鸿蒙5 AR实时翻译字幕眼镜开发指南 原创

鸿蒙5 AR实时翻译字幕眼镜开发指南

一、项目概述

本文基于HarmonyOS 5的AR引擎和分布式NLP能力，开发一款实时翻译字幕眼镜，借鉴《鸿蒙跨端U同步》中游戏多设备同步的技术原理，实现语音识别、多语言翻译和AR字幕显示的跨设备协同系统。该系统包含智能眼镜、手机和云端服务三个组件，能够实时将周围语音转换为目标语言字幕并显示在AR眼镜上。

二、系统架构

±--------------------+ ±--------------------+ ±--------------------+
AR智能眼镜 <-----> 分布式数据总线 <-----> 手机/云端服务
(AR Glasses) (Distributed Bus) (Phone/Cloud)
±---------±---------+ ±---------±---------+ ±---------±---------+

±---------v----------+ ±---------v----------+ ±---------v----------+
AR渲染引擎 实时同步服务 NLP处理服务
(AR Engine) (Sync Service) (NLP Service)

±--------------------+ ±--------------------+ ±--------------------+

三、核心代码实现
翻译数据模型

// src/main/ets/model/TranslationModel.ts
export class TranslationData {
sessionId: string; // 会话ID
sourceText: string; // 源文本
sourceLang: string; // 源语言代码
targetText: string; // 目标文本
targetLang: string; // 目标语言代码
timestamp: number; // 时间戳
position?: { // AR显示位置(可选)
x: number;
y: number;
z: number;
};

constructor(sourceLang: string, targetLang: string) {
this.sessionId = this.generateSessionId();
this.sourceText = ‘’;
this.sourceLang = sourceLang;
this.targetText = ‘’;
this.targetLang = targetLang;
this.timestamp = Date.now();
private generateSessionId(): string {

return 'trans_' + Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 15);

setText(sourceText: string): void {

this.sourceText = sourceText;
this.timestamp = Date.now();

setTranslation(targetText: string): void {

this.targetText = targetText;
this.timestamp = Date.now();

setPosition(x: number, y: number, z: number): void {

this.position = { x, y, z };

toJson(): string {

return JSON.stringify({
  sessionId: this.sessionId,
  sourceText: this.sourceText,
  sourceLang: this.sourceLang,
  targetText: this.targetText,
  targetLang: this.targetLang,
  timestamp: this.timestamp,
  position: this.position
});

static fromJson(jsonStr: string): TranslationData {

const json = JSON.parse(jsonStr);
const data = new TranslationData(json.sourceLang, json.targetLang);
data.sessionId = json.sessionId;
data.sourceText = json.sourceText;
data.targetText = json.targetText;
data.timestamp = json.timestamp;
data.position = json.position;
return data;

}

分布式同步服务

// src/main/ets/service/DistributedSyncService.ts
import { distributedData } from ‘@ohos.data.distributedData’;
import { BusinessError } from ‘@ohos.base’;
import { TranslationData } from ‘…/model/TranslationModel’;
import { deviceManager } from ‘@ohos.distributedDeviceManager’;

export class DistributedSyncService {
private static instance: DistributedSyncService;
private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager;
private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;
private readonly STORE_ID = ‘translation_store’;
private readonly SYNC_KEY_PREFIX = ‘trans_’;
private subscribers: ((data: TranslationData) => void)[] = [];

private constructor() {
this.initDistributedData();
public static getInstance(): DistributedSyncService {

if (!DistributedSyncService.instance) {
  DistributedSyncService.instance = new DistributedSyncService();

return DistributedSyncService.instance;

private initDistributedData(): void {

const config: distributedData.KVManagerConfig = {
  bundleName: 'com.example.artranslator',
  userInfo: {
    userId: '0',
    userType: distributedData.UserType.SAME_USER_ID

};

try {
  distributedData.createKVManager(config, (err: BusinessError, manager: distributedData.KVManager) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(Failed to create KVManager. Code: {err.code}, message: {err.message});
      return;

this.kvManager = manager;

    const options: distributedData.Options = {
      createIfMissing: true,
      encrypt: true,
      backup: false,
      autoSync: true,
      kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION,
      schema: '',
      securityLevel: distributedData.SecurityLevel.S2
    };

    this.kvManager.getKVStore(this.STORE_ID, options, (err: BusinessError, store: distributedData.KVStore) => {
      if (err) {
        console.error(Failed to get KVStore. Code: {err.code}, message: {err.message});
        return;

this.kvStore = store;

      this.registerDataListener();
    });
  });

catch (e) {

  console.error(An unexpected error occurred. Code: {e.code}, message: {e.message});

}

private registerDataListener(): void {
try {
this.kvStore.on(‘dataChange’, distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (data: distributedData.ChangeData) => {
if (data.key.startsWith(this.SYNC_KEY_PREFIX)) {
const transData = TranslationData.fromJson(data.value.value as string);
this.notifySubscribers(transData);
});

catch (e) {

  console.error(Failed to register data listener. Code: {e.code}, message: {e.message});

}

public subscribe(callback: (data: TranslationData) => void): void {
this.subscribers.push(callback);
public unsubscribe(callback: (data: TranslationData) => void): void {

this.subscribers = this.subscribers.filter(sub => sub !== callback);

private notifySubscribers(data: TranslationData): void {

this.subscribers.forEach(callback => callback(data));

public syncTranslationData(data: TranslationData): void {

if (!this.kvStore) {
  console.error('KVStore is not initialized');
  return;

deviceManager.getLocalDeviceInfo((err: BusinessError, info) => {

  if (err) {
    console.error(Failed to get device info. Code: {err.code}, message: {err.message});
    return;

data.deviceId = info.deviceId;

  const key = this.SYNC_KEY_PREFIX + data.sessionId;

  try {
    this.kvStore.put(key, data.toJson(), (err: BusinessError) => {
      if (err) {
        console.error(Failed to put data. Code: {err.code}, message: {err.message});

});

catch (e) {

    console.error(An unexpected error occurred. Code: {e.code}, message: {e.message});

});

public async getTranslationHistory(): Promise<TranslationData[]> {

return new Promise((resolve) => {
  if (!this.kvStore) {
    resolve([]);
    return;

try {

    const query: distributedData.Query = {
      prefixKey: this.SYNC_KEY_PREFIX
    };

    this.kvStore.getEntries(query, (err: BusinessError, entries: distributedData.Entry[]) => {
      if (err) {
        console.error(Failed to get entries. Code: {err.code}, message: {err.message});
        resolve([]);
        return;

const history = entries.map(entry =>

        TranslationData.fromJson(entry.value.value as string)
      ).sort((a, b) => b.timestamp - a.timestamp);
      
      resolve(history);
    });

catch (e) {

    console.error(An unexpected error occurred. Code: {e.code}, message: {e.message});
    resolve([]);

});

}

AR渲染引擎

// src/main/ets/engine/AREngine.ts
import { TranslationData } from ‘…/model/TranslationModel’;
import { ar } from ‘@ohos.ar’;

export class AREngine {
private arSession: ar.Session | null = null;
private textNodes: Map<string, ar.Node> = new Map();
private currentSubtitle: string = ‘’;
private subtitlePosition: { x: number; y: number; z: number } = { x: 0, y: -0.3, z: 1 };

constructor() {
this.initARSession();
private initARSession(): void {

try {
  ar.createSession().then((session: ar.Session) => {
    this.arSession = session;
    this.arSession.configure({
      cameraConfig: {
        facingMode: ar.CameraFacingMode.CAMERA_FACING_BACK
      },
      planeDetectionMode: ar.PlaneDetectionMode.PLANE_DETECTION_DISABLED
    });
    this.arSession.run();
  });

catch (e) {

  console.error(Failed to initialize AR session. Code: {e.code}, message: {e.message});

}

public updateTranslation(data: TranslationData): void {
if (!this.arSession || !data.targetText) return;

// 更新当前字幕
this.currentSubtitle = data.targetText;

// 如果已有节点，先移除
const existingNode = this.textNodes.get(data.sessionId);
if (existingNode) {
  this.arSession.removeNode(existingNode);

// 创建新的AR文本节点

const textNode = this.arSession.createNode({
  type: ar.NodeType.TEXT,
  text: this.currentSubtitle,
  color: [1, 1, 1, 1], // 白色
  fontSize: 0.1,
  position: [this.subtitlePosition.x, this.subtitlePosition.y, this.subtitlePosition.z],
  scale: [1, 1, 1],
  alignment: ar.TextAlignment.CENTER
});

this.textNodes.set(data.sessionId, textNode);
this.arSession.addNode(textNode);

// 5秒后淡出字幕
setTimeout(() => {
  this.fadeOutText(data.sessionId);
}, 5000);

private fadeOutText(sessionId: string): void {

const textNode = this.textNodes.get(sessionId);
if (!textNode || !this.arSession) return;

// 创建淡出动画
const fadeAnim = this.arSession.createAnimation({
  duration: 1000,
  iterations: 1,
  autoPlay: true,
  onFinish: () => {
    this.arSession?.removeNode(textNode);
    this.textNodes.delete(sessionId);
  },
  keyframes: [

fraction: 0,

      value: [1, 1, 1, 1] // 初始透明度
    },

fraction: 1,

      value: [1, 1, 1, 0] // 完全透明

],

  animate: 'color'
});

textNode.animations = [fadeAnim];
fadeAnim.play();

public adjustSubtitlePosition(dx: number, dy: number): void {

this.subtitlePosition.x += dx;
this.subtitlePosition.y += dy;

// 更新所有现有文本位置
this.textNodes.forEach((node) => {
  node.position = [this.subtitlePosition.x, this.subtitlePosition.y, this.subtitlePosition.z];
});

public destroy(): void {

if (this.arSession) {
  this.arSession.stop();
  this.arSession = null;

this.textNodes.clear();

}

语音识别与翻译服务

// src/main/ets/service/NLPService.ts
import { TranslationData } from ‘…/model/TranslationModel’;
import { audio, AudioCapturer } from ‘@ohos.multimedia.audio’;
import { cloud } from ‘@ohos.cloud’;
import { BusinessError } from ‘@ohos.base’;

export class NLPService {
private audioCapturer: AudioCapturer | null = null;
private isCapturing: boolean = false;
private currentSession: TranslationData | null = null;
private arEngine: AREngine;
private syncService = DistributedSyncService.getInstance();

constructor(arEngine: AREngine) {
this.arEngine = arEngine;
this.initAudioCapturer();
private initAudioCapturer(): void {

const audioStreamInfo: audio.AudioStreamInfo = {
  samplingRate: audio.AudioSamplingRate.SAMPLE_RATE_16000,
  channels: audio.AudioChannel.CHANNEL_1,
  sampleFormat: audio.AudioSampleFormat.SAMPLE_FORMAT_S16LE,
  encodingType: audio.AudioEncodingType.ENCODING_TYPE_RAW
};

const audioCapturerInfo: audio.AudioCapturerInfo = {
  source: audio.SourceType.SOURCE_TYPE_MIC,
  capturerFlags: 0
};

audio.createAudioCapturer(audioCapturerInfo, (err: BusinessError, capturer: AudioCapturer) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(Failed to create audio capturer. Code: {err.code}, message: {err.message});
    return;

this.audioCapturer = capturer;

});

public startTranslation(sourceLang: string, targetLang: string): void {

if (!this.audioCapturer || this.isCapturing) return;

this.currentSession = new TranslationData(sourceLang, targetLang);
this.isCapturing = true;

this.audioCapturer.start((err: BusinessError) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(Failed to start audio capturer. Code: {err.code}, message: {err.message});
    return;

// 开始音频流处理

  this.processAudioStream();
});

public stopTranslation(): void {

if (!this.audioCapturer || !this.isCapturing) return;

this.isCapturing = false;
this.audioCapturer.stop((err: BusinessError) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(Failed to stop audio capturer. Code: {err.code}, message: {err.message});

});

private processAudioStream(): void {

if (!this.audioCapturer || !this.isCapturing) return;

const bufferSize = 16000 * 2; // 16kHz, 16bit, 1 channel
const audioBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(bufferSize);

this.audioCapturer.read(audioBuffer, (err: BusinessError, readBytes: number) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(Failed to read audio data. Code: {err.code}, message: {err.message});
    return;

if (readBytes > 0 && this.currentSession) {

    // 发送到云端语音识别服务
    this.cloudSpeechToText(audioBuffer.slice(0, readBytes))
      .then((text: string) => {
        this.currentSession?.setText(text);
        return this.cloudTranslate(text, this.currentSession.sourceLang, this.currentSession.targetLang);
      })
      .then((translatedText: string) => {
        if (this.currentSession) {
          this.currentSession.setTranslation(translatedText);
          this.syncService.syncTranslationData(this.currentSession);
          this.arEngine.updateTranslation(this.currentSession);

})

      .catch((e: BusinessError) => {
        console.error(NLP processing error. Code: {e.code}, message: {e.message});
      });

// 继续处理下一帧

  if (this.isCapturing) {
    setTimeout(() => this.processAudioStream(), 100);

});

private cloudSpeechToText(audioData: ArrayBuffer): Promise<string> {

return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  cloud.function.call({
    name: 'speechToText',
    data: {
      audio: Array.from(new Uint8Array(audioData)),
      format: 'wav',
      language: this.currentSession?.sourceLang || 'en-US'

}, (err: BusinessError, data: any) => {

    if (err) {
      reject(err);

else {

      resolve(data.text);

});

});

private cloudTranslate(text: string, sourceLang: string, targetLang: string): Promise<string> {

return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  cloud.function.call({
    name: 'translateText',
    data: {
      text: text,
      source: sourceLang,
      target: targetLang

}, (err: BusinessError, data: any) => {

    if (err) {
      reject(err);

else {

      resolve(data.translation);

});

});

}

AR眼镜主界面

// src/main/ets/pages/ARGlassesView.ets
import { TranslationData } from ‘…/model/TranslationModel’;
import { DistributedSyncService } from ‘…/service/DistributedSyncService’;
import { AREngine } from ‘…/engine/AREngine’;
import { NLPService } from ‘…/service/NLPService’;

@Entry
@Component
struct ARGlassesView {
@State sourceLang: string = ‘en-US’;
@State targetLang: string = ‘zh-CN’;
@State isTranslating: boolean = false;
@State lastTranslation: string = ‘’;
@State translationHistory: TranslationData[] = [];

private arEngine: AREngine = new AREngine();
private nlpService: NLPService = new NLPService(this.arEngine);
private syncService = DistributedSyncService.getInstance();

aboutToAppear(): void {
// 订阅翻译数据更新
this.syncService.subscribe(this.handleTranslationUpdate.bind(this));
aboutToDisappear(): void {

this.syncService.unsubscribe(this.handleTranslationUpdate.bind(this));
this.arEngine.destroy();

private handleTranslationUpdate(data: TranslationData): void {

this.lastTranslation = data.targetText;
this.translationHistory.unshift(data);
if (this.translationHistory.length > 10) {
  this.translationHistory.pop();

}

private toggleTranslation(): void {
if (this.isTranslating) {
this.nlpService.stopTranslation();
else {

  this.nlpService.startTranslation(this.sourceLang, this.targetLang);

this.isTranslating = !this.isTranslating;

private adjustSubtitlePosition(dx: number, dy: number): void {

this.arEngine.adjustSubtitlePosition(dx  0.01, dy  0.01);

build() {

Stack() {
  // AR视图背景
  XComponent({
    id: 'arView',
    type: 'surface',
    libraryname: 'libar.so'
  })
  .width('100%')
  .height('100%')
  
  // 控制面板
  Column() {
    Row() {
      Text(this.isTranslating ? '翻译中...' : '待机')
        .fontSize(16)
        .fontColor('#FFFFFF')
      
      Button(this.isTranslating ? '停止' : '开始')
        .margin({left: 20})
        .onClick(() => this.toggleTranslation())

.margin({bottom: 20})

    Text(最后翻译: ${this.lastTranslation})
      .fontSize(14)
      .fontColor('#FFFFFF')
      .margin({bottom: 10})
      .maxLines(2)
    
    // 字幕位置调整
    Row() {
      Button('上')
        .onClick(() => this.adjustSubtitlePosition(0, 0.1))
      Button('下')
        .margin({left: 10})
        .onClick(() => this.adjustSubtitlePosition(0, -0.1))
      Button('左')
        .margin({left: 10})
        .onClick(() => this.adjustSubtitlePosition(-0.1, 0))
      Button('右')
        .margin({left: 10})
        .onClick(() => this.adjustSubtitlePosition(0.1, 0))

.margin({top: 20})

.width(‘100%’)

  .padding(20)
  .position({ x: 0, y: 0 })

.width(‘100%’)

.height('100%')
.backgroundColor('#000000')

}

手机控制端界面

// src/main/ets/pages/PhoneController.ets
import { TranslationData } from ‘…/model/TranslationModel’;
import { DistributedSyncService } from ‘…/service/DistributedSyncService’;

@Entry
@Component
struct PhoneController {
@State sourceLang: string = ‘en-US’;
@State targetLang: string = ‘zh-CN’;
@State isTranslating: boolean = false;
@State translationHistory: TranslationData[] = [];

private syncService = DistributedSyncService.getInstance();

aboutToAppear(): void {
this.syncService.subscribe(this.handleTranslationUpdate.bind(this));
aboutToDisappear(): void {

this.syncService.unsubscribe(this.handleTranslationUpdate.bind(this));

private handleTranslationUpdate(data: TranslationData): void {

this.translationHistory.unshift(data);
if (this.translationHistory.length > 20) {
  this.translationHistory.pop();

}

private toggleTranslation(): void {
this.isTranslating = !this.isTranslating;
// 这里实际应该控制眼镜端的翻译启停
// 可以通过同步服务发送控制命令
this.syncService.syncTranslationData(new TranslationData(this.sourceLang, this.targetLang));
build() {

Column() {
  // 语言选择
  Row() {
    Text('源语言:')
    Select([

value: ‘en-US’, name: ‘英语’ },

value: ‘zh-CN’, name: ‘中文’ },

value: ‘ja-JP’, name: ‘日语’ },

value: ‘ko-KR’, name: ‘韩语’ },

value: ‘fr-FR’, name: ‘法语’ }

    ], this.sourceLang)
    .onSelect((index: number) => {
      this.sourceLang = ['en-US', 'zh-CN', 'ja-JP', 'ko-KR', 'fr-FR'][index];
    })
    
    Text('目标语言:')
    Select([

value: ‘en-US’, name: ‘英语’ },

value: ‘zh-CN’, name: ‘中文’ },

value: ‘ja-JP’, name: ‘日语’ },

value: ‘ko-KR’, name: ‘韩语’ },

value: ‘fr-FR’, name: ‘法语’ }

    ], this.targetLang)
    .onSelect((index: number) => {
      this.targetLang = ['en-US', 'zh-CN', 'ja-JP', 'ko-KR', 'fr-FR'][index];
    })

.padding(10)

  // 控制按钮
  Button(this.isTranslating ? '停止翻译' : '开始翻译')
    .width('80%')
    .height(60)
    .margin(20)
    .onClick(() => this.toggleTranslation())
  
  // 历史记录
  List({ space: 10 }) {
    ForEach(this.translationHistory, (item: TranslationData) => {
      ListItem() {
        Column() {
          Text(item.sourceText)
            .fontSize(16)
            .fontColor('#333333')
          
          Text(item.targetText)
            .fontSize(14)
            .fontColor('#666666')
            .margin({top: 5})
          
          Text(new Date(item.timestamp).toLocaleTimeString())
            .fontSize(12)
            .fontColor('#999999')
            .margin({top: 5})

.width(‘100%’)

        .padding(10)
        .borderRadius(10)
        .backgroundColor('#f5f5f5')

})

.width(‘100%’)

  .layoutWeight(1)

.width(‘100%’)

.height('100%')

}

四、与游戏同步技术的结合点
实时数据同步机制：借鉴游戏中玩家状态同步技术，实现毫秒级翻译数据同步

分布式设备发现：使用游戏中的设备发现机制自动连接眼镜和手机

数据压缩传输：采用游戏中的高效数据压缩算法，减少无线传输数据量

低延迟优化：应用游戏中的网络延迟优化策略，确保翻译实时性

多设备状态同步：类似游戏多设备状态同步，保持翻译设置一致

五、关键特性实现
多模态输入处理：

  // 结合语音和手势输入

import { gesture, GestureType } from ‘@ohos.multimodalInput’;

gesture.on(GestureType.PINCH, (event) => {
// 手势调整字幕大小
this.arEngine.adjustFontSize(event.scale);
});

上下文感知翻译：

  // 使用位置信息优化翻译

import { geolocation } from ‘@ohos.geolocation’;

geolocation.getCurrentLocation((err, location) => {
if (!err) {
this.cloudTranslateWithContext(text, sourceLang, targetLang, location);
});

离线模式支持：

  // 设备端轻量级翻译模型

import { nlp } from ‘@ohos.nlp’;

const offlineResult = nlp.translateOffline({
text: sourceText,
sourceLang: this.sourceLang,
targetLang: this.targetLang
});

隐私保护：

  // 敏感数据处理

import { cryptoFramework } from ‘@ohos.security.crypto’;

const cipher = cryptoFramework.createCipher(‘RSA|PKCS1’);
cipher.init(cryptoFramework.CryptoMode.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
cipher.update(audioData);
cipher.doFinal();

六、性能优化策略
音频流处理优化：

  // 使用Worker线程处理音频

const audioWorker = new worker.ThreadWorker(‘ets/workers/AudioWorker.ts’);
audioWorker.onmessage = (audioData: ArrayBuffer) => {
this.processAudioChunk(audioData);
};

AR渲染优化：

  // 动态调整渲染质量

if (battery.level < 20) {
this.arSession.configure({ quality: ar.QualityMode.LOW_POWER });

智能缓存策略：

  // 缓存常用翻译结果

const cached = TranslationCache.get(sourceText, sourceLang, targetLang);
if (cached) {
this.arEngine.updateTranslation(cached);
return;

差异化设备处理：

  // 根据设备能力调整功能

if (device.capabilities.arSupportLevel === ‘HIGH’) {
this.enableAdvancedARFeatures();

七、项目扩展方向
多语言会议系统：支持多人多语言实时翻译

学习模式：记录生词和翻译历史辅助语言学习

场景识别：结合场景优化翻译结果（餐厅、机场等）

AR交互翻译：通过手势选择现实物体进行翻译

社交分享：将有趣的翻译结果分享到社交平台

八、总结

本AR实时翻译字幕眼镜系统实现了以下核心功能：
实时语音识别和多语言翻译

AR眼镜上的字幕显示

手机端的远程控制和历史记录

多设备间的低延迟数据同步

隐私保护的云端协同处理

通过借鉴游戏中的多设备同步技术，我们构建了一个高效、实时的翻译系统。该项目展示了HarmonyOS分布式能力和AR技术在语言服务领域的创新应用，为开发者提供了实现多设备AR应用的参考方案。