鸿蒙智能家居控制面板UI开发与跨设备数据同步实战原创

进修的泡芙

发布于 2025-6-20 11:35

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鸿蒙智能家居控制面板UI开发与跨设备数据同步实战

一、项目概述

本文将结合鸿蒙5.0的原子化服务和分布式能力，开发一个支持多端同步的智能家居控制面板UI，并实现类似游戏场景中的跨设备用户数据同步功能。项目包含两个核心部分：
智能家居控制面板UI：基于ArkUI的声明式开发范式

跨设备数据同步：使用分布式数据管理实现多端用户信息同步

二、智能家居控制面板UI开发
原子化服务基础结构

// entry/src/main/ets/pages/Index.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct SmartHomePanel {
@State deviceList: Array<DeviceInfo> = [
id: 1, name: ‘客厅灯’, type: ‘light’, status: false },

id: 2, name: ‘空调’, type: ‘ac’, status: true, temperature: 26 },

id: 3, name: ‘窗帘’, type: ‘curtain’, status: false }

build() {

Column() {
  // 顶部用户信息区
  UserHeader()

  // 设备控制网格
  Grid() {
    ForEach(this.deviceList, (item: DeviceInfo) => {
      GridItem() {
        DeviceCard({ device: item })

})

.columnsTemplate(‘1fr 1fr’)

  .rowsTemplate('1fr 1fr')
  .height('60%')

}

设备卡片组件实现

@Component
struct DeviceCard {
@Prop device: DeviceInfo
@State localStatus: boolean = this.device.status

build() {
Column() {
Image(this.getDeviceIcon())
.width(60)
.height(60)

  Text(this.device.name)
    .fontSize(16)
    .margin({ top: 8 })
  
  if (this.device.type === 'ac') {
    TemperatureControl({ temp: this.device.temperature })

}

.onClick(() => {
  this.toggleDevice()
})

private toggleDevice() {

this.localStatus = !this.localStatus
// 实际设备控制逻辑
postDeviceStatus(this.device.id, this.localStatus)

}

三、跨设备数据同步实现
分布式数据管理初始化

首先在module.json5中添加权限：

“requestPermissions”: [
“name”: “ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC”

]

用户数据同步服务

// UserDataManager.ets
import distributedData from ‘@ohos.data.distributedData’;

export class UserDataManager {
private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager;
private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;
private readonly STORE_ID = ‘user_data_store’;
private readonly USER_KEY = ‘current_user’;

async initKVStore() {
const config = {
bundleName: ‘com.example.smarthome’,
userInfo: {
userId: ‘123’ // 实际应用中应使用真实用户ID
};

this.kvManager = await distributedData.createKVManager(config);
const options = {
  createIfMissing: true,
  encrypt: false,
  backup: false,
  autoSync: true,
  kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION
};

this.kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore(this.STORE_ID, options);
this.kvStore.on('dataChange', distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (data) => {
  this.handleDataChange(data);
});

async syncUserData(userData: UserData) {

try {
  await this.kvStore.put(this.USER_KEY, JSON.stringify(userData));
  await this.kvStore.setSyncParam(this.USER_KEY, true);

catch (err) {

  console.error(Sync user data failed: ${err});

}

private handleDataChange(data: distributedData.ChangeData[]) {
data.forEach((change) => {
if (change.key === this.USER_KEY) {
const userData = JSON.parse(change.value);
// 更新本地UI
AppStorage.setOrCreate(‘currentUser’, userData);
});

}

用户头像昵称同步UI组件

// UserHeader.ets
@Component
struct UserHeader {
@StorageLink(‘currentUser’) user: UserData

build() {
Row() {
Image(this.user.avatar)
.width(50)
.height(50)
.borderRadius(25)

  Column() {
    Text(this.user.nickname)
      .fontSize(18)
      .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
    
    Text(设备数: ${this.user.deviceCount})
      .fontSize(12)
      .opacity(0.7)

.margin({ left: 12 })

.width(‘100%’)

.padding(16)
.onClick(() => {
  router.pushUrl({ url: 'pages/UserProfile' })
})

}

四、跨设备游戏场景同步实现
游戏房间数据模型

interface GameRoom {
roomId: string;
players: Array<PlayerInfo>;
gameStatus: ‘waiting’ ‘playing’
‘ended’;
interface PlayerInfo {

deviceId: string;
nickname: string;
avatar: string;
score: number;

多设备玩家同步服务

// GameSyncService.ets
export class GameSyncService {
private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;
private readonly ROOM_KEY_PREFIX = ‘game_room_’;

async joinRoom(roomId: string, player: PlayerInfo) {
const roomKey = this.ROOM_KEY_PREFIX + roomId;
let roomData: GameRoom;

try {
  const data = await this.kvStore.get(roomKey);
  roomData = data ? JSON.parse(data) : { roomId, players: [], gameStatus: 'waiting' };
  
  // 更新玩家列表
  const existingIndex = roomData.players.findIndex(p => p.deviceId === player.deviceId);
  if (existingIndex >= 0) {
    roomData.players[existingIndex] = player;

else {

    roomData.players.push(player);

await this.kvStore.put(roomKey, JSON.stringify(roomData));

  await this.kvStore.setSyncParam(roomKey, true);

catch (err) {

  console.error(Join room failed: ${err});

}

async subscribeRoomChanges(roomId: string, callback: (room: GameRoom) => void) {
const roomKey = this.ROOM_KEY_PREFIX + roomId;
this.kvStore.on(‘dataChange’, distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (changes) => {
changes.forEach(change => {
if (change.key === roomKey) {
callback(JSON.parse(change.value));
});

});

}

游戏房间UI实现

// GameRoomPage.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct GameRoomPage {
@State room: GameRoom = { roomId: ‘’, players: [], gameStatus: ‘waiting’ };
private gameSyncService: GameSyncService = new GameSyncService();

aboutToAppear() {
const roomId = router.getParams()?.roomId;
if (roomId) {
this.gameSyncService.subscribeRoomChanges(roomId, (updatedRoom) => {
this.room = updatedRoom;
});
}

build() {
Column() {
// 房间状态显示
RoomStatusBar({ status: this.room.gameStatus })

  // 玩家列表
  List() {
    ForEach(this.room.players, (player) => {
      ListItem() {
        PlayerItem({ player })

})

.layoutWeight(1)

  // 操作按钮
  if (this.room.gameStatus === 'waiting') {
    Button('开始游戏')
      .onClick(() => this.startGame())

}

private startGame() {

// 更新房间状态逻辑

}

@Component
struct PlayerItem {
@Prop player: PlayerInfo

build() {
Row() {
Image(this.player.avatar)
.width(40)
.height(40)
.borderRadius(20)

  Text(this.player.nickname)
    .fontSize(16)
    .margin({ left: 12 })
  
  Text(分数: ${this.player.score})
    .fontSize(14)
    .opacity(0.7)
    .margin({ left: 12 })

.padding(12)

.width('100%')

}

五、项目优化与扩展
性能优化：

使用LazyForEach替代ForEach处理长列表

对频繁更新的数据添加防抖处理
安全增强：

  // 加密敏感数据

import cryptoFramework from ‘@ohos.security.cryptoFramework’;

async encryptData(data: string): Promise<string> {
const cipher = await cryptoFramework.createCipher(‘AES256ECB
PKCS7’);
// …加密实现

多设备适配：

  // 根据设备类型调整布局

@Builder
function adaptiveLayout() {
if (display.getDefaultDisplaySync().width >= 600) {
// 平板/PC布局
else {

   // 手机布局

}

六、总结

本文实现了：
基于ArkUI的智能家居控制面板开发

利用分布式数据管理实现用户信息跨设备同步

扩展游戏场景的多设备玩家数据同步方案

鸿蒙的分布式能力为多端协同提供了强大支持，开发者可以基于此模式轻松实现各种跨设备场景。实际开发中还需考虑网络状态处理、数据冲突解决等细节问题。
扩展学习：可进一步探索鸿蒙5.0的https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-guides/soft-bus-overview-0000000000063816和https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-guides/ability-component-call-0000000000063818实现更复杂的交互场景。

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