鸿蒙跨设备AI语音助手：分布式语音识别与多设备协同原创

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发布于 2025-6-18 22:17

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鸿蒙跨设备AI语音助手：分布式语音识别与多设备协同

本文将基于HarmonyOS的语音识别能力和分布式技术，实现一个支持多设备协同的AI语音助手系统，能够在不同设备间同步语音指令和执行结果。

技术架构
语音识别层：调用系统语音识别API

指令处理层：解析和执行语音指令

分布式同步层：通过分布式数据管理实现多设备协同

UI展示层：语音交互界面和指令反馈

完整代码实现
语音指令模型定义

// model/VoiceCommand.ts
export class VoiceCommand {
commandId: string = ‘’; // 指令ID
originalText: string = ‘’; // 原始语音文本
intent: string = ‘’; // 指令意图
parameters: Record<string, string> = {}; // 指令参数
sourceDevice: string = ‘’; // 来源设备
timestamp: number = 0; // 时间戳
status: ‘pending’ ‘processing’ ‘completed’
‘failed’ = ‘pending’;
result?: string; // 执行结果

constructor(data?: Partial<VoiceCommand>) {
if (data) {
Object.assign(this, data);
if (!this.commandId) {
this.commandId = this.generateId();
if (!this.timestamp) {

    this.timestamp = Date.now();

}

private generateId(): string {

return 'cmd-' + Date.now() + '-' + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 6);

}

语音识别服务实现

// service/VoiceRecognitionService.ts
import voiceAssistant from ‘@ohos.multimedia.voiceAssistant’;
import { VoiceCommand } from ‘…/model/VoiceCommand’;

export class VoiceRecognitionService {
private voiceAssistant: voiceAssistant.VoiceAssistant;
private isListening: boolean = false;
private commandCallback: (command: VoiceCommand) => void = () => {};

constructor() {
this.voiceAssistant = voiceAssistant.createVoiceAssistant();
this.setupListeners();
// 设置监听器

private setupListeners() {
this.voiceAssistant.on(‘start’, () => {
this.isListening = true;
});

this.voiceAssistant.on('stop', () => {
  this.isListening = false;
});

this.voiceAssistant.on('result', (result: voiceAssistant.VoiceResult) => {
  this.handleRecognitionResult(result);
});

this.voiceAssistant.on('error', (err: Error) => {
  console.error('语音识别错误:', err);
});

// 处理识别结果

private handleRecognitionResult(result: voiceAssistant.VoiceResult) {
const command = new VoiceCommand({
originalText: result.text,
sourceDevice: this.getLocalDeviceId()
});

// 简单意图识别（实际项目中可以使用NLU服务）
if (result.text.includes('打开') || result.text.includes('启动')) {
  command.intent = 'open_app';
  const appName = result.text.replace(/打开|启动/g, '').trim();
  command.parameters = { appName };

else if (result.text.includes(‘天气’)) {

  command.intent = 'query_weather';
  const location = result.text.replace(/天气/g, '').trim() || '当前位置';
  command.parameters = { location };

else {

  command.intent = 'unknown';

this.commandCallback(command);

// 开始语音识别

async startListening(callback: (command: VoiceCommand) => void) {
if (this.isListening) return;

this.commandCallback = callback;
await this.voiceAssistant.start({
  lang: 'zh-CN',
  prompt: '请说出您的指令'
});

// 停止语音识别

async stopListening() {
if (!this.isListening) return;
await this.voiceAssistant.stop();
// 获取当前设备ID

private getLocalDeviceId(): string {
// 实际项目中需要获取真实设备ID
return ‘local-device’;
}

分布式指令同步服务

// service/CommandSyncService.ts
import distributedData from ‘@ohos.data.distributedData’;
import deviceInfo from ‘@ohos.deviceInfo’;
import { VoiceCommand } from ‘…/model/VoiceCommand’;

const STORE_ID = ‘voice_command_store’;
const COMMAND_KEY_PREFIX = ‘cmd_’;

export class CommandSyncService {
private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager;
private kvStore: distributedData.SingleKVStore;
private localDeviceId: string = deviceInfo.deviceId;

// 初始化分布式数据存储
async initialize() {
const config = {
bundleName: ‘com.example.voiceassistant’,
userInfo: {
userId: ‘voice_user’,
userType: distributedData.UserType.SAME_USER_ID
};

this.kvManager = distributedData.createKVManager(config);
const options = {
  createIfMissing: true,
  encrypt: true,
  backup: false,
  autoSync: true,
  kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION
};

this.kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore(STORE_ID, options);

// 订阅数据变更
this.kvStore.on('dataChange', distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (data) => {
  this.handleDataChange(data);
});

// 处理数据变更

private handleDataChange(data: distributedData.ChangeNotification) {
if (data.insertEntries.length > 0) {
data.insertEntries.forEach(entry => {
if (entry.key.startsWith(COMMAND_KEY_PREFIX)) {
const command: VoiceCommand = JSON.parse(entry.value.value);
this.processNewCommand(command);
});

}

// 处理新指令
private processNewCommand(command: VoiceCommand) {
// 忽略来自本设备的指令
if (command.sourceDevice === this.localDeviceId) return;

// 更新AppStorage中的指令历史
const history: VoiceCommand[] = AppStorage.get('commandHistory') || [];
const newHistory = [command, ...history].slice(0, 50); // 保留最近50条
AppStorage.setOrCreate('commandHistory', newHistory);

// 执行指令
this.executeCommand(command);

// 执行指令

private executeCommand(command: VoiceCommand) {
// 实际项目中可以根据指令类型执行不同操作
console.log(‘执行指令:’, command);

// 更新指令状态
command.status = 'completed';
command.result = '指令执行成功';
this.syncCommand(command);

// 同步指令

async syncCommand(command: VoiceCommand) {
const commandKey = {COMMAND_KEY_PREFIX}{command.commandId};
await this.kvStore.put(commandKey, JSON.stringify(command));

// 更新本地历史记录
const history: VoiceCommand[] = AppStorage.get('commandHistory') || [];
const newHistory = [command, ...history.filter(cmd => cmd.commandId !== command.commandId)];
AppStorage.setOrCreate('commandHistory', newHistory.slice(0, 50));

// 获取当前设备ID

getLocalDeviceId(): string {
return this.localDeviceId;
}

语音助手页面实现

// pages/VoiceAssistantPage.ets
import { VoiceRecognitionService } from ‘…/service/VoiceRecognitionService’;
import { CommandSyncService } from ‘…/service/CommandSyncService’;
import { VoiceCommand } from ‘…/model/VoiceCommand’;

@Entry
@Component
struct VoiceAssistantPage {
private voiceService: VoiceRecognitionService = new VoiceRecognitionService();
private syncService: CommandSyncService = new CommandSyncService();
@StorageLink(‘commandHistory’) commandHistory: VoiceCommand[] = [];
@State isListening: boolean = false;
@State lastCommand: VoiceCommand | null = null;

async aboutToAppear() {
await this.syncService.initialize();
build() {

Column() {
  // 语音助手图标
  Image($r('app.media.ic_voice_assistant'))
    .width(120)
    .height(120)
    .margin({ top: 60, bottom: 30 })
  
  // 语音状态指示
  Circle()
    .width(80)
    .height(80)
    .fill(this.isListening ? '#FF5722' : '#9E9E9E')
    .margin({ bottom: 20 })
    .animation({
      duration: 1000,
      iterations: -1,
      curve: Curve.EaseInOut,
      play: this.isListening
    })
  
  // 语音按钮
  Button(this.isListening ? '正在聆听...' : '点击说话')
    .width(200)
    .onClick(() => {
      this.toggleVoiceListening();
    })
  
  // 最后指令反馈
  if (this.lastCommand) {
    Column() {
      Text('指令: ' + this.lastCommand.originalText)
        .fontSize(16)
        .margin({ bottom: 8 })
      
      Text('结果: ' + (this.lastCommand.result || '处理中...'))
        .fontSize(14)
        .fontColor('#666666')

.margin({ top: 30 })

// 指令历史

  if (this.commandHistory.length > 0) {
    Text('指令历史')
      .fontSize(18)
      .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
      .margin({ top: 40, bottom: 10 })
    
    List() {
      ForEach(this.commandHistory, (command) => {
        ListItem() {
          CommandHistoryItem({ command })

})

.layoutWeight(1)

    .width('100%')

}

.width('100%')
.height('100%')
.padding(16)

// 切换语音监听状态

private async toggleVoiceListening() {
if (this.isListening) {
await this.voiceService.stopListening();
this.isListening = false;
else {

  await this.voiceService.startListening((command) => {
    this.handleNewCommand(command);
  });
  this.isListening = true;

}

// 处理新指令
private async handleNewCommand(command: VoiceCommand) {
this.lastCommand = command;
await this.syncService.syncCommand(command);

// 如果是本设备发起的指令，立即执行
if (command.sourceDevice === this.syncService.getLocalDeviceId()) {
  this.executeLocalCommand(command);

}

// 执行本地指令
private executeLocalCommand(command: VoiceCommand) {
// 实际项目中可以根据指令类型执行不同操作
console.log(‘执行本地指令:’, command);

// 更新指令状态
command.status = 'completed';
command.result = '指令执行成功';
this.syncService.syncCommand(command);

}

@Component
struct CommandHistoryItem {
@Prop command: VoiceCommand;

build() {
Column() {
Row() {
Text(this.command.originalText)
.fontSize(16)
.layoutWeight(1)

    Text(this.getStatusText())
      .fontSize(12)
      .fontColor(this.getStatusColor())

.width(‘100%’)

  if (this.command.result) {
    Text(this.command.result)
      .fontSize(14)
      .fontColor('#666666')
      .margin({ top: 4 })

Row() {

    Text(this.formatTime(this.command.timestamp))
      .fontSize(12)
      .fontColor('#888888')
      .layoutWeight(1)
    
    Text(this.command.sourceDevice === AppStorage.get('localDeviceId') ? '本设备' : '其他设备')
      .fontSize(12)
      .fontColor('#888888')

.width(‘100%’)

  .margin({ top: 4 })

.padding(12)

.width('100%')
.backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
.borderRadius(8)
.margin({ bottom: 8 })

private getStatusText(): string {

switch (this.command.status) {
  case 'pending': return '等待中';
  case 'processing': return '处理中';
  case 'completed': return '已完成';
  case 'failed': return '失败';
  default: return '';

}

private getStatusColor(): string {
switch (this.command.status) {
case ‘completed’: return ‘#4CAF50’;
case ‘failed’: return ‘#F44336’;
case ‘processing’: return ‘#2196F3’;
default: return ‘#666666’;
}

private formatTime(timestamp: number): string {
const date = new Date(timestamp);
return {date.getHours().toString().padStart(2, ‘0’)}:{date.getMinutes().toString().padStart(2, ‘0’)};
}

实现原理详解
语音识别流程：

调用系统语音识别API捕获用户语音

将语音转换为文本指令

简单意图识别和参数提取
指令同步机制：

通过分布式数据库同步语音指令

设备间共享指令历史

指令状态实时更新
多设备协同：

主设备发起语音指令

从设备接收并执行指令

执行结果反馈到所有设备

扩展功能建议
自然语言理解集成：

  // 集成NLU服务

async analyzeIntent(text: string): Promise<{intent: string, entities: any}> {
const response = await nluService.analyze(text);
return {
intent: response.intent,
entities: response.entities
};

多模态交互：

  // 添加语音合成反馈

async speakResponse(text: string) {
await ttsEngine.speak(text);

设备能力协商：

  // 根据设备能力分发指令

async dispatchCommandByCapability(command: VoiceCommand) {
const capableDevices = await this.findCapableDevices(command.intent);
if (capableDevices.length > 0) {
await this.sendCommandToDevice(command, capableDevices[0]);
}

总结

本文详细介绍了如何利用HarmonyOS的语音识别和分布式能力构建一个多设备协同的AI语音助手系统。通过将语音指令存储在分布式数据库中，实现了指令的跨设备同步和执行，为用户提供了无缝的语音交互体验。

该系统具有以下特点：
自然交互：支持语音指令输入

跨设备协同：指令在多设备间同步执行

实时反馈：指令状态和结果实时更新

可扩展架构：支持添加新的指令类型和执行逻辑

这种架构不仅适用于语音助手场景，也可以扩展到智能家居控制、车载语音系统等多种分布式语音交互场景。合理利用鸿蒙的分布式能力，可以大大提升多设备协同的智能化水平。

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HarmonyOS

ArkUI / eTS

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