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零基础学鸿蒙编程-UI控件_DependentLayout 原创 精华
蓝不蓝编程
发布于 2021-12-2 21:29
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什么是DependentLayout
DependentLayout又称依赖布局,是鸿蒙开发中几个常用的布局之一,使用频率最高.支持相对于父控件或同级兄弟控件进行定位.
基础样例
1. 相对父控件定位
效果图
代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DependentLayout
xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:height="match_parent"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:background_element="$media:beauty">
<Text
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:background_element="#000000"
ohos:padding="20vp"
ohos:text="左上"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
<Text
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:align_parent_end="true"
ohos:background_element="#000000"
ohos:padding="20vp"
ohos:text="右上"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
<Text
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:background_element="#000000"
ohos:center_in_parent="true"
ohos:padding="20vp"
ohos:text="正中间"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
<Text
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:align_parent_bottom="true"
ohos:background_element="#000000"
ohos:padding="20vp"
ohos:text="左下"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
<Text
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:align_parent_bottom="true"
ohos:align_parent_end="true"
ohos:background_element="#000000"
ohos:padding="20vp"
ohos:text="右下"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
</DependentLayout>
2. 相对同级兄弟控件对齐
设置本控件的一侧和目标控件(同级兄弟控件)的同侧对齐,如左侧对齐、右侧对齐.
效果图
代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DependentLayout
xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:height="match_parent"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:background_element="$media:beauty">
<Text
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:align_left="$id:center_text"
ohos:background_element="#000000"
ohos:text="左对齐"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
<Text
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:align_right="$id:center_text"
ohos:background_element="#000000"
ohos:text="右对齐"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
<Text
ohos:id="$+id:center_text"
ohos:height="200vp"
ohos:width="200vp"
ohos:background_element="#80000000"
ohos:center_in_parent="true"
ohos:text="正中间"
ohos:text_alignment="center"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
<Text
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:align_top="$id:center_text"
ohos:background_element="#000000"
ohos:text="上对齐"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
<Text
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:align_bottom="$id:center_text"
ohos:background_element="#000000"
ohos:text="下对齐"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
</DependentLayout>
完整源代码
https://gitee.com/hspbc/harmonyos_demos/tree/master/dependentLayoutDemo
常用属性说明
| 属性名 | 用途 |
|---|---|
| ohos:width | 设置控件宽度,可设置为:match_parent(和父控件一样),match_content(按照内容自动伸缩),设置固定值(如200vp) |
| ohos:height | 设置控件高度,可设置为:match_parent(和父控件一样),match_content(按照内容自动伸缩),设置固定值(如200vp) |
| ohos:layout_alignment | 在父控件内对齐方式,可选值：left：居左；start：居左；center：居中；right：居右；end：居右；top：居上；bottom：居下；horizontal_center：水平居中；vertical_center：垂直居中 |
| ohos:background_element | 设置背景,可以是色值(如#FF0000)或图片等 |
| ohos:visibility | 可选值: visible(显示), invisible(隐藏,但是仍占据UI空间),hide(隐藏,且不占UI空间) |
| ohos:above | 当前控件整体位于目标控件之上. |
| ohos:below | 当前控件整体位于目标控件之下. |
| ohos:align_left | 和目标控件左对齐. |
| ohos:align_start | 和目标控件左对齐. |
| ohos:align_right | 和目标控件右对齐. |
| ohos:align_end | 和目标控件右对齐. |
| ohos:align_top | 和目标控件上对齐. |
| ohos:align_bottom | 和目标控件下对齐. |
| ohos:center_in_parent | 设置是否在父控件中居中(横向和纵向). |
| ohos:align_parent_left | 设置是否和父控件左对齐. |
| ohos:align_parent_start | 设置是否和父控件左对齐. |
| ohos:align_parent_right | 设置是否和父控件右对齐. |
| ohos:align_parent_end | 设置是否和父控件右对齐. |
| ohos:align_parent_top | 设置是否和父控件上对齐. |
| ohos:align_parent_bottom | 设置是否和父控件下对齐. |
更多属性及实际效果,可以在开发工具里自行体验.
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