鸿蒙跨端智能家庭安防系统开发指南 原创

鸿蒙跨端智能家庭安防系统开发指南

一、系统架构设计

基于HarmonyOS的AI能力和分布式技术，构建智能家庭安防系统：
视频采集层：通过摄像头实时监控

行为分析层：使用AI模型检测异常行为

报警处理层：触发报警并通知用户

跨端同步层：多设备间同步监控状态和报警信息

!https://example.com/harmony-security-system-arch.png

二、核心代码实现
安防监控服务

// SecurityService.ets
import ai from ‘@ohos.ai’;
import camera from ‘@ohos.multimedia.camera’;
import distributedData from ‘@ohos.distributedData’;
import { SecurityEvent, AlertLevel } from ‘./SecurityTypes’;

class SecurityService {
private static instance: SecurityService = null;
private modelManager: ai.ModelManager;
private dataManager: distributedData.DataManager;
private alertListeners: AlertListener[] = [];
private currentAlerts: SecurityEvent[] = [];

private constructor() {
this.initModelManager();
this.initDataManager();
public static getInstance(): SecurityService {

if (!SecurityService.instance) {
  SecurityService.instance = new SecurityService();

return SecurityService.instance;

private initModelManager(): void {

try {
  this.modelManager = ai.createModelManager(getContext());
  
  // 加载行为识别模型
  this.modelManager.loadModel({
    modelName: 'behavior_detection',
    modelPath: 'resources/rawfile/behavior_detection.model',
    callback: (err, data) => {
      if (err) {
        console.error('加载行为模型失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

  });
  
  // 加载人脸识别模型
  this.modelManager.loadModel({
    modelName: 'face_recognition',
    modelPath: 'resources/rawfile/face_recognition.model',
    callback: (err, data) => {
      if (err) {
        console.error('加载人脸模型失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

  });

catch (err) {

  console.error('初始化模型管理器失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

private initDataManager(): void {
this.dataManager = distributedData.createDataManager({
bundleName: ‘com.example.security’,
area: distributedData.Area.GLOBAL,
isEncrypted: true
});

this.dataManager.registerDataListener('security_alert_sync', (data) => {
  this.handleSyncData(data);
});

public async requestPermissions(): Promise<boolean> {

try {
  const permissions = [
    'ohos.permission.USE_AI',
    'ohos.permission.CAMERA',
    'ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC',
    'ohos.permission.NOTIFICATION'
  ];
  
  const result = await abilityAccessCtrl.requestPermissionsFromUser(
    getContext(), 
    permissions
  );
  
  return result.grantedPermissions.length === permissions.length;

catch (err) {

  console.error('请求权限失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  return false;

}

public async startMonitoring(): Promise<void> {
try {
await cameraService.startPreview();

  // 开始分析视频流
  cameraService.setFrameCallback((frame) => {
    this.analyzeFrame(frame);
  });

catch (err) {

  console.error('启动监控失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  throw err;

}

public async stopMonitoring(): Promise<void> {
try {
await cameraService.stopPreview();
cameraService.setFrameCallback(null);
catch (err) {

  console.error('停止监控失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  throw err;

}

private async analyzeFrame(frame: ArrayBuffer): Promise<void> {
try {
const input = {
data: frame,
width: 224,
height: 224,
format: ‘RGB’
};

  // 检测异常行为
  const behaviorOutput = await this.modelManager.runModel({
    modelName: 'behavior_detection',
    input: input
  });
  
  // 识别已知人脸
  const faceOutput = await this.modelManager.runModel({
    modelName: 'face_recognition',
    input: input
  });
  
  // 检查是否有异常行为
  if (behaviorOutput.result.abnormal) {
    const event: SecurityEvent = {
      id: Date.now().toString(),
      type: behaviorOutput.result.type,
      confidence: behaviorOutput.result.confidence,
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      frame: frame,
      knownFace: faceOutput.result.known,
      alertLevel: this.determineAlertLevel(
        behaviorOutput.result.type,
        faceOutput.result.known
      )
    };
    
    this.handleSecurityEvent(event);

} catch (err) {

  console.error('分析视频帧失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

private determineAlertLevel(eventType: string, isKnownFace: boolean): AlertLevel {
const dangerousEvents = [‘intrusion’, ‘violence’, ‘weapon’];
const warningEvents = [‘loitering’, ‘unusual_movement’];

if (dangerousEvents.includes(eventType)) {
  return isKnownFace ? 'warning' : 'critical';

else if (warningEvents.includes(eventType)) {

  return isKnownFace ? 'info' : 'warning';

return ‘info’;

private handleSecurityEvent(event: SecurityEvent): void {

// 添加到当前警报列表
this.currentAlerts = [...this.currentAlerts, event];

// 触发警报
this.triggerAlert(event);

// 同步警报信息
this.syncAlert(event);

private triggerAlert(event: SecurityEvent): void {

// 发送本地通知
notification.publish({
  id: parseInt(event.id),
  content: {
    title: this.getAlertTitle(event.type),
    text: this.getAlertText(event.type),
    additionalText: 置信度: ${(event.confidence * 100).toFixed(1)}%,
    tapAction: {
      bundleName: 'com.example.security',
      abilityName: 'MainAbility'

}

});

// 通知监听器
this.notifyAlertListeners(event);

private getAlertTitle(eventType: string): string {

const titles = {
  'intrusion': '入侵检测',
  'violence': '暴力行为',
  'weapon': '武器检测',
  'loitering': '可疑徘徊',
  'unusual_movement': '异常行为'
};

return titles[eventType] || '安全警报';

private getAlertText(eventType: string): string {

const texts = {
  'intrusion': '检测到可能的入侵行为',
  'violence': '检测到可能的暴力行为',
  'weapon': '检测到可能的武器',
  'loitering': '检测到可疑人员在徘徊',
  'unusual_movement': '检测到异常行为'
};

return texts[eventType] || '检测到安全事件';

private syncAlert(event: SecurityEvent): void {

this.dataManager.syncData('security_alert_sync', {
  type: 'security_alert',
  data: event,
  timestamp: Date.now()
});

private handleSyncData(data: any): void {

if (!data || data.type !== 'security_alert') return;

this.currentAlerts = [...this.currentAlerts, data.data];
this.notifyAlertListeners(data.data);

private notifyAlertListeners(event: SecurityEvent): void {

this.alertListeners.forEach(listener => {
  listener.onAlertTriggered?.(event);
});

public async acknowledgeAlert(alertId: string): Promise<void> {

this.currentAlerts = this.currentAlerts.filter(alert => alert.id !== alertId);

this.dataManager.syncData('alert_ack', {
  type: 'alert_acknowledged',
  data: { alertId },
  timestamp: Date.now()
});

public addAlertListener(listener: AlertListener): void {

if (!this.alertListeners.includes(listener)) {
  this.alertListeners.push(listener);

}

public removeAlertListener(listener: AlertListener): void {
this.alertListeners = this.alertListeners.filter(l => l !== listener);
}

interface AlertListener {
onAlertTriggered?(event: SecurityEvent): void;
export const securityService = SecurityService.getInstance();

相机服务封装

// CameraService.ets
import camera from ‘@ohos.multimedia.camera’;
import image from ‘@ohos.multimedia.image’;

class CameraService {
private static instance: CameraService = null;
private cameraManager: camera.CameraManager;
private cameraInput: camera.CameraInput;
private previewOutput: camera.PreviewOutput;
private captureSession: camera.CaptureSession;
private frameCallback: (frame: ArrayBuffer) => void = null;

private constructor() {
this.initCamera();
public static getInstance(): CameraService {

if (!CameraService.instance) {
  CameraService.instance = new CameraService();

return CameraService.instance;

private initCamera(): void {

try {
  const context = getContext() as common.Context;
  this.cameraManager = camera.getCameraManager(context);
  
  // 获取摄像头
  const cameras = this.cameraManager.getSupportedCameras();
  const cameraDevice = cameras.find(cam => cam.position === camera.CameraPosition.BACK);
  
  if (!cameraDevice) {
    throw new Error('未找到摄像头');

// 创建相机输入

  this.cameraInput = this.cameraManager.createCameraInput(cameraDevice);
  
  // 创建预览输出
  const previewProfile = this.cameraManager.getSupportedOutputCapability(cameraDevice)
    .previewProfiles[0];
  
  this.previewOutput = this.cameraManager.createPreviewOutput(previewProfile);
  
  // 创建捕获会话
  this.captureSession = this.cameraManager.createCaptureSession();
  this.captureSession.beginConfig();
  this.captureSession.addInput(this.cameraInput);
  this.captureSession.addOutput(this.previewOutput);
  this.captureSession.commitConfig();

catch (err) {

  console.error('初始化相机失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

public async startPreview(surfaceId?: string): Promise<void> {
try {
if (surfaceId) {
await this.previewOutput.start(surfaceId);
await this.captureSession.start();

  // 开始捕获帧
  this.startFrameCapture();

catch (err) {

  console.error('启动预览失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  throw err;

}

public async stopPreview(): Promise<void> {
try {
await this.previewOutput.stop();
await this.captureSession.stop();

  // 停止捕获帧
  this.stopFrameCapture();

catch (err) {

  console.error('停止预览失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  throw err;

}

public setFrameCallback(callback: (frame: ArrayBuffer) => void): void {
this.frameCallback = callback;
private startFrameCapture(): void {

// 模拟帧捕获（实际应用中应使用真实相机帧）
this.frameInterval = setInterval(async () => {
  if (this.frameCallback) {
    try {
      const frame = await this.captureFrame();
      this.frameCallback(frame);

catch (err) {

      console.error('捕获帧失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

}, 1000 / 30); // 30fps

private stopFrameCapture(): void {

if (this.frameInterval) {
  clearInterval(this.frameInterval);
  this.frameInterval = null;

}

private async captureFrame(): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
// 模拟捕获帧（实际应用中应从相机获取真实帧）
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(new ArrayBuffer(224 224 3)); // RGB图像
}, 10);
});
public release(): void {

this.stopFrameCapture();
this.captureSession.stop();
this.cameraInput.release();
this.previewOutput.release();
this.captureSession.release();

}

export const cameraService = CameraService.getInstance();

主界面实现

// MainScreen.ets
import { securityService } from ‘./SecurityService’;
import { cameraService } from ‘./CameraService’;
import { SecurityEvent, AlertLevel } from ‘./SecurityTypes’;

@Component
export struct MainScreen {
@State hasPermission: boolean = false;
@State isMonitoring: boolean = false;
@State currentAlerts: SecurityEvent[] = [];
@State previewSurfaceId: string = ‘’;
@State showAlertDetails: boolean = false;
@State selectedAlert: SecurityEvent | null = null;

build() {
Column() {
// 标题栏
Row() {
Text(‘家庭安防’)
.fontSize(24)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.layoutWeight(1)

    Button(this.hasPermission ? (this.isMonitoring ? '停止' : '开始') : '授权')
      .width(100)
      .onClick(() => {
        if (this.hasPermission) {
          this.toggleMonitoring();

else {

          this.requestPermissions();

})

.padding(10)

  .width('100%')
  
  // 监控预览区域
  Stack() {
    if (this.hasPermission) {
      // 相机预览Surface
      Surface({
        id: this.previewSurfaceId,
        type: SurfaceType.SURFACE_TEXTURE,
        width: '100%',
        height: 300
      })
      .onAppear(() => {
        this.previewSurfaceId = preview_${Date.now()};
      })
      
      // 监控状态指示器
      Column() {
        if (this.isMonitoring) {
          Row() {
            Circle()
              .width(10)
              .height(10)
              .fillColor('#FF5252')
              .margin({ right: 5 })
            
            Text('监控中')
              .fontSize(16)
              .fontColor('#FF5252')

.padding(5)

          .backgroundColor('rgba(0,0,0,0.5)')
          .borderRadius(8)

}

      .position({ x: '50%', y: 10 })
      .margin({ left: -25 })

else {

      Column() {
        Text('需要权限')
          .fontSize(18)
          .margin({ bottom: 10 })
        
        Text('请点击右上角"授权"按钮，允许应用访问相机和AI功能')
          .fontSize(16)
          .fontColor('#666666')

.padding(20)

      .width('90%')
      .backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
      .borderRadius(8)
      .margin({ top: 50 })

}

  .width('100%')
  .height(300)
  .margin({ bottom: 20 })
  
  // 警报列表
  Column() {
    Text('安全警报')
      .fontSize(18)
      .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
      .margin({ bottom: 10 })
    
    if (this.currentAlerts.length === 0) {
      Column() {
        Text('暂无警报')
          .fontSize(16)
          .margin({ bottom: 5 })
        
        Text('系统检测到异常行为时会显示在这里')
          .fontSize(14)
          .fontColor('#666666')

.padding(20)

      .width('90%')
      .backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
      .borderRadius(8)

else {

      List({ space: 10 }) {
        ForEach(this.currentAlerts, (alert) => {
          ListItem() {
            Column() {
              Row() {
                Text(this.getAlertTitle(alert.type))
                  .fontSize(16)
                  .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
                  .layoutWeight(1)
                
                Text(this.formatTime(alert.timestamp))
                  .fontSize(14)
                  .fontColor('#666666')

.margin({ bottom: 5 })

              Row() {
                Text(this.getAlertLevelText(alert.alertLevel))
                  .fontSize(14)
                  .fontColor(this.getAlertLevelColor(alert.alertLevel))
                
                Text(置信度: ${(alert.confidence * 100).toFixed(1)}%)
                  .fontSize(14)
                  .fontColor('#666666')
                  .margin({ left: 20 })

}

            .padding(10)
            .width('100%')
            .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
            .borderRadius(8)
            .onClick(() => {
              this.selectedAlert = alert;
              this.showAlertDetails = true;
            })

})

.height(200)

}

  .width('100%')

.width(‘100%’)

.height('100%')
.padding(20)

// 警报详情对话框
if (this.showAlertDetails && this.selectedAlert) {
  DialogComponent({
    title: this.getAlertTitle(this.selectedAlert.type),
    content: this.buildAlertDetailContent(),
    confirm: {
      value: '确认',
      action: () => {
        this.acknowledgeAlert(this.selectedAlert!.id);
        this.showAlertDetails = false;

},

    cancel: {
      value: '取消',
      action: () => {
        this.showAlertDetails = false;

}

  })

}

private buildAlertDetailContent(): void {
Column() {
Image(this.selectedAlert!.frame)
.width(‘100%’)
.height(200)
.objectFit(ImageFit.Contain)
.margin({ bottom: 15 })

  Row() {
    Text('警报级别:')
      .fontSize(16)
      .margin({ right: 10 })
    
    Text(this.getAlertLevelText(this.selectedAlert!.alertLevel))
      .fontSize(16)
      .fontColor(this.getAlertLevelColor(this.selectedAlert!.alertLevel))

.margin({ bottom: 10 })

  Row() {
    Text('置信度:')
      .fontSize(16)
      .margin({ right: 10 })
    
    Text(${(this.selectedAlert!.confidence * 100).toFixed(1)}%)
      .fontSize(16)

.margin({ bottom: 10 })

  Row() {
    Text('时间:')
      .fontSize(16)
      .margin({ right: 10 })
    
    Text(this.formatDateTime(this.selectedAlert!.timestamp))
      .fontSize(16)

.margin({ bottom: 10 })

  if (this.selectedAlert!.knownFace) {
    Text('识别为已知人员')
      .fontSize(16)
      .fontColor('#4CAF50')

else {

    Text('未识别到已知人员')
      .fontSize(16)
      .fontColor('#F44336')

}

.padding(20)

private getAlertTitle(eventType: string): string {

const titles = {
  'intrusion': '入侵检测',
  'violence': '暴力行为',
  'weapon': '武器检测',
  'loitering': '可疑徘徊',
  'unusual_movement': '异常行为'
};

return titles[eventType] || '安全警报';

private getAlertLevelText(level: AlertLevel): string {

const texts = {
  'critical': '严重',
  'warning': '警告',
  'info': '信息'
};

return texts[level] || '信息';

private getAlertLevelColor(level: AlertLevel): string {

const colors = {
  'critical': '#F44336',
  'warning': '#FF9800',
  'info': '#2196F3'
};

return colors[level] || '#2196F3';

private formatTime(timestamp: number): string {

const date = new Date(timestamp);
return {date.getHours()}:{date.getMinutes().toString().padStart(2, '0')};

private formatDateTime(timestamp: number): string {

const date = new Date(timestamp);
return {date.getFullYear()}-{(date.getMonth() + 1).toString().padStart(2, '0')}-{date.getDate().toString().padStart(2, '0')} {date.getHours().toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${date.getMinutes().toString().padStart(2, '0')};

aboutToAppear() {

this.checkPermissions();
securityService.addAlertListener({
  onAlertTriggered: (event) => {
    this.handleAlertTriggered(event);

});

aboutToDisappear() {

securityService.removeAlertListener({
  onAlertTriggered: (event) => {
    this.handleAlertTriggered(event);

});

this.stopMonitoring();

private async checkPermissions(): Promise<void> {

try {
  const permissions = [
    'ohos.permission.USE_AI',
    'ohos.permission.CAMERA',
    'ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC',
    'ohos.permission.NOTIFICATION'
  ];
  
  const result = await abilityAccessCtrl.verifyPermissions(
    getContext(),
    permissions
  );
  
  this.hasPermission = result.every(perm => perm.granted);

catch (err) {

  console.error('检查权限失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  this.hasPermission = false;

}

private async requestPermissions(): Promise<void> {
this.hasPermission = await securityService.requestPermissions();

if (!this.hasPermission) {
  prompt.showToast({ message: '授权失败，无法使用安防功能' });

}

private async toggleMonitoring(): Promise<void> {
if (this.isMonitoring) {
await this.stopMonitoring();
else {

  await this.startMonitoring();

}

private async startMonitoring(): Promise<void> {
try {
await cameraService.startPreview(this.previewSurfaceId);
await securityService.startMonitoring();
this.isMonitoring = true;
catch (err) {

  console.error('启动监控失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  prompt.showToast({ message: '启动监控失败，请重试' });

}

private async stopMonitoring(): Promise<void> {
try {
await securityService.stopMonitoring();
await cameraService.stopPreview();
this.isMonitoring = false;
catch (err) {

  console.error('停止监控失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  prompt.showToast({ message: '停止监控失败，请重试' });

}

private handleAlertTriggered(event: SecurityEvent): void {
this.currentAlerts = [event, …this.currentAlerts];
private async acknowledgeAlert(alertId: string): Promise<void> {

await securityService.acknowledgeAlert(alertId);
this.currentAlerts = this.currentAlerts.filter(alert => alert.id !== alertId);

}

类型定义

// SecurityTypes.ets
export type AlertLevel = ‘critical’ ‘warning’
‘info’;

export interface SecurityEvent {
id: string;
type: string;
confidence: number;
timestamp: number;
frame: ArrayBuffer;
knownFace: boolean;
alertLevel: AlertLevel;

三、项目配置与权限
权限配置

// module.json5
“module”: {

"requestPermissions": [

“name”: “ohos.permission.USE_AI”,

    "reason": "使用AI模型检测异常行为"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.CAMERA”,

    "reason": "监控家庭环境"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC”,

    "reason": "同步警报信息"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.NOTIFICATION”,

    "reason": "发送安全警报"

],

"abilities": [

“name”: “MainAbility”,

    "type": "page",
    "visible": true
  },

“name”: “CameraAbility”,

    "type": "service",
    "backgroundModes": ["camera"]

]

}

四、总结与扩展

本家庭安防系统实现了以下核心功能：
实时监控：持续监控家庭环境

智能分析：检测入侵、暴力等异常行为

即时报警：发现异常立即通知用户

多设备协同：多终端同步接收警报

历史记录：保存所有安全事件记录

扩展方向：
人脸识别：识别家庭成员与陌生人

声音检测：检测异常声音（如玻璃破碎）

智能门锁联动：与智能门锁系统联动

区域监控：重点监控特定区域

报警等级自定义：根据需求调整报警等级

云存储：将监控录像备份到云端

通过HarmonyOS的分布式技术，我们构建了一个智能化的家庭安防系统，能够实时监测家庭安全状况并在发现异常时及时报警，同时支持多设备间的协同工作，为家庭安全提供全方位保障。