鸿蒙燃气泄漏监测系统开发指南 原创

鸿蒙燃气泄漏监测系统开发指南

一、系统架构设计

基于HarmonyOS的燃气监测系统采用四层架构：
感知层：电化学传感器阵列

分析层：浓度梯度分析与泄漏定位

控制层：联动设备控制

通信层：多设备报警与云端同步

!https://example.com/harmony-gas-detector-arch.png

二、核心代码实现
电化学传感器校准模块

// GasSensor.ets
import driver from ‘@ohos.driver’;
import sensor from ‘@ohos.sensor’;

class GasSensorManager {
private static instance: GasSensorManager = null;
private i2cDriver: driver.I2C;
private adcDriver: driver.ADC;
private calibrationData = {
baseline: 0,
sensitivity: 1.0,
lastCalibration: 0
};

// 传感器参数
private readonly SENSOR_ADDRESS = 0x55;
private readonly CALIBRATION_INTERVAL = 86400000; // 24小时校准一次

constructor() {
this.initDrivers();
this.startCalibrationTask();
public static getInstance(): GasSensorManager {

if (!GasSensorManager.instance) {
  GasSensorManager.instance = new GasSensorManager();

return GasSensorManager.instance;

private initDrivers(): void {

try {
  this.i2cDriver = driver.createI2C({
    bus: 'I2C_3',
    address: this.SENSOR_ADDRESS
  });
  
  this.adcDriver = driver.createADC({
    bus: 'ADC_1',
    channel: 2
  });

catch (err) {

  console.error('传感器驱动初始化失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

// 自动校准任务
private startCalibrationTask(): void {
timer.setInterval(() => {
this.performCalibration();
}, this.CALIBRATION_INTERVAL);
// 执行校准

public async performCalibration(): Promise<void> {
try {
// 1. 切换到校准模式
this.i2cDriver.writeRegister(0x01, 0xC5);

  // 2. 读取30秒基准值
  let sum = 0;
  let count = 0;
  const startTime = Date.now();
  
  while (Date.now() - startTime < 30000) {
    const value = this.adcDriver.read();
    sum += value;
    count++;
    await timer.sleep(100);

// 3. 计算基准值和灵敏度

  const baseline = sum / count;
  const sensitivity = this.calculateSensitivity(baseline);
  
  // 4. 保存校准数据
  this.calibrationData = {
    baseline,
    sensitivity,
    lastCalibration: Date.now()
  };
  
  // 5. 切换回正常模式
  this.i2cDriver.writeRegister(0x01, 0x00);
  
  console.log('传感器校准完成:', JSON.stringify(this.calibrationData));

catch (err) {

  console.error('校准失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

// 计算灵敏度
private calculateSensitivity(baseline: number): number {
// 使用已知浓度测试气体计算灵敏度
const testGasConcentration = 50; // ppm
const testGasReading = this.readRawValue();

return (testGasReading - baseline) / testGasConcentration;

// 读取原始值

private readRawValue(): number {
return this.adcDriver.read();
// 获取校准后的浓度值

public getConcentration(): number {
const rawValue = this.readRawValue();
return (rawValue - this.calibrationData.baseline) / this.calibrationData.sensitivity;
// 获取校准状态

public getCalibrationStatus(): any {
return {
…this.calibrationData,
nextCalibration: this.calibrationData.lastCalibration + this.CALIBRATION_INTERVAL
};
}

export const gasSensor = GasSensorManager.getInstance();

浓度梯度分析算法

// GasAnalyzer.ets
import { gasSensor } from ‘./GasSensor’;
import geometry from ‘@ohos.geometry’;

class GasAnalyzer {
private static instance: GasAnalyzer = null;
private sensorNodes = [
x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 }, // 节点1坐标

x: 5, y: 0, z: 0 }, // 节点2坐标

x: 0, y: 5, z: 0 }, // 节点3坐标

x: 0, y: 0, z: 2 } // 节点4坐标

];
private concentrationMap = new Map<number, number>();
private leakLocation: { x: number, y: number, z: number } | null = null;

constructor() {
this.initSensorNetwork();
public static getInstance(): GasAnalyzer {

if (!GasAnalyzer.instance) {
  GasAnalyzer.instance = new GasAnalyzer();

return GasAnalyzer.instance;

private initSensorNetwork(): void {

// 初始化传感器节点
this.sensorNodes.forEach((_, index) => {
  this.concentrationMap.set(index, 0);
});

// 启动定期采样
timer.setInterval(() => {
  this.updateConcentrations();
}, 1000);

// 更新各节点浓度值

private updateConcentrations(): void {
this.sensorNodes.forEach((_, index) => {
const concentration = gasSensor.getConcentration(index);
this.concentrationMap.set(index, concentration);
});

this.analyzeLeak();

// 分析泄漏位置

private analyzeLeak(): void {
const concentrations = Array.from(this.concentrationMap.values());

// 简单阈值检测
const threshold = 15; // ppm
if (concentrations.some(c => c > threshold)) {
  this.locateLeakSource();

else {

  this.leakLocation = null;

}

// 定位泄漏源
private locateLeakSource(): void {
// 使用加权平均法计算泄漏位置
let totalWeight = 0;
let x = 0, y = 0, z = 0;

this.sensorNodes.forEach((node, index) => {
  const weight = this.concentrationMap.get(index) || 0;
  totalWeight += weight;

+= node.x * weight;

+= node.y * weight;

+= node.z * weight;

});

if (totalWeight > 0) {
  this.leakLocation = {
    x: x / totalWeight,
    y: y / totalWeight,
    z: z / totalWeight
  };
  
  EventBus.emit('leakDetected', this.leakLocation);

}

// 获取泄漏位置
public getLeakLocation(): { x: number, y: number, z: number } | null {
return this.leakLocation;
// 获取浓度梯度

public getConcentrationGradient(): Array<{ x: number, y: number, z: number, value: number }> {
return this.sensorNodes.map((node, index) => ({
…node,
value: this.concentrationMap.get(index) || 0
}));
// 计算扩散速度

public calculateSpreadRate(): number {
const gradients = this.getConcentrationGradient();
const deltas = [];

for (let i = 0; i < gradients.length - 1; i++) {
  for (let j = i + 1; j < gradients.length; j++) {
    const dist = geometry.distance(gradients[i], gradients[j]);
    const delta = Math.abs(gradients[i].value - gradients[j].value);
    deltas.push(delta / dist);

}

return deltas.reduce((sum, val) => sum + val, 0) / deltas.length;

}

export const gasAnalyzer = GasAnalyzer.getInstance();

联动设备控制系统

// DeviceController.ets
import driver from ‘@ohos.driver’;
import powerManagement from ‘@ohos.powerManagement’;

class DeviceController {
private static instance: DeviceController = null;
private exhaustFan: driver.GPIO;
private alarmBuzzer: driver.PWM;
private windowMotor: driver.I2C;
private powerManager: powerManagement.PowerManager;

constructor() {
this.initDevices();
this.powerManager = powerManagement.createPowerManager();
public static getInstance(): DeviceController {

if (!DeviceController.instance) {
  DeviceController.instance = new DeviceController();

return DeviceController.instance;

private initDevices(): void {

try {
  // 排气扇控制
  this.exhaustFan = driver.createGPIO({
    bus: 'GPIO_4',
    direction: driver.GPIODirection.OUT
  });
  
  // 报警蜂鸣器
  this.alarmBuzzer = driver.createPWM({
    bus: 'PWM_1',
    period: 1000,
    duty: 0
  });
  
  // 窗户电机控制
  this.windowMotor = driver.createI2C({
    bus: 'I2C_2',
    address: 0x28
  });

catch (err) {

  console.error('设备初始化失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

// 控制排气扇
public controlExhaustFan(on: boolean): void {
this.exhaustFan.write(on ? 1 : 0);
EventBus.emit(‘fanStateChange’, on);
// 触发报警

public triggerAlarm(level: ‘warning’ | ‘critical’): void {
const powerMode = this.powerManager.getPowerMode();
const isPowerSave = powerMode === powerManagement.PowerMode.POWER_SAVE;

if (level === 'warning') {
  // 间歇性报警
  this.alarmBuzzer.setDuty(isPowerSave ? 30 : 50);
  timer.setInterval(() => {
    this.alarmBuzzer.enable();
    timer.setTimeout(() => this.alarmBuzzer.disable(), 500);
  }, 2000);

else {

  // 持续报警
  this.alarmBuzzer.setDuty(isPowerSave ? 70 : 100);
  this.alarmBuzzer.enable();

// 同步报警状态

distributedData.syncData('alarm_sync', {
  type: 'alarm_trigger',
  level,
  timestamp: Date.now()
});

// 停止报警

public stopAlarm(): void {
this.alarmBuzzer.disable();

// 同步报警状态
distributedData.syncData('alarm_sync', {
  type: 'alarm_stop',
  timestamp: Date.now()
});

// 打开窗户

public openWindows(): void {
this.windowMotor.write([0x01, 0x01]);
EventBus.emit(‘windowStateChange’, ‘open’);
// 关闭窗户

public closeWindows(): void {
this.windowMotor.write([0x01, 0x00]);
EventBus.emit(‘windowStateChange’, ‘closed’);
// 紧急处理流程

public emergencyProcedure(): void {
this.triggerAlarm(‘critical’);
this.controlExhaustFan(true);
this.openWindows();

// 通知其他设备
EventBus.emit('emergencyStarted');

// 恢复正常状态

public restoreNormal(): void {
this.stopAlarm();
this.controlExhaustFan(false);
this.closeWindows();

// 通知其他设备
EventBus.emit('emergencyEnded');

}

export const deviceController = DeviceController.getInstance();

主控制逻辑与多设备同步

// MainController.ets
import { gasSensor } from ‘./GasSensor’;
import { gasAnalyzer } from ‘./GasAnalyzer’;
import { deviceController } from ‘./DeviceController’;
import distributedData from ‘@ohos.distributedData’;

class MainController {
private static instance: MainController = null;
private dataManager: distributedData.DataManager;
private alarmStatus: ‘normal’ ‘warning’
‘critical’ = ‘normal’;
private lastLeakTime: number = 0;

constructor() {
this.dataManager = distributedData.createDataManager({
bundleName: ‘com.example.gasdetector’,
area: distributedData.Area.GLOBAL
});

this.initListeners();
this.startMonitoring();

public static getInstance(): MainController {

if (!MainController.instance) {
  MainController.instance = new MainController();

return MainController.instance;

private initListeners(): void {

// 监听泄漏事件
EventBus.on('leakDetected', (location) => {
  this.handleLeak(location);
});

// 监听远程报警
this.dataManager.registerDataListener('alarm_sync', (data) => {
  if (data?.type === 'alarm_trigger') {
    deviceController.triggerAlarm(data.level);

else if (data?.type === ‘alarm_stop’) {

    deviceController.stopAlarm();

});

// 监听设备状态变化
powerManagement.on('powerModeChange', (mode) => {
  this.adjustForPowerMode(mode);
});

private startMonitoring(): void {

// 每5秒检查一次燃气浓度
timer.setInterval(() => {
  const concentration = gasSensor.getConcentration();
  const spreadRate = gasAnalyzer.calculateSpreadRate();
  
  if (concentration > 20 || spreadRate > 5) {
    this.lastLeakTime = Date.now();
    gasAnalyzer.locateLeakSource();

}, 5000);

// 处理泄漏事件

private handleLeak(location: any): void {
const concentration = gasSensor.getConcentration();
const spreadRate = gasAnalyzer.calculateSpreadRate();

if (concentration > 100 || spreadRate > 10) {
  // 严重泄漏
  this.alarmStatus = 'critical';
  deviceController.emergencyProcedure();
  
  // 发送紧急通知
  this.sendEmergencyAlert();

else if (concentration > 30) {

  // 警告级别泄漏
  this.alarmStatus = 'warning';
  deviceController.triggerAlarm('warning');
  deviceController.controlExhaustFan(true);

}

// 发送紧急警报
private sendEmergencyAlert(): void {
const location = gasAnalyzer.getLeakLocation();
const concentration = gasSensor.getConcentration();

this.dataManager.syncData('emergency_alert', {
  type: 'gas_leak',
  level: 'critical',
  location,
  concentration,
  timestamp: Date.now()
});

// 根据电源模式调整策略

private adjustForPowerMode(mode: powerManagement.PowerMode): void {
if (mode === powerManagement.PowerMode.POWER_SAVE) {
// 省电模式减少采样频率
timer.clearInterval(this.monitorInterval);
this.monitorInterval = timer.setInterval(() => {
this.checkGasLevel();
}, 10000); // 10秒一次
else {

  // 正常模式恢复5秒检测
  timer.clearInterval(this.monitorInterval);
  this.monitorInterval = timer.setInterval(() => {
    this.checkGasLevel();
  }, 5000);

}

// 获取当前状态
public getStatus(): any {
return {
alarmStatus: this.alarmStatus,
lastLeakTime: this.lastLeakTime,
concentration: gasSensor.getConcentration(),
leakLocation: gasAnalyzer.getLeakLocation(),
devices: {
fan: deviceController.isFanOn(),
alarm: deviceController.isAlarmOn(),
windows: deviceController.getWindowState()
};

// 手动测试传感器

public runSelfTest(): boolean {
try {
gasSensor.performCalibration();
return gasAnalyzer.verifySensors();
catch (err) {

  console.error('自检失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  return false;

}

export const mainController = MainController.getInstance();

三、项目配置与权限

// module.json5
“module”: {

"requestPermissions": [

“name”: “ohos.permission.USE_GAS_SENSOR”,

    "reason": "检测燃气泄漏"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.CONTROL_HOME_DEVICES”,

    "reason": "控制排气扇和窗户"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC”,

    "reason": "同步报警状态"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.USE_DRIVER_I2C”,

    "reason": "控制传感器"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.USE_DRIVER_GPIO”,

    "reason": "控制继电器"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.SEND_EMERGENCY_ALERT”,

    "reason": "发送紧急警报"

],

"abilities": [

“name”: “MainAbility”,

    "type": "page",
    "backgroundModes": ["continuousTask"],
    "visible": true

]

}

四、总结与扩展

本燃气泄漏监测系统实现了三大核心技术：
精准检测：多传感器校准与梯度分析

智能联动：自动触发通风与报警系统

多端协同：分布式报警与状态同步

扩展方向：
AI预测：基于历史数据预测泄漏风险

可视化：3D展示气体扩散情况

智能关闭：自动关闭燃气阀门

语音播报：多语言报警提示

维护提醒：传感器寿命监测

集成消防：联动消防喷淋系统

通过HarmonyOS的分布式能力，该系统可以实现手机、智能音箱、中控屏等多设备的实时报警和状态同步，为家庭安全提供全方位保障。