhotoCaptureCallback() {
@Override
public void onPhotoCaptured(Uri photoUri) {
getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> {
try {
String photoId = photoStorage.savePhoto(photoUri);
File photoFile = photoStorage.getPhotoFile(photoId);
// 显示预览
PixelMap pixelMap = ImageUtils.getPixelMapFromFile(photoFile);
photoPreview.setPixelMap(pixelMap);
// 同步到其他设备
syncService.syncPhoto(photoId, photoFile.getAbsolutePath());
statusText.setText("照片已保存并同步");
catch (IOException e) {
statusText.setText("保存照片失败");
});
@Override
public void onCaptureFailed(String error) {
getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> {
statusText.setText(error);
});
});
private void viewGallery() {
Intent intent = new Intent();
Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
.withDeviceId("")
.withBundleName(getBundleName())
.withAbilityName("GalleryAbility")
.build();
intent.setOperation(operation);
startAbility(intent);
@Override
protected void onAbilityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent resultData) {
super.onAbilityResult(requestCode, resultCode, resultData);
cameraService.handleActivityResult(requestCode, resultData);
}
照片画廊界面
public class GallerySlice extends AbilitySlice {
private static final String TAG = “GallerySlice”;
private PhotoStorage photoStorage;
private ListContainer photoList;
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent) {
super.onStart(intent);
setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_gallery_layout);
photoStorage = PhotoStorage.getInstance(this);
photoList = (ListContainer) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_photo_list);
refreshPhotoList();
private void refreshPhotoList() {
List<String> photoIds = photoStorage.getAllPhotoIds();
photoList.setItemProvider(new PhotoListAdapter(photoIds, this));
private static class PhotoListAdapter extends BaseItemProvider {
private final List<String> photoIds;
private final AbilitySlice slice;
public PhotoListAdapter(List<String> photoIds, AbilitySlice slice) {
this.photoIds = photoIds;
this.slice = slice;
@Override
public int getCount() {
return photoIds.size();
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return photoIds.get(position);
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
@Override
public Component getComponent(int position, Component convertComponent, ComponentContainer parent) {
DirectionalLayout itemLayout = (DirectionalLayout) LayoutScatter.getInstance(slice)
.parse(ResourceTable.Layout_photo_item_layout, null, false);
String photoId = photoIds.get(position);
Image photoImage = (Image) itemLayout.findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_photo_image);
new Thread(() -> {
File photoFile = PhotoStorage.getInstance(slice).getPhotoFile(photoId);
PixelMap pixelMap = ImageUtils.getPixelMapFromFile(photoFile);
getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> {
photoImage.setPixelMap(pixelMap);
});
}).start();
itemLayout.setClickedListener(component -> {
Intent intent = new Intent();
Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
.withDeviceId("")
.withBundleName(slice.getBundleName())
.withAbilityName("PhotoViewAbility")
.build();
intent.setOperation(operation);
intent.setParam("photoId", photoId);
slice.startAbility(intent);
});
return itemLayout;
}
四、与游戏同步技术的结合点
状态同步机制：借鉴游戏中玩家状态同步方式，实现照片数据的跨设备同步
冲突解决策略：采用时间戳机制解决多设备同时修改的冲突
数据压缩传输：优化照片数据传输效率，类似游戏中资源同步
设备发现与管理：利用HarmonyOS分布式能力实现设备自动发现
五、项目扩展方向
照片编辑功能：添加滤镜、裁剪等编辑工具
智能分类：基于AI的照片自动分类
云存储集成：将照片备份到云端
共享相册：创建多人协作的共享相册
实时协作拍摄：多设备同时拍摄不同角度的照片
六、总结
本文实现的跨设备相机拍照应用具有以下特点：
完整的拍照、保存、浏览功能流程
基于HarmonyOS分布式能力的多设备同步
高效的照片存储和管理机制
借鉴游戏同步技术的可靠数据传输
良好的用户体验和界面设计
通过这个项目，开发者可以学习到如何将游戏中的同步技术应用于实际应用开发，充分利用HarmonyOS的分布式能力，构建真正意义上的跨设备协同应用。
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