鸿蒙5声波传文件工具开发实战：基于音频编码的跨设备数据传输原创

进修的泡芙

发布于 2025-6-20 14:51

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鸿蒙5声波传文件工具开发实战：基于音频编码的跨设备数据传输

一、项目概述与架构设计

本声波传文件工具基于鸿蒙5的音频处理能力和分布式技术实现，主要功能包括：
文件数据编码为音频信号

音频信号传输与接收

数据完整性校验

自适应传输速率控制

技术架构图

┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐
发送设备 │ │ 中继设备 │ │ 接收设备 │

┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │

│ 编码器 │─┼───▶│ │ 信号增强 │ │ │ │ 解码器 │ │

└────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │

└───────┬─────┘ └───────┬─────┘ └───────┬─────┘
│ │

    └─────────┬────────┴─────────┬────────┘

│

      ┌───────▼───────┐   ┌───────▼───────┐

分布式数据服务 │ │ 图像处理服务 │

      └───────────────┘   └───────────────┘

二、核心代码实现
音频编码服务

// AudioEncoderService.ets
import audio from ‘@ohos.multimedia.audio’;

export class AudioEncoderService {
private readonly BASE_FREQ = 17000;
private readonly DURATION = 0.1; // 每个符号持续时间(秒)

encodeData(data: Uint8Array): number[] {
// 添加前导码和校验码
const frame = this.createFrame(data);

// 转换为频域符号
return this.dataToSymbols(frame);

private createFrame(data: Uint8Array): number[] {

const preamble = [0x55, 0xAA]; // 前导码
const checksum = this.calculateChecksum(data);
return [...preamble, ...Array.from(data), checksum];

private dataToSymbols(data: number[]): number[] {

const symbols: number[] = [];
for (const byte of data) {
  for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    const bit = (byte >> (7 - i)) & 1;
    symbols.push(bit === 1 ? this.BASE_FREQ + 500 : this.BASE_FREQ - 500);

}

return symbols;

private calculateChecksum(data: Uint8Array): number {

let sum = 0;
for (const byte of data) {
  sum += byte;

return sum & 0xFF;

}

音频播放控制

// AudioPlayer.ets
export class AudioPlayer {
private audioContext: audio.AudioContext;

async init() {
this.audioContext = await audio.createAudioContext();
async playSymbols(symbols: number[]) {

const sampleRate = this.audioContext.sampleRate;
const buffer = this.generateAudioBuffer(symbols, sampleRate);

await this.audioContext.decodeAudioData(buffer);
await this.audioContext.play();

private generateAudioBuffer(symbols: number[], sampleRate: number): ArrayBuffer {

const samplesPerSymbol = Math.floor(sampleRate * this.DURATION);
const buffer = new ArrayBuffer(symbols.length  samplesPerSymbol  4);
const view = new DataView(buffer);

let offset = 0;
for (const freq of symbols) {
  for (let i = 0; i < samplesPerSymbol; i++) {
    const value = Math.sin(2  Math.PI  freq  i / sampleRate)  0.5;
    view.setFloat32(offset, value, true);
    offset += 4;

}

return buffer;

}

音频接收处理

// AudioReceiver.ets
export class AudioReceiver {
private readonly SAMPLE_RATE = 44100;
private readonly SYMBOL_LENGTH = Math.floor(this.SAMPLE_RATE * 0.1);

async processAudio(data: Float32Array): Promise<Uint8Array | null> {
// 分帧处理
const frames = this.splitFrames(data);

// 解码每帧
const decodedBytes: number[] = [];
for (const frame of frames) {
  const byte = this.decodeFrame(frame);
  if (byte !== null) decodedBytes.push(byte);

return decodedBytes.length > 0 ? new Uint8Array(decodedBytes) : null;

private splitFrames(data: Float32Array): Float32Array[] {

const frameCount = Math.floor(data.length / this.SYMBOL_LENGTH);
const frames: Float32Array[] = [];

for (let i = 0; i < frameCount; i++) {
  const start = i * this.SYMBOL_LENGTH;
  frames.push(data.slice(start, start + this.SYMBOL_LENGTH));

return frames;

private decodeFrame(frame: Float32Array): number | null {

const freq = this.detectFrequency(frame);
return freq > 17250 ? 1 : (freq < 16750 ? 0 : null);

private detectFrequency(frame: Float32Array): number {

// 实现FFT频率检测算法
const spectrum = this.computeFFT(frame);
return this.findPeakFrequency(spectrum);

}

三、关键技术创新点
自适应编码策略

// 环境自适应编码
private selectEncodingStrategy(environment: EnvironmentInfo): EncodingStrategy {
if (environment.noiseLevel > 0.7) {
return {
type: ‘robust’,
carrierFreq: 12000,
modulation: ‘fsk’,
errorCorrection: ‘reed-solomon’
};
else if (environment.distance > 5) {

return {
  type: 'long-range',
  carrierFreq: 8000,
  modulation: 'psk',
  errorCorrection: 'hamming'
};

else {

return {
  type: 'fast',
  carrierFreq: 18000,
  modulation: 'ook',
  errorCorrection: 'parity'
};

}

前向纠错编码

// 纠错编码器
class ErrorCorrectionEncoder {
private static readonly RS_PARAMS = { n: 255, k: 223 }; // Reed-Solomon参数

encodeWithFEC(data: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
const rs = new ReedSolomon(RS_PARAMS.n, RS_PARAMS.k);
const encoded = new Uint8Array(RS_PARAMS.n);

// 复制原始数据
encoded.set(data.slice(0, RS_PARAMS.k), 0);

// 计算校验位
rs.encode(encoded);

return encoded;

decodeWithFEC(data: Uint8Array): Uint8Array | null {

const rs = new ReedSolomon(RS_PARAMS.n, RS_PARAMS.k);
const corrected = new Uint8Array(data);

if (rs.decode(corrected) === 0) {
  return corrected.slice(0, RS_PARAMS.k);

return null;

}

分布式传输优化

// 分块传输管理器
class ChunkTransferManager {
async transferFile(fileUri: string, targetDevice: string) {
const fileInfo = await fileIO.stat(fileUri);
const chunkSize = this.calculateChunkSize(fileInfo.size);
const totalChunks = Math.ceil(fileInfo.size / chunkSize);

// 发送文件元数据
await this.kvStore.put(file_meta_${fileInfo.name}, JSON.stringify({
  name: fileInfo.name,
  size: fileInfo.size,
  chunks: totalChunks,
  targetDevice
}));

// 分块传输文件
for (let i = 0; i < totalChunks; i++) {
  const chunk = await fileIO.read(fileUri, {
    offset: i * chunkSize,
    length: chunkSize
  });
  
  await this.kvStore.put(file_chunk_{i}_{targetDevice}, chunk);

}

private calculateChunkSize(fileSize: number): number {
const baseSize = 1024 * 512; // 512KB基础块
return Math.min(baseSize, Math.max(1024, fileSize / 10));
}

四、完整UI组件实现
文件发送界面

// FileSenderPage.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct FileSenderPage {
@State selectedFile: FileInfo | null = null;
@State transferProgress = 0;
@State connectedDevices: DeviceInfo[] = [];

private transferService = new FileTransferService();

build() {
Column() {
// 文件选择区域
FileSelector({
onFileSelected: (file) => this.selectedFile = file
})

  // 设备列表
  DeviceList({
    devices: this.connectedDevices,
    onSelect: this.startTransfer.bind(this)
  })
  
  // 传输进度
  if (this.transferProgress > 0) {
    ProgressBar({
      value: this.transferProgress,
      total: this.selectedFile?.size || 100
    })

// 发送按钮

  Button('开始传输', { type: ButtonType.Capsule })
    .margin(20)
    .onClick(() => this.startTransfer())
    .disabled(!this.selectedFile)

}

private async startTransfer() {
if (!this.selectedFile) return;

this.transferProgress = 0;
const chunkSize = 512; // 512字节每块
const chunks = this.splitFile(this.selectedFile.data, chunkSize);

for (let i = 0; i < chunks.length; i++) {
  await this.audioService.encodeAndPlay(chunks[i]);
  this.transferProgress = (i + 1) * chunkSize;

}

文件接收界面

// FileReceiverPage.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct FileReceiverPage {
@State receivedFile: FileInfo | null = null;
@State isListening = false;

private audioService = new AudioDecoderService();

build() {
Column() {
if (this.receivedFile) {
FileInfoView({ file: this.receivedFile })
Button(this.isListening ? ‘停止接收’ : ‘开始监听’,

type: ButtonType.Capsule })

    .margin(20)
    .onClick(() => this.toggleListening())

}

private toggleListening() {
this.isListening = !this.isListening;

if (this.isListening) {
  this.audioService.startListening((data) => {
    this.processReceivedData(data);
  });

else {

  this.audioService.stopListening();

}

private processReceivedData(data: Uint8Array) {
// 处理接收到的数据块
this.fileAssembler.addChunk(data);

if (this.fileAssembler.isComplete()) {
  this.receivedFile = this.fileAssembler.getFile();

}

五、项目部署与测试
权限配置

在module.json5中添加：

“requestPermissions”: [
“name”: “ohos.permission.MICROPHONE”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.READ_MEDIA”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.WRITE_MEDIA”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC”

]

测试方案

// 编码解码测试
describe(‘AudioCodec’, () => {
it(‘should encode and decode data correctly’, async () => {
const encoder = new AudioEncoder();
const decoder = new AudioDecoder();

const testData = new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04]);
const encoded = encoder.encodeData(testData);
const decoded = decoder.decodeSignal(encoded);

expect(decoded).toEqual(testData);

});
});

// 文件传输测试
describe(‘FileTransfer’, () => {
it(‘should transfer file completely’, async () => {
const sender = new MockSenderDevice();
const receiver = new MockReceiverDevice();

const testFile = {
  name: 'test.txt',
  size: 1024,
  data: new Uint8Array(1024).fill(0xAA)
};

await sender.sendFile(testFile);
await receiver.waitForFile();

expect(receiver.receivedFile).toEqual(testFile);

});
});

六、总结与扩展

本方案实现了：
基于声波的数据编码传输系统

多设备协同传输机制

抗干扰信号处理能力

自适应编码策略

扩展方向：
添加加密传输功能

开发多文件批量传输

集成近场发现协议

支持后台持续传输

鸿蒙的音频处理能力与分布式技术的结合，为无网络环境下的数据传输提供了创新解决方案。开发者可基于此项目框架，探索更多声波通信的应用场景。

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