HarmonyOS Developer 常见组件开发指导

丶龙八夷

发布于 2023-3-25 21:20

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button开发指导

button是按钮组件，其类型包括胶囊按钮、圆形按钮、文本按钮、弧形按钮、下载按钮。具体用法请参考button API。

创建button组件

在pages/index目录下的hml文件中创建一个button组件。

<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">       
  <button  type="capsule" value="Capsule button"></button>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
}

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设置button类型

通过设置button的type属性来选择按钮类型，如定义button为圆形按钮、文本按钮等。

<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">    
  <button class="circle" type="circle" >+</button>
  <button class="text" type="text"> button</button>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container {  
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.circle {
  font-size: 120px;
  background-color: blue;
  radius: 72px;
}
.text {
  margin-top: 30px;
  text-color: white;
  font-size: 30px;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: blue;
  width: 50%;
  height: 100px;
}

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说明

button组件使用的icon图标如果来自云端路径，需要添加网络访问权限 ohos.permission.INTERNET。

如果需要添加ohos.permission.INTERNET权限，则在resources文件夹下的config.json文件里进行权限配置。

<!-- config.json -->
"module": {
  "reqPermissions": [{
    "name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET"
  }],
}

显示下载进度

为button组件添加progress方法，来实时显示下载进度条的进度。

<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
  <button class="button download" type="download" id="download-btn" onclick="setProgress">{{downloadText}}</button>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container { 
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;  
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.download {    
  width: 280px;
  text-color: white;
  background-color: #007dff;
}

// xxx.js
import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
export default {
  data: {
    percent: 0,
    downloadText: "Download",
    isPaused: true,
    intervalId : null,
  },
  start(){
    this.intervalId = setInterval(()=>{
      if(this.percent <100){
        this.percent += 1;
        this.downloadText = this.percent+ "%";
       } else{
         promptAction.showToast({
            message: "Download succeeded."
         })
         this.paused()
         this.downloadText = "Download";
         this.percent = 0;
         this.isPaused = true;
       }
    },100)
  },
  paused(){
    clearInterval(this.intervalId);
    this.intervalId = null;
  },
 setProgress(e) {
    if(this.isPaused){
      promptAction.showToast({
        message: "Started Downloading"
      })
      this.start();
      this.isPaused = false;
    }else{
      promptAction.showToast({
        message: "Paused."
      })
      this.paused();
      this.isPaused = true;
    }
  }
}

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说明

setProgress方法只支持button的类型为download。

场景示例

在本场景中，开发者可根据输入的文本内容进行button类型切换。

<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
  <div class="input-item">
    <input class="input-text" id="change" type="{{mytype}}"  placeholder="{{myholder}}" 
      style="background-color:{{mystyle1}};
      placeholder-color:{{mystyle2}};flex-grow:{{myflex}};"name="{{myname}}" value="{{myvalue}}"></input>
  </div>
  <div class="input-item">
    <div class="doc-row">
      <input type="button" class="select-button color-3" value="text" onclick="changetype3"></input>
      <input type="button" class="select-button color-3" value="data" onclick="changetype4"></input>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container {
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
}
.input-item {
  margin-bottom: 80px;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.doc-row {
  justify-content: center;
  margin-left: 30px;
  margin-right: 30px;
  justify-content: space-around;
}
.input-text {
  height: 80px;
  line-height: 80px;
  padding-left: 30px;
  padding-right: 30px;
  margin-left: 30px;
  margin-right: 30px;
  margin-top:100px;
  border: 3px solid;
  border-color: #999999;
  font-size: 30px;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.select-button {
  width: 35%;
  text-align: center;
  height: 70px;
  padding-top: 10px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  margin-top: 30px;
  font-size: 30px;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.color-3 {
  background-color: #0598db;;
}

// xxx.js
export default {
  data: {
    myflex: '',
    myholder: 'Enter text.',
    myname: '',
    mystyle1: "#ffffff",
    mystyle2: "#ff0000",
    mytype: 'text',
    myvalue: '',
  },
  onInit() {
  },
  changetype3() {
    this.myflex = '';
    this.myholder = 'Enter text.';
    this.myname = '';
    this.mystyle1 = "#ffffff";
    this.mystyle2 = "#FF0000";
    this.mytype = 'text';
    this.myvalue = '';
  },
  changetype4() {
    this.myflex = '';
    this.myholder = 'Enter a date.';
    this.myname = '';
    this.mystyle1 = "#ffffff";
    this.mystyle2 = "#FF0000";
    this.mytype = 'date';
    this.myvalue = '';
  },
}

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picker开发指导

picker是滑动选择器组件，类型支持普通选择器、日期选择器、时间选择器、时间日期选择器和多列文本选择器。具体用法请参考picker API。

创建picker组件

在pages/index目录下的hml文件中创建一个picker组件。

<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
  <picker>    picker  </picker>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%; 
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
}

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设置picker类型

通过设置picker的type属性来选择滑动选择器类型，如定义picker为日期选择器。

<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
  <picker id="picker_text" type="text" value="{{textvalue}}"range="{{rangetext}}" class="pickertext" ></picker>
  <picker id="picker_date" type="date" value="{{datevalue}}" lunarswitch="true" start="2002-2-5" end="2030-6-5" class="pickerdate"></picker>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
}
.pickertext{
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

// xxx.js
export default {
  data: {
    rangetext:['15', "20", "25"],
    textvalue:'Select text',
    datevalue:'Select date',
  }
}

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说明

普通选择器设置取值范围时，需要使用数据绑定的方式。

设置时间展现格式

picker的hours属性定义时间的展现格式，可选类型有12小时制和24小时制。

<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
  <picker id="picker_time" type="time" value="12-hour format" hours="12" onchange="timeonchange"  class="pickertime"></picker>
  <picker id="picker_time" type="time" value="24-hour format" hours="24" onchange="timeonchange"  class="pickertime"></picker>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
}
.pickertime {
  margin-bottom:50px;
  width: 300px;
  height: 50px;
}

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说明

hours属性为12：按照12小时制显示，用上午和下午进行区分；
hours属性为24：按照24小时制显示。

添加响应事件

对picker添加change和cancel事件，来对选择的内容进行确定和取消。

<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="container">
  <picker id="picker_multi" type="multi-text" value="{{multitextvalue}}" columns="3" range="{{multitext}}" selected="
     {{multitextselect}}" onchange="multitextonchange" oncancel="multitextoncancel" class="pickermuitl"></picker>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: #F1F3F5; 
}
.pickermuitl {
  margin-bottom:20px;
  width: 600px;
  height: 50px;
  font-size: 25px;
  letter-spacing:15px;
}

// xxx.js
import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
export default {
  data: {
    multitext:[["a", "b", "c"], ["e", "f", "g"], ["h", "i"]],
    multitextvalue:'Select multi-line text',
    multitextselect:[0,0,0],
  },
  multitextonchange(e) {
    this.multitextvalue=e.newValue;
    promptAction.showToast({ message:"Multi-column text changed to:" + e.newValue })
  },
  multitextoncancel() {
    promptAction.showToast({ message:"multitextoncancel" })
  },
}

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场景示例

在本场景中，开发者可以自定义填写当前的健康情况来进行打卡。

<!-- xxx.hml -->
<div class="doc-page">
  <text class="title">Health check-in</text>
  <div class="out-container">
    <text class="txt">Office:</text>
    <picker class="pick" focusable="true" type="text" value="{{pos}}" range="{{posarr}}" onchange="setPos"></picker>
  </div>
  <divider class="dvd"></divider>
  <div class="out-container">
    <text class="txt">Office hours:</text>
    <picker class="pick" type="date" value="{{datevalue}}"  start="2002-2-5" end="2030-6-5" selected="{{dateselect}}"
      lunarswitch="true" onchange="dateonchange"></picker>
  </div>
  <divider class="dvd"></divider>
  <div class="out-container">
    <text class="txt">Having fever or cold symptoms</text>
    <picker class="pick" type="text" value="{{yorn1}}" range="{{yesno}}" selected="1" onchange="isFever"></picker>
  </div>
  <divider class="dvd"></divider>
  <div class="out-container">
    <text class="txt">Close contact with someone with COVID-19</text>
    <picker class="pick" type="text" value="{{yorn2}}" range="{{yesno}}" selected="1" onchange="isTouch"></picker>
  </div>
  <div class="out-container">
    <button value="Submit" style="margin-top:100px;width:50%;font-color:#0000ff;height:80px" onclick="showtoast"></button>
  </div>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.doc-page {
  flex-direction: column;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
}
.title {
  margin-top: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  margin-left: 50px;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #0000ff;
  font-size: 38px;
}
.out-container {
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
}
.pick {
  width: 80%;
  height: 76px;
  border: 1px solid #0000ff;
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding-left: 12px;
}
.txt {
  width: 80%;
  font-size: 18px;
  text-align: left;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  margin-left: 12px;
}
.dvd {
  margin-top: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  margin-left: 80px;
  margin-right: 80px;
  color: #6495ED;
  stroke-width: 6px;
}

// xxx.js
import prompt from '@ohos.promptAction'
export default {
  data: {
    yorn1:'No',
    yorn2:'No',
    pos:'Home',
    yesno:['Yes', 'No'],
    posarr:['Home', 'Company'],
    datevalue:'Select time',
    datetimeselect:'2012-5-6-11-25',
    dateselect:'2021-9-17',
    showbuild:true
  },
  onInit() {
  },
  isFever(e) {
    this.yorn1 = e.newValue
  },
  isTouch(e) {
    this.yorn2 = e.newValue
  },
  setPos(e) {
    this.pos = e.newValue
    if (e.newValue === 'Non-research center') {
      this.showbuild = false
    } else {
      this.showbuild = true
    }
  },
  setbuild(e) {
    this.build = e.newValue
  },
  dateonchange(e) {
    e.month=e.month+1;
    this.datevalue = e.year + "-" + e.month + "-" + e.day;
    promptAction.showToast({ message:"date:"+e.year+"-"+e.month+"-"+e.day }) 
  },
  showtoast() {
    promptAction.showToast({
      message: 'Submitted.',
      duration: 2000,
      gravity: 'center'
    })
  }
}

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image开发指导

image是图片组件，用来渲染展示图片。具体用法请参考image API。

创建image组件

在pages/index目录下的hml文件中创建一个image组件。

<!-- index.hml -->
<div class="container">
  <image style="height: 30%;" src="common/images/bg-tv.jpg"> </image>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%; 
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
}

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设置image样式

通过设置width、height和object-fit属性定义图片的宽、高和缩放样式。

<!-- index.hml -->
<div class="container">
  <image src="common/images/bg-tv.jpg"> </image>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background-color:#F1F3F5;
}
image{
  width: 80%;  
  height: 500px;
  border: 5px solid saddlebrown;
  border-radius: 20px;
  object-fit: contain;
  match-text-direction:true;
}

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加载图片

图片成功加载时触发complete事件，返回加载的图源尺寸。加载失败则触发error事件，打印图片加载失败。

<!-- index.hml -->
<div class="container" >
  <div>
    <image src="common/images/bg-tv.jpg" oncomplete="imageComplete(1)" onerror="imageError(1)"> </image>
  </div>
  <div>
    <image src="common/images/bg-tv1.jpg" oncomplete="imageComplete(2)" onerror="imageError(2)"> </image>
  </div>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.container{
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-self: center;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
}
.container div{
  margin-left: 10%;
  width: 80%;
  height: 300px;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

// index.js
import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
export default {
  imageComplete(i,e){
    promptAction.showToast({
      message: "image "+i+"'s width"+ e.width+"----image "+i+"'s height"+e.height,
      duration: 3000,
    })
  },
  imageError(i,e){
    setTimeout(()=>{
      promptAction.showToast({
        message: "Failed to load image "+i+".",
        duration: 3000,
      })
    },3000)
  }
}

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场景示例

在本场景中，开发者长按图片后将慢慢隐藏图片，当完全隐藏后再重新显示原始图片。定时器setInterval每隔一段时间改变图片透明度,实现慢慢隐藏的效果，当透明度为0时清除定时器，设置透明度为1。

<!-- index.hml -->
<div class="page-container">
  <div class="content">
    <div class="image-container">
      <image class="testimage" src="{{testuri}}" style="opacity:{{imageopacity}};" onlongpress="changeopacity"> </image>
    </div>
    <div class="text-container">
      <text style="font-size: 37px;font-weight:bold;color:orange;text-align: center;width: 100%;">Touch and hold the image</text>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

/* xxx.css */
.page-container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  flex-direction:column;
  align-self: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background-color:#F1F3F5;
  background-color: #F1F3F5;
}
.content{
  flex-direction:column;
}
.image-container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 300px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.text-container {
  margin-top:50px;
  width: 100%;
  height: 60px;
  flex-direction: row;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.testimage {
  width: 100%;  height: 400px;   
  object-fit: scale-down;  
  border-radius: 20px;
}

// index.js
import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
export default {
  data: {
    testuri: 'common/images/bg-tv.jpg',
    imageopacity:1,
    timer: null
  },
  changeopacity: function () {
    promptAction.showToast({
      message: 'Touch and hold the image.'
    })
    var opval = this.imageopacity * 20
    clearInterval(this.timer);
    this.timer = setInterval(()=>{
      opval--;
      this.imageopacity = opval / 20
      if (opval===0) {
        clearInterval(this.timer)
        this.imageopacity = 1
      }
    },100);
  }
}

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