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#创作者激励# 音视频开发_获取媒体文件的详细信息 原创
DS小龙哥
发布于 2023-3-15 13:12
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一、前言
做音视频开发过程中，经常需要获取媒体文件的详细信息。
比如：获取视频文件的总时间、帧率、尺寸、码率等等信息。 获取音频文件的的总时间、帧率、码率，声道等信息。 这篇文章贴出2个我封装好的函数，直接调用就能获取媒体信息返回，copy过去就能使用，非常方便。
如果要获取详细信息，可以使用ffprobe实现，也可以调用ffmpeg函数直接打开视频解析获取。
下面会演示两种方式，一种直接调用 ffprobe.exe实现，一种是调用ffmpeg函数直接打开视频解析获取。
如果调用ffprobe.exe实现，可以编译ffmpeg源码，以静态方式编译ffprobe.exe，这样调用起来比较方便，不需要带任何的依赖库。
下面 调用ffprobe.exe以JSON形式输出媒体文件的详细信息。
ffprobe -v quiet -of json -i D:/123.mp4 -show_streams
执行之后直接通过JSON格式输出：
C:\Users\11266>ffprobe -v quiet -of json -i D:/123.mp4 -show_streams
{
"streams": [
{
"index": 0,
"codec_name": "aac",
"codec_long_name": "AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)",
"profile": "LC",
"codec_type": "audio",
"codec_time_base": "1/88200",
"codec_tag_string": "mp4a",
"codec_tag": "0x6134706d",
"sample_fmt": "fltp",
"sample_rate": "88200",
"channels": 2,
"channel_layout": "stereo",
"bits_per_sample": 0,
"r_frame_rate": "0/0",
"avg_frame_rate": "0/0",
"time_base": "1/44100",
"start_pts": 0,
"start_time": "0.000000",
"duration_ts": 4141046,
"duration": "93.901270",
"bit_rate": "127948",
"max_bit_rate": "132760",
"nb_frames": "4045",
"disposition": {
"default": 1,
"dub": 0,
"original": 0,
"comment": 0,
"lyrics": 0,
"karaoke": 0,
"forced": 0,
"hearing_impaired": 0,
"visual_impaired": 0,
"clean_effects": 0,
"attached_pic": 0,
"timed_thumbnails": 0
},
"tags": {
"creation_time": "2015-04-30T02:43:22.000000Z",
"language": "und",
"handler_name": "GPAC ISO Audio Handler"
}
},
{
"index": 1,
"codec_name": "h264",
"codec_long_name": "H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10",
"profile": "Main",
"codec_type": "video",
"codec_time_base": "2349/70450",
"codec_tag_string": "avc1",
"codec_tag": "0x31637661",
"width": 1280,
"height": 720,
"coded_width": 1280,
"coded_height": 720,
"has_b_frames": 0,
"sample_aspect_ratio": "1:1",
"display_aspect_ratio": "16:9",
"pix_fmt": "yuv420p",
"level": 51,
"chroma_location": "left",
"refs": 1,
"is_avc": "true",
"nal_length_size": "4",
"r_frame_rate": "25/1",
"avg_frame_rate": "35225/2349",
"time_base": "1/30000",
"start_pts": 0,
"start_time": "0.000000",
"duration_ts": 2816400,
"duration": "93.880000",
"bit_rate": "582474",
"bits_per_raw_sample": "8",
"nb_frames": "1409",
"disposition": {
"default": 1,
"dub": 0,
"original": 0,
"comment": 0,
"lyrics": 0,
"karaoke": 0,
"forced": 0,
"hearing_impaired": 0,
"visual_impaired": 0,
"clean_effects": 0,
"attached_pic": 0,
"timed_thumbnails": 0
},
"tags": {
"creation_time": "2015-04-30T02:43:23.000000Z",
"language": "und",
"handler_name": "GPAC ISO Video Handler"
}
}
]
}
如果只是想要得到 媒体的总时长、尺寸信息，那么执行下面命令即可：
C:\Users\11266>ffprobe -i D:/123.mp4
ffprobe version 4.2.2 Copyright (c) 2007-2019 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 9.2.1 (GCC) 20200122
configuration: --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-amf --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt
libavutil 56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
libavcodec 58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
libavformat 58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
libavdevice 58. 8.100 / 58. 8.100
libavfilter 7. 57.100 / 7. 57.100
libswscale 5. 5.100 / 5. 5.100
libswresample 3. 5.100 / 3. 5.100
libpostproc 55. 5.100 / 55. 5.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'D:/123.mp4':
Metadata:
major_brand : mp42
minor_version : 0
compatible_brands: mp42isom
creation_time : 2015-04-30T02:43:22.000000Z
Duration: 00:01:33.90, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 715 kb/s
Stream #0:0(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 88200 Hz, stereo, fltp, 127 kb/s (default)
Metadata:
creation_time : 2015-04-30T02:43:22.000000Z
handler_name : GPAC ISO Audio Handler
Stream #0:1(und): Video: h264 (Main) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1280x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 582 kb/s, 15 fps, 25 tbr, 30k tbn, 20000k tbc (default)
Metadata:
creation_time : 2015-04-30T02:43:23.000000Z
handler_name : GPAC ISO Video Handler
二、调用ffprobe获取媒体信息
下面利用Qt编写代码调用ffprobe可执行文件，解析媒体信息输出。
下面封装了2个函数，完整媒体信息的解析返回。
【1】获取尺寸和时长
//媒体信息
struct MEDIA_INFO
{
int width; //宽度
int height; //高度
qint64 duration;//视频总时长--毫秒
};
//获取视频的尺寸和总时间信息
struct MEDIA_INFO GetVideo_SizeInfo(QString file)
{
int w, h;
struct MEDIA_INFO info = {0,0,0};
//拼接ffmpge的路径
QString cmd = QString("%1 -i \"%2\"").arg(FFPROBE_NAME).arg(file);
QProcess process;
process.setProcessChannelMode(QProcess::MergedChannels);
process.start(cmd.toUtf8());
process.waitForFinished();
process.waitForReadyRead();
//qDebug() << "cmd:" << cmd;
if (process.exitCode() == 0)
{
log_printf(QString("Run Success"));
QString qba = process.readAll();
QByteArray utf8_str = qba.toUtf8();
// Match duration
QRegularExpression reDuration("Duration: (\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}\\.\\d{2})");
QRegularExpressionMatch matchDuration = reDuration.match(utf8_str);
if (matchDuration.hasMatch())
{
QString duration = matchDuration.captured(1);
// "00:06:37.15"
qDebug() << "视频总时间:" << duration;
int hour=duration.section(":", 0, 0).toInt();
int minute = duration.section(":", 1, 1).toInt();
int second = duration.section(":", 2, 3).section(".",0,0).toInt();
int ms = duration.section(":", 2, 3).section(".", 1, 1).toInt();
info.duration= hour * 60 * 60 *1000 + minute * 60 *1000 + second*1000 + ms;
}
else
{
qDebug() << "No duration match found.";
}
// Match resolution
QRegularExpression reResolution("\\d{3,4}x\\d{3,4}");
QRegularExpressionMatch matchResolution = reResolution.match(utf8_str);
if (matchResolution.hasMatch())
{
QString resolution = matchResolution.captured(0);
//qDebug() << "视频尺寸:" << resolution;
//qDebug() << "视频尺寸--w:" << resolution.section("x", 0, 0);
//qDebug() << "视频尺寸--h:" << resolution.section("x", 1, 1);
info.width = resolution.section("x", 0, 0).toInt();
info.height = resolution.section("x", 1, 1).toInt();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "No resolution match found.";
}
}
else
{
log_printf(QString("Run ERROR"));
return info;
}
return info;
}
【2】获取媒体详细并解析出来
// 定义用于存储解析结果的结构体
struct Stream {
int index;
QString codecName;
QString codecLongName;
QString profile;
QString codecType;
QString codecTimeBase;
QString codecTagString;
QString codecTag;
int width;
int height;
int codedWidth;
int codedHeight;
bool hasBFrames;
QString pixFmt;
int level;
QString colorRange;
QString colorSpace;
QString colorTransfer;
QString colorPrimaries;
QString chromaLocation;
int refs;
bool isAVC;
int nalLengthSize;
QString rFrameRate;
QString avgFrameRate;
QString timeBase;
qint64 startPts;
QString startTime;
qint64 durationTs;
QString duration;
int bitRate;
int bitsPerRawSample;
int nbFrames;
struct Disposition {
int defaultValue;
int dub;
int original;
int comment;
int lyrics;
int karaoke;
int forced;
int hearingImpaired;
int visualImpaired;
int cleanEffects;
int attachedPic;
int timedThumbnails;
} disposition;
struct Tags {
QString language;
QString handlerName;
} tags;
};
//解析存放媒体信息的JSON结构
QVector<Stream> DecodeMediaInfo(QString mediafile)
{
QByteArray byte_data=mediafile.toUtf8();
//获取媒体信息
QByteArray jsonStr = GetMediaInfo(byte_data.data());
// 将json字符串转换为json文档对象
QJsonDocument doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(jsonStr);
// 获取顶层json对象
QJsonObject topLevelObj = doc.object();
// 获取streams数组
QJsonArray streamsArray = topLevelObj.value("streams").toArray();
// 遍历streams数组，将每个元素转换为Stream结构体
QVector<Stream> streamVec;
for (const QJsonValue & streamValue : streamsArray) {
QJsonObject streamObj = streamValue.toObject();
// 创建新的Stream实例，并设置属性值
Stream stream;
stream.index = streamObj.value("index").toInt();
stream.codecName = streamObj.value("codec_name").toString();
stream.codecLongName = streamObj.value("codec_long_name").toString();
stream.profile = streamObj.value("profile").toString();
stream.codecType = streamObj.value("codec_type").toString();
stream.codecTimeBase = streamObj.value("codec_time_base").toString();
stream.codecTagString = streamObj.value("codec_tag_string").toString();
stream.codecTag = streamObj.value("codec_tag").toString();
stream.width = streamObj.value("width").toInt();
stream.height = streamObj.value("height").toInt();
stream.codedWidth = streamObj.value("coded_width").toInt();
stream.codedHeight = streamObj.value("coded_height").toInt();
stream.hasBFrames = streamObj.value("has_b_frames").toBool();
stream.pixFmt = streamObj.value("pix_fmt").toString();
stream.level = streamObj.value("level").toInt();
stream.colorRange = streamObj.value("color_range").toString();
stream.colorSpace = streamObj.value("color_space").toString();
stream.colorTransfer = streamObj.value("color_transfer").toString();
stream.colorPrimaries = streamObj.value("color_primaries").toString();
stream.chromaLocation = streamObj.value("chroma_location").toString();
stream.refs = streamObj.value("refs").toInt();
stream.isAVC = streamObj.value("is_avc").toBool();
stream.nalLengthSize = streamObj.value("nal_length_size").toInt();
stream.rFrameRate = streamObj.value("r_frame_rate").toString();
stream.avgFrameRate = streamObj.value("avg_frame_rate").toString();
stream.timeBase = streamObj.value("time_base").toString();
stream.startPts = streamObj.value("start_pts").toInt();
stream.startTime = streamObj.value("start_time").toString();
stream.durationTs = streamObj.value("duration_ts").toInt();
stream.duration = streamObj.value("duration").toString();
stream.bitRate = streamObj.value("bit_rate").toInt();
stream.bitsPerRawSample = streamObj.value("bits_per_raw_sample").toInt();
stream.nbFrames = streamObj.value("nb_frames").toInt();
// 解析disposition对象
QJsonObject dispositionObj = streamObj.value("disposition").toObject();
stream.disposition.defaultValue = dispositionObj.value("default").toInt();
stream.disposition.dub = dispositionObj.value("dub").toInt();
stream.disposition.original = dispositionObj.value("original").toInt();
stream.disposition.comment = dispositionObj.value("comment").toInt();
stream.disposition.lyrics = dispositionObj.value("lyrics").toInt();
stream.disposition.karaoke = dispositionObj.value("karaoke").toInt();
stream.disposition.forced = dispositionObj.value("forced").toInt();
stream.disposition.hearingImpaired = dispositionObj.value("hearing_impaired").toInt();
stream.disposition.visualImpaired = dispositionObj.value("visual_impaired").toInt();
stream.disposition.cleanEffects = dispositionObj.value("clean_effects").toInt();
stream.disposition.attachedPic = dispositionObj.value("attached_pic").toInt();
stream.disposition.timedThumbnails = dispositionObj.value("timed_thumbnails").toInt();
// 解析tags对象
QJsonObject tagsObj = streamObj.value("tags").toObject();
stream.tags.language = tagsObj.value("language").toString();
stream.tags.handlerName = tagsObj.value("handler_name").toString();
// 将Stream实例添加到vector中
streamVec.append(stream);
// 打印解析结果
for (const Stream & stream : streamVec) {
qDebug() << "Index:" << stream.index
<< "Codec Name:" << stream.codecName
<< "Codec Long Name:" << stream.codecLongName
<< "Profile:" << stream.profile
<< "Codec Type:" << stream.codecType
<< "Codec Time Base:" << stream.codecTimeBase
<< "Codec Tag String:" << stream.codecTagString
<< "Codec Tag:" << stream.codecTag
<< "Width:" << stream.width
<< "Height:" << stream.height
<< "Coded Width:" << stream.codedWidth
<< "Coded Height:" << stream.codedHeight
<< "Has B Frames:" << stream.hasBFrames
<< "Pixel Format:" << stream.pixFmt
<< "Level:" << stream.level
<< "Color Range:" << stream.colorRange
<< "Color Space:" << stream.colorSpace
<< "Color Transfer:" << stream.colorTransfer
<< "Color Primaries:" << stream.colorPrimaries
<< "Chroma Location:" << stream.chromaLocation
<< "Refs:" << stream.refs
<< "Is AVC:" << stream.isAVC
<< "NAL Length Size:" << stream.nalLengthSize
<< "R Frame Rate:" << stream.rFrameRate
<< "Avg Frame Rate:" << stream.avgFrameRate
<< "Time Base:" << stream.timeBase
<< "Start PTS:" << stream.startPts
<< "Start Time:" << stream.startTime
<< "Duration TS:" << stream.durationTs
<< "Duration:" << stream.duration
<< "Bitrate:" << stream.bitRate
<< "Bits per Raw Sample:" << stream.bitsPerRawSample
<< "Number of Frames:" << stream.nbFrames
<< "Disposition Default Value:" << stream.disposition.defaultValue
<< "Disposition Dub:" << stream.disposition.dub
<< "Disposition Original:" << stream.disposition.original
<< "Disposition Comment:" << stream.disposition.comment
<< "Disposition Lyrics:" << stream.disposition.lyrics
<< "Disposition Karaoke:" << stream.disposition.karaoke
<< "Disposition Forced:" << stream.disposition.forced
<< "Disposition Hearing Impaired:" << stream.disposition.hearingImpaired
<< "Disposition Visual Impaired:" << stream.disposition.visualImpaired
<< "Disposition Clean Effects:" << stream.disposition.cleanEffects
<< "Disposition Attached Pic:" << stream.disposition.attachedPic
<< "Disposition Timed Thumbnails:" << stream.disposition.timedThumbnails
<< "Tags Language:" << stream.tags.language
<< "Tags Handler Name:" << stream.tags.handlerName;
}
}
return streamVec;
}
三、调用ffmpeg函数获取媒体信息
如果在程序里不方便调用ffprobe.exe，那么也可以直接调用ffmpeg的函数，打开视频、音频解析媒体数据。
【1】获取视频信息
下面给出代码：
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavutil/dict.h>
int main()
{
AVFormatContext *format_ctx = NULL;
int ret;
// 打开视频文件
ret = avformat_open_input(&format_ctx, "video.mp4", NULL, NULL);
if (ret != 0) {
printf("无法打开视频文件\n");
return -1;
}
// 获取视频文件中每个流的详细信息
ret = avformat_find_stream_info(format_ctx, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("无法获取视频流信息\n");
return -1;
}
// 输出视频流的详细信息
for (int i = 0; i < format_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
AVStream *stream = format_ctx->streams[i];
AVCodecParameters *params = stream->codecpar;
AVRational time_base = stream->time_base;
printf("流%d：\n", i);
printf(" 时间基数：%d/%d\n", time_base.num, time_base.den);
printf(" 编码器ID：%d\n", params->codec_id);
printf(" 视频宽度：%d\n", params->width);
printf(" 视频高度：%d\n", params->height);
printf(" 帧率：%d/%d\n", stream->avg_frame_rate.num, stream->avg_frame_rate.den);
}
// 获取元数据（metadata）
AVDictionaryEntry *tag = NULL;
while ((tag = av_dict_get(format_ctx->metadata, "", tag, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
printf("%s=%s\n", tag->key, tag->value);
}
// 关闭输入文件
avformat_close_input(&format_ctx);
return 0;
}
这个代码片段可以在Linux或Windows操作系统上编译，并且需要在编译时链接FFmpeg库。
【2】获取视频、音频详细信息
#include <stdio.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = NULL;
AVDictionaryEntry *tag = NULL;
// 打开输入媒体文件
if (avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, argv[1], NULL, NULL) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open input file\n");
return -1;
}
// 获取媒体文件信息
if (avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find stream information\n");
avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);
return -1;
}
// 输出媒体文件信息
printf("File: %s\n", argv[1]);
printf("Format: %s\n", fmt_ctx->iformat->name);
printf("Duration: %lld seconds\n", fmt_ctx->duration / AV_TIME_BASE);
for (int i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
AVStream *stream = fmt_ctx->streams[i];
const char *type = "Unknown";
if (stream->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
type = "Video";
printf("\n%s Stream #%d:\n", type, i);
printf("Codec: %s\n", avcodec_get_name(stream->codecpar->codec_id));
printf("Resolution: %dx%d\n", stream->codecpar->width, stream->codecpar->height);
printf("Frame Rate: %.2f fps\n", av_q2d(stream->avg_frame_rate));
printf("Bit Rate: %lld kbps\n", stream->codecpar->bit_rate / 1000);
} else if (stream->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
type = "Audio";
printf("\n%s Stream #%d:\n", type, i);
printf("Codec: %s\n", avcodec_get_name(stream->codecpar->codec_id));
printf("Sample Rate: %d Hz\n", stream->codecpar->sample_rate);
printf("Channels: %d\n", stream->codecpar->channels);
printf("Bit Rate: %lld kbps\n", stream->codecpar->bit_rate / 1000);
}
// 输出流的元数据信息
while ((tag = av_dict_get(stream->metadata, "", tag, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
printf("%s=%s\n", tag->key, tag->value);
}
}
// 关闭输入媒体文件
avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);
return 0;
}
使用方法：
- 将示例代码保存为
ffprobe.c文件。 - 在命令行中进入该文件所在目录，执行以下命令进行编译：
gcc -o ffprobe ffprobe.c -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil
- 执行以下命令获取视频或音频文件的全部参数信息：
./ffprobe [input_file]
其中，[input_file]是输入的视频或音频文件路径。
例如，执行以下命令获取test.mp4视频文件的全部参数信息：
./ffprobe test.mp4
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