基础篇：异步编程不会？我教你啊！CompeletableFuture

//使用内置线程ForkJoinPool.commonPool()，根据supplier构建执行任务
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier)
//指定自定义线程，根据supplier构建执行任务
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier, Executor executor)
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//使用内置线程ForkJoinPool.commonPool()，根据runnable构建执行任务
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable)
//指定自定义线程，根据runnable构建执行任务
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable, Executor executor)
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ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<Void> rFuture = CompletableFuture
        .runAsync(() -> System.out.println("hello siting"), executor);
//supplyAsync的使用
CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.print("hello ");
            return "siting";
        }, executor);

//阻塞等待，runAsync 的future 无返回值，输出null
System.out.println(rFuture.join());
//阻塞等待
String name = future.join();
System.out.println(name);
executor.shutdown(); // 线程池需要关闭
--------输出结果--------
hello siting
null
hello siting
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//有时候是需要构建一个常量的CompletableFuture
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> completedFuture(U value)
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public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRun(Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action, Executor executor)
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CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor)
        .thenRunAsync(() -> System.out.println("OK"), executor);
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
OK
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public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAccept(Consumer<? super T> action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action, Executor executor)
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ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor)
        .thenAcceptAsync(System.out::println, executor);
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
hello siting
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public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApply(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn)
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn)        
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn, Executor executor)
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ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> "hello world", executor)
        .thenApplyAsync(data -> {
            System.out.println(data); return "OK";
        }, executor);
System.out.println(future.join());
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
hello world
OK
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public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenCompose(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn) 
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn)
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn,
  Executor executor)        
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//第一个异步任务，常量任务
CompletableFuture<String> f = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("OK");
//第二个异步任务
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> "hello world", executor)
        .thenComposeAsync(data -> {
            System.out.println(data); return f; //使用第一个任务作为返回
        }, executor);
System.out.println(future.join());
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
hello world
OK
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public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBoth(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action, Executor executor)
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//第一个异步任务，常量任务
CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("hello world");
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture
        //第二个异步任务
        .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor)
        // () -> System.out.println("OK") 是第三个任务
        .runAfterBothAsync(first, () -> System.out.println("OK"), executor);
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
OK
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//第一个任务完成再运行other，fn再依赖消费两个任务的结果，无返回值
public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBoth(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action)
//两个任务异步完成，fn再依赖消费两个任务的结果，无返回值     
public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action)  
//两个任务异步完成（第二个任务用指定线程池执行），fn再依赖消费两个任务的结果，无返回值                
public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action, Executor executor) 
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//第一个异步任务，常量任务
CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("hello world");
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture
        //第二个异步任务
        .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor)
        // (w, s) -> System.out.println(s) 是第三个任务
        .thenAcceptBothAsync(first, (s, w) -> System.out.println(s), executor);
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
hello siting
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//第一个任务完成再运行other，fn再依赖消费两个任务的结果，有返回值
public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombine(CompletionStage<? extends U> other, 
  BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn)
//两个任务异步完成，fn再依赖消费两个任务的结果，有返回值
public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn)   
//两个任务异步完成（第二个任务用指定线程池执行），fn再依赖消费两个任务的结果，有返回值        
public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
        BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn, Executor executor)         
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//第一个异步任务，常量任务
CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("hello world");
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture
        //第二个异步任务
        .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor)
        // (w, s) -> System.out.println(s) 是第三个任务
        .thenCombineAsync(first, (s, w) -> {
            System.out.println(s);
            return "OK";
        }, executor);
System.out.println(future.join());
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
hello siting
OK
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public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEither(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)   
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,
  Runnable action, Executor executor)
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//第一个异步任务，休眠1秒，保证最晚执行晚
CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
    try{ Thread.sleep(1000); }catch (Exception e){}
    System.out.println("hello world");
    return "hello world";
});
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture
        //第二个异步任务
        .supplyAsync(() ->{
            System.out.println("hello siting");
            return "hello siting";
        } , executor)
        //() ->  System.out.println("OK") 是第三个任务
        .runAfterEitherAsync(first, () ->  System.out.println("OK") , executor);
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
hello siting
OK
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public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEither(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
  Consumer<? super T> action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
  Consumer<? super T> action, Executor executor)       
public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
  Consumer<? super T> action, Executor executor)     
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//第一个异步任务，休眠1秒，保证最晚执行晚
CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
    try{ Thread.sleep(1000);  }catch (Exception e){}
    return "hello world";
});
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture
        //第二个异步任务
        .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor)
        // data ->  System.out.println(data) 是第三个任务
        .acceptEitherAsync(first, data ->  System.out.println(data) , executor);
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
hello siting        
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public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEither(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
  Function<? super T, U> fn) 
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
  Function<? super T, U> fn)         
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
  Function<? super T, U> fn, Executor executor)         
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//第一个异步任务，休眠1秒，保证最晚执行晚
CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
    try{ Thread.sleep(1000);  }catch (Exception e){}
    return "hello world";
});
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture
        //第二个异步任务
        .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor)
        // data ->  System.out.println(data) 是第三个任务
        .applyToEitherAsync(first, data ->  {
            System.out.println(data);
            return "OK";
        } , executor);
System.out.println(future);
executor.shutdown();
--------输出结果--------
hello siting
OK
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public CompletableFuture<T> exceptionally(Function<Throwable, ? extends T> fn)
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CompletableFuture<Integer> first = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> {
            if (true) {
                throw new RuntimeException("main error!");
            }
            return "hello world";
        })
        .thenApply(data -> 1)
        .exceptionally(e -> {
            e.printStackTrace(); // 异常捕捉处理，前面两个处理环节的日常都能捕获
            return 0;
        });
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public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handle(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) 
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) 
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn, 
  Executor executor)        
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CompletableFuture<Integer> first = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> {
            if (true) { throw new RuntimeException("main error!"); }
            return "hello world";
        })
        .thenApply(data -> 1)
        .handleAsync((data,e) -> {
            e.printStackTrace(); // 异常捕捉处理
            return data;
        });
System.out.println(first.join());
--------输出结果--------
java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: main error!
 ... 5 more
null
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public CompletableFuture<T> whenComplete(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action) 
public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action) 
public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action,
  Executor executor)        
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CompletableFuture<AtomicBoolean> first = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> {
            if (true) {  throw new RuntimeException("main error!"); }
            return "hello world";
        })
        .thenApply(data -> new AtomicBoolean(false))
        .whenCompleteAsync((data,e) -> {
            //异常捕捉处理, 但是异常还是会在外层复现
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        });
first.join();
--------输出结果--------
java.lang.RuntimeException: main error!
Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: main error!
 ... 5 more
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public static CompletableFuture<Void> allOf(CompletableFuture<?>... cfs)
public static CompletableFuture<Object> anyOf(CompletableFuture<?>... cfs)
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 CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture
        .allOf(CompletableFuture.completedFuture("A"),
                CompletableFuture.completedFuture("B"));
//全部任务都需要执行完
future.join();
CompletableFuture<Object> future2 = CompletableFuture
        .anyOf(CompletableFuture.completedFuture("C"),
                CompletableFuture.completedFuture("D"));
//其中一个任务行完即可
future2.join();
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// mayInterruptIfRunning 无影响；如果任务未完成,则返回异常
public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) 
//任务是否取消
public boolean isCancelled()
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CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> {
            try { Thread.sleep(1000);  } catch (Exception e) { }
            return "hello world";
        })
        .thenApply(data -> 1);

System.out.println("任务取消前:" + future.isCancelled());
// 如果任务未完成,则返回异常,需要对使用exceptionally，handle 对结果处理
future.cancel(true);
System.out.println("任务取消后:" + future.isCancelled());
future = future.exceptionally(e -> {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return 0;
});
System.out.println(future.join());
--------输出结果--------
任务取消前:false
任务取消后:true
java.util.concurrent.CancellationException
 at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.cancel(CompletableFuture.java:2276)
 at Test.main(Test.java:25)
0
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// 任务是否执行完成
public boolean isDone()
//阻塞等待 获取返回值
public T join()
// 阻塞等待 获取返回值,区别是get需要返回受检异常
public T get()
//等待阻塞一段时间，并获取返回值
public T get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
//未完成则返回指定value
public T getNow(T valueIfAbsent)
//未完成，使用value作为任务执行的结果，任务结束。需要future.get获取
public boolean complete(T value)
//未完成，则是异常调用,返回异常结果，任务结束
public boolean completeExceptionally(Throwable ex)
//判断任务是否因发生异常结束的
public boolean isCompletedExceptionally()
//强制地将返回值设置为value，无论该之前任务是否完成；类似complete
public void obtrudeValue(T value)
//强制地让异常抛出，异常返回，无论该之前任务是否完成；类似completeExceptionally
public void obtrudeException(Throwable ex) 
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CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> {
            try { Thread.sleep(1000);  } catch (Exception e) { }
            return "hello world";
        })
        .thenApply(data -> 1);

System.out.println("任务完成前:" + future.isDone());
future.complete(10);
System.out.println("任务完成后:" + future.join());
--------输出结果--------
任务完成前:false
任务完成后:10
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