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自建 MongoDB 实践：MongoDB 的安装及基本使用
pivoteic
发布于 2023-7-10 16:03
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远程连接
刚才我们是以 localhost 的形式连接到该实例的，那么如何远程连接该实例呢？我们依然可以使用 mongo shell 或图形化的工具来连接。默认情况下，MongoDB 只监听了 127.0.0.1 的 27017 端口，我们需要修改一下配置，使其监听 10.20.20.19 地址。修改 /etc/mongod.conf，
net:
port: 27017
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,10.20.20.19 # Enter 0.0.0.0,:: to bind to all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses or, alternatively, use the net.bindIpAll setting.
修改完配置后，重启服务并验证端口是已监听：
(venv36) [root@mongo01 ~]# systemctl restart mongod(venv36) [root@mongo01 ~]# netstat -antup |grep 27017tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15549/mongod tcp 0 0 10.20.20.19:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15549/mongod
接下来我们看看如何使用 mongo shell 连接。
➜ mongodb-macos-x86_64-4.4.15 ./bin/mongo 10.20.20.19/admin -u tyun -p
MongoDB shell version v4.4.15
Enter password:
connecting to: mongodb://10.20.20.19:27017/admin?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("419bb64a-6ce8-4d4a-be54-b916f4a06ad2") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.15
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
> exit
bye
在服务端我们可以看下日志，由于日志是 JSON 格式，我们把它美化一下：
{
"t": {
"$date": "2022-07-29T06:06:16.551+00:00"
},
"s": "I",
"c": "NETWORK",
"id": 51800,
"ctx": "conn2",
"msg": "client metadata",
"attr": {
"remote": "192.168.100.134:58230",
"client": "conn2",
"doc": {
"application": {
"name": "MongoDB Shell"
},
"driver": {
"name": "MongoDB Internal Client",
"version": "4.4.15"
},
"os": {
"type": "Darwin",
"name": "Mac OS X",
"architecture": "x86_64",
"version": "21.5.0"
}
}
}
}
{
"t": {
"$date": "2022-07-29T06:06:16.612+00:00"
},
"s": "I",
"c": "ACCESS",
"id": 20250,
"ctx": "conn2",
"msg": "Authentication succeeded",
"attr": {
"mechanism": "SCRAM-SHA-256",
"speculative": true,
"principalName": "tyun",
"authenticationDatabase": "admin",
"remote": "192.168.100.134:58230",
"extraInfo": {}
}
}
远程命令行连接没有问题。我们再试试图形化工具是否可以正常连接。
这里推荐使用 MongoDB Compass 图形化管理工具（目前可以免费使用）：
首先新建连接：
之后就可以像下面这样使用了：
至此，一个基本可用的 MongoDB 实例算是安装及配置完成了。接下来的内容我们一起看下 MongoDB 如何使用。
常用操作
在介绍如何使用 MongoDB 之前，我们需要介绍一下如何创建库、用户及授权。
use 命令
use 命令类似于 MySQL 中的 use，不过还有点区别，如果数据库不存在，则创建。
# 语法为
> use <db_name>
# 一个例子
> use order
switched to db order
> db.orders.insert({name: "underwear", price: 20})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.orders.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62e764b8e62e3a8595db3641"), "name" : "underwear", "price" : 20 }
> db.orders.find().pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62e764b8e62e3a8595db3641"),
"name" : "underwear",
"price" : 20
}
这样就创建了一个名为 order 的库及名为 orders 的集合（表）并插入了一条文档。
show 命令
// 查看数据库，语法为：
show dbs or show databases
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
order 0.000GB
test 0.000GB
> show databases
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
order 0.000GB
test 0.000GB
// 查看结合，语法为：
show collections or show tables
> show collections
orders
> show tables
orders
// 查看用户
show users
> use admin
switched to db admin
> show users
{
"_id" : "admin.admin",
"userId" : UUID("5701b2b3-cb50-4c50-ba48-3deda0977a8f"),
"user" : "admin",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
},
{
"role" : "readWriteAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.tyun",
"userId" : UUID("c1051c23-23ca-48c7-81c4-34b0fe22a5c2"),
"user" : "tyun",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
},
{
"role" : "readWriteAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
}
// 查看角色
show roles
> show roles
{
"role" : "__queryableBackup",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "__system",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "backup",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "clusterAdmin",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "clusterManager",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "clusterMonitor",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "dbAdmin",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "dbAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "dbOwner",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "enableSharding",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "hostManager",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "readAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "readWriteAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "restore",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "userAdmin",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
查看当前数据库，直接使用 db 命令。
> db
test用户授权
// 创建数据库：
use test
db.customer.insert({id: 1, memo: "create database", cdate: new Date()})
// 创建用户（读写权限）：
> use admin
> db.createUser({user: "readerwriter", pwd: "writer123", roles: [{role: "readWrite", db: "test"}]});
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "readerwriter",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
// 创建用户（对 test 库有只读权限）：
> use admin
> db.createUser({user: "reader", pwd: "reader123", roles: [{role: "read", db: "test"}]})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "reader",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
我们退出当前 mongo shell，然后以 reader 用户登录到 MongoDB 中，
> exit
bye
[root@mongo01 ~]# mongo --authenticationDatabase "admin" -u "reader" -p
MongoDB shell version v4.4.15
Enter password:
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?authSource=admin&compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("4fc423cf-d502-4511-bc2f-fdb4d452b45d") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.15
> show dbs
test 0.000GB
> show tables
customer
inventory
oscars
接着我们插入一条数据进行验证：
> db.customer.insert({id: 2, "memo": "i can insert doc?", "cdate": new Date()})
WriteCommandError({
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"customer\", ordered: true, lsid: { id: UUID(\"4fc423cf-d502-4511-bc2f-fdb4d452b45d\") }, $db: \"test\" }",
"code" : 13,
"codeName" : "Unauthorized"
})
接着我们验证 readerwriter 用户，
> exit
bye
[root@mongo01 ~]# mongo --authenticationDatabase "admin" -u "readerwriter" -p
MongoDB shell version v4.4.15
Enter password:
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?authSource=admin&compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("46071731-410c-4b26-a3f7-b5ef36186e21") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.15
> show dbs
test 0.000GB
> use test
switched to db test
> show tables
customer
inventory
oscars
// 插入一条文档
> db.customer.insert({id: 2, "memo": "i can insert doc?", "cdate": new Date()})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
// 查看文档
> db.customer.find().pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62e76836e62e3a8595db3642"),
"id" : 1,
"memo" : "create database",
"cdate" : ISODate("2022-08-01T05:44:22.024Z")
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62e76b041abf99a6e2870558"),
"id" : 2,
"memo" : "i can insert doc?",
"cdate" : ISODate("2022-08-01T05:56:20.410Z")
}
// 删除一条文档
> db.customer.deleteOne({id: 2})
{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 1 }
> db.customer.find().pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62e76836e62e3a8595db3642"),
"id" : 1,
"memo" : "create database",
"cdate" : ISODate("2022-08-01T05:44:22.024Z")
}删除用户
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.runCommand({dropUser: "reader"})
{ "ok" : 1 }总结
好了，今天就为大家介绍这么多。主要是 MongoDB 的一些安装配置及基本操作、介绍了图形化管理工具、远程连接、简单的用户授权等。后面的章节会继续为大家介绍相关的其他话题，请大家继续关注，别走开。
文章转载自公众号：新钛云服
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已于2023-7-10 16:03:02修改
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