遇到MapStruct后，再也不手写PO，DTO，VO对象之间的转换了

我欲只争朝夕

发布于 2023-10-18 11:42

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介绍

在工作中，我们经常要进行各种对象之间的转换。

PO：persistent object 持久对象，对应数据库中的一条记录VO：view object 表现层对象，最终返回给前端的对象DTO：data transfer object数据传输对象，如dubbo服务之间传输的对象

如果这些对象的属性名相同还好，可以用如下工具类赋值

Spring BeanUtils Cglib BeanCopier 避免使用Apache BeanUtils，性能较差

如果属性名不同呢？如果是将多个PO对象合并成一个VO对象呢？好在有MapStruct神器，可以帮助我们快速转换

在pom文件中加入如下依赖即可

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
    <artifactId>mapstruct-jdk8</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.0.CR1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
    <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.0.CR1</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>1.
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对象互转

@Data
@Builder
public class StudentPO {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String className;
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@Data
public class StudentVO {

    private Integer id;
    private String studentName;
    private Integer studentAge;
    private String schoolName;
}1.
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@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper {

    StudentMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);

    @Mappings({
            @Mapping(source = "name", target = "studentName"),
            @Mapping(source = "age", target = "studentAge")
    })
    StudentVO po2Vo(StudentPO studentPO);
}1.
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新建一个Mapper接口，上面加上@Mapper注解
新建一个成员变量INSTANCE
用@Mapping注解指定映射关系，名字相同的就不用再指定了，会自动映射

测试效果如下，名字不同且没有指定映射关系的会被设置为null

@Test
public void studentPo2Vo() {
    StudentPO studentPO = StudentPO.builder().id(10).name("test")
            .age(24).className("教室名").build();
    StudentVO studentVO = StudentMapper.INSTANCE.po2Vo(studentPO);
    // StudentVO(id=10, studentName=test, studentAge=24, schoolName=null)
    System.out.println(studentVO);
}1.
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List互转

@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper {

    StudentMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);

    @Mappings({
            @Mapping(source = "name", target = "studentName"),
            @Mapping(source = "age", target = "studentAge")
    })
    StudentVO po2Vo(StudentPO studentPO);

    List<StudentVO> poList2VoList(List<StudentPO> studentPO);
}1.
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List类型互转的映射规则会用单个对象的映射规则，看测试效果

@Test
public void poList2VoList() {
    List<StudentPO> studentPOList = new ArrayList<>();
    for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
        StudentPO studentPO = StudentPO.builder().id(i).name(String.valueOf(i)).age(i).build();
        studentPOList.add(studentPO);
    }
    List<StudentVO> studentVOList = StudentMapper.INSTANCE.poList2VoList(studentPOList);
    // [StudentVO(id=1, studentName=1, studentAge=1, schoolName=null),
    // StudentVO(id=2, studentName=2, studentAge=2, schoolName=null)]
    System.out.println(studentVOList);
}1.
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多个对象映射一个对象

我们用SchoolPO和StudentPO来映射SchoolStudentVO

@Data
@Builder
public class SchoolPO {

    private String name;
    private String location;
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@Data
@Builder
public class StudentPO {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String className;
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@Data
public class SchoolStudentVO {

    private String schoolName;
    private String studentName;
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@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper {

    @Mappings({
            @Mapping(source = "schoolPO.name", target = "schoolName"),
            @Mapping(source = "studentPO.name", target = "studentName")
    })
    SchoolStudentVO mergeVo(SchoolPO schoolPO, StudentPO studentPO);
}1.
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测试例子如下

@Test
public void mergeVo() {
    SchoolPO schoolPO = SchoolPO.builder().name("学校名字").build();
    StudentPO studentPO = StudentPO.builder().name("学生名字").build();
    SchoolStudentVO schoolStudentVO = StudentMapper.INSTANCE.mergeVo(schoolPO, studentPO);
    // SchoolStudentVO(schoolName=学校名字, studentName=学生名字)
    System.out.println(schoolStudentVO);
}1.
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当然还有其他的骚操作，这里就简单介绍一些比较实用的技巧，有兴趣的可以看官方的example

https://github.com/mapstruct/mapstruct-examples

实现原理

MapStruct帮你对接口生成了一个实现类，下面就是生成的实现类，从class文件夹中可以看到

public class StudentMapperImpl implements StudentMapper {
    public StudentMapperImpl() {
    }

    public StudentVO po2Vo(StudentPO studentPO) {
        if (studentPO == null) {
            return null;
        } else {
            StudentVO studentVO = new StudentVO();
            studentVO.setStudentAge(studentPO.getAge());
            studentVO.setStudentName(studentPO.getName());
            studentVO.setId(studentPO.getId());
            return studentVO;
        }
    }

    public List<StudentVO> poList2VoList(List<StudentPO> studentPO) {
        if (studentPO == null) {
            return null;
        } else {
            List<StudentVO> list = new ArrayList(studentPO.size());
            Iterator var3 = studentPO.iterator();

            while(var3.hasNext()) {
                StudentPO studentPO1 = (StudentPO)var3.next();
                list.add(this.po2Vo(studentPO1));
            }

            return list;
        }
    }

    public SchoolStudentVO mergeVo(SchoolPO schoolPO, StudentPO studentPO) {
        if (schoolPO == null && studentPO == null) {
            return null;
        } else {
            SchoolStudentVO schoolStudentVO = new SchoolStudentVO();
            if (schoolPO != null) {
                schoolStudentVO.setSchoolName(schoolPO.getName());
            }

            if (studentPO != null) {
                schoolStudentVO.setStudentName(studentPO.getName());
            }

            return schoolStudentVO;
        }
    }
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