鸿蒙5元宇宙虚拟名片开发实战：3D人物模型与多设备社交信息同步原创

进修的泡芙

发布于 2025-6-20 13:31

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鸿蒙5元宇宙虚拟名片开发实战：3D人物模型与多设备社交信息同步

一、项目概述与架构设计

本元宇宙虚拟名片基于鸿蒙5的3D渲染和分布式能力实现，主要功能包括：
个性化3D虚拟形象创建

社交信息多设备实时同步

跨平台虚拟形象展示

分布式交互能力

技术架构图

┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐
手机设备 │ │ 平板设备 │ │ AR设备 │

┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │

│ 3D编辑器 │─┼───▶│ │ 3D展示 │ │ │ │ AR展示 │ │

└────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │

└───────┬─────┘ └───────┬─────┘ └───────┬─────┘
│ │

    └─────────┬────────┴─────────┬────────┘

│

      ┌───────▼───────┐   ┌───────▼───────┐

分布式数据服务 │ │ 3D渲染引擎 │

      └───────────────┘   └───────────────┘

二、核心代码实现
3D虚拟形象数据模型

// AvatarData.ets
export interface AvatarData {
id: string;
name: string;
appearance: {
gender: ‘male’ ‘female’
‘other’;
skinColor: string;
hairStyle: string;
clothing: string;
};
socialInfo: {
nickname: string;
bio: string;
contacts: {
email?: string;
phone?: string;
socialMedia?: Record<string, string>;
};
};
animationPresets: string[];
deviceId: string;
lastUpdated: number;

分布式虚拟形象同步服务

// AvatarSyncService.ets
import distributedData from ‘@ohos.data.distributedData’;

export class AvatarSyncService {
private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;
private readonly STORE_ID = ‘metaverse_avatar_store’;

async init() {
const kvManager = await distributedData.createKVManager({
bundleName: ‘com.example.metaverse’
});
this.kvStore = await kvManager.getKVStore(this.STORE_ID, {
createIfMissing: true,
autoSync: true,
kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION
});
async syncAvatar(avatar: AvatarData) {

try {
  await this.kvStore.put(avatar_${avatar.id}, JSON.stringify({
    ...avatar,
    deviceId: deviceInfo.deviceId,
    timestamp: new Date().getTime()
  }));
  return true;

catch (err) {

  console.error('同步虚拟形象失败:', err);
  return false;

}

async getAvatar(userId: string): Promise<AvatarData | null> {
const data = await this.kvStore.get(avatar_${userId});
return data ? JSON.parse(data) : null;
subscribeAvatarChanges(callback: (avatar: AvatarData) => void) {

this.kvStore.on('dataChange', distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (changes) => {
  changes.forEach(change => {
    if (change.key.startsWith('avatar_')) {
      callback(JSON.parse(change.value));

});

});

}

3D虚拟形象渲染组件

// AvatarRenderer.ets
import graphics from ‘@ohos.graphics’;

@Component
export struct AvatarRenderer {
@Prop avatar: AvatarData;
@State animation: string = ‘idle’;

private scene: graphics.Scene;
private camera: graphics.Camera;
private avatarModel: graphics.Model;

aboutToAppear() {
this.init3DScene();
this.loadAvatarModel();
private async init3DScene() {

this.scene = await graphics.createScene();
this.camera = await graphics.createCamera({
  type: 'perspective',
  position: [0, 1.6, 3],
  target: [0, 1.6, 0]
});

private async loadAvatarModel() {

// 加载基础人物模型
const baseModel = await graphics.loadModel('base_character.gltf');

// 应用个性化设置
this.avatarModel = await this.customizeModel(baseModel, this.avatar.appearance);

// 添加到场景
await this.scene.addModel(this.avatarModel);

// 设置初始动画
this.playAnimation('idle');

private async customizeModel(baseModel: graphics.Model, appearance: Appearance): Promise<graphics.Model> {

// 1. 克隆基础模型
const model = await baseModel.clone();

// 2. 应用皮肤颜色
await model.setMaterialParam('skin', 'color', appearance.skinColor);

// 3. 更换发型
const hairStyle = await graphics.loadModel(hairstyles/${appearance.hairStyle}.gltf);
await model.attach(hairStyle, 'head');

// 4. 更换服装
const clothing = await graphics.loadModel(clothing/${appearance.clothing}.gltf);
await model.attach(clothing, 'body');

return model;

private async playAnimation(name: string) {

if (this.avatarModel && this.avatar.animationPresets.includes(name)) {
  await this.avatarModel.playAnimation(name);
  this.animation = name;

}

build() {
Column() {
// 3D渲染视图
Graphics3DView({
scene: this.scene,
camera: this.camera,
width: ‘100%’,
height: ‘300’
})

  // 动画控制
  AnimationControls({
    animations: this.avatar.animationPresets,
    current: this.animation,
    onChange: this.playAnimation.bind(this)
  })

}

三、关键技术创新点
多设备姿态同步算法

// 姿态数据同步
private async syncAvatarPose(avatarId: string, poseData: PoseData) {
// 压缩姿态数据
const compressed = this.compressPoseData(poseData);

// 同步到其他设备
await this.kvStore.put(pose_{avatarId}_{deviceInfo.deviceId}, JSON.stringify({
data: compressed,
timestamp: Date.now()
}));
// 姿态数据插值

private interpolatePose(current: PoseData, target: PoseData, alpha: number): PoseData {
return {
position: [
current.position[0] (1 - alpha) + target.position[0] alpha,
current.position[1] (1 - alpha) + target.position[1] alpha,
current.position[2] (1 - alpha) + target.position[2] alpha
],
rotation: [
current.rotation[0] (1 - alpha) + target.rotation[0] alpha,
current.rotation[1] (1 - alpha) + target.rotation[1] alpha,
current.rotation[2] (1 - alpha) + target.rotation[2] alpha
};

社交信息动态展示系统

// 社交信息卡片组件
@Component
struct SocialCard {
@Prop socialInfo: SocialInfo;
@State expanded: boolean = false;

build() {
Column() {
// 基础信息
Row() {
Text(this.socialInfo.nickname)
.fontSize(18)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)

    Image(this.expanded ? 'arrow_up.png' : 'arrow_down.png')
      .width(20)
      .height(20)
      .onClick(() => this.expanded = !this.expanded)

// 扩展信息

  if (this.expanded) {
    Column() {
      Text(this.socialInfo.bio)
        .fontSize(14)
        .margin({ top: 8 })
      
      // 联系方式
      if (this.socialInfo.contacts.email) {
        ContactItem('email.png', this.socialInfo.contacts.email)

if (this.socialInfo.contacts.phone) {

        ContactItem('phone.png', this.socialInfo.contacts.phone)

}

    .margin({ top: 10 })

}

.padding(15)
.borderRadius(12)
.backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')

}

跨平台3D模型适配器

// 3D模型适配器
class ModelAdapter {
private static PLATFORM_SETTINGS = {
‘phone’: {
maxPolygons: 10000,
textureSize: 512
},
‘tablet’: {
maxPolygons: 30000,
textureSize: 1024
},
‘ar’: {
maxPolygons: 50000,
textureSize: 2048
};

static async optimizeModel(model: graphics.Model, deviceType: string): Promise<graphics.Model> {
const settings = ModelAdapter.PLATFORM_SETTINGS[deviceType] || ModelAdapter.PLATFORM_SETTINGS.phone;

// 1. 简化模型
const simplified = await model.simplify({
  targetPolygons: settings.maxPolygons
});

// 2. 优化纹理
await simplified.optimizeTextures({
  maxSize: settings.textureSize
});

return simplified;

}

四、性能优化方案
3D资源分级加载

// 分级加载策略
private async loadModelWithFallback(modelPath: string): Promise<graphics.Model> {
try {
// 尝试加载高清模型
return await graphics.loadModel(${modelPath}_high.gltf);
catch (err) {

console.warn('高清模型加载失败，回退到标准模型');
try {
  // 尝试加载标准模型
  return await graphics.loadModel(${modelPath}_medium.gltf);

catch (err) {

  console.warn('标准模型加载失败，回退到低清模型');
  // 加载低清模型
  return await graphics.loadModel(${modelPath}_low.gltf);

}

分布式数据差分同步

// 差分同步算法
private async syncAvatarChanges(avatar: AvatarData, lastSynced: AvatarData) {
// 计算差异
const changes = this.calculateDiff(lastSynced, avatar);

if (changes.length > 0) {
// 只同步变化的部分
await this.kvStore.put(avatar_changes_${avatar.id}, JSON.stringify({
changes,
timestamp: Date.now()
}));
}

private calculateDiff(oldData: AvatarData, newData: AvatarData): ChangeItem[] {
const changes: ChangeItem[] = [];

// 比较外观变化
for (const key in oldData.appearance) {
if (oldData.appearance[key] !== newData.appearance[key]) {
changes.push({
path: appearance.${key},
value: newData.appearance[key]
});
}

// 比较社交信息变化
for (const key in oldData.socialInfo) {
if (JSON.stringify(oldData.socialInfo[key]) !== JSON.stringify(newData.socialInfo[key])) {
changes.push({
path: socialInfo.${key},
value: newData.socialInfo[key]
});
}

return changes;

动画资源预加载

// 动画预加载
private async preloadAnimations(animationNames: string[]) {
await Promise.all(
animationNames.map(name =>
graphics.preloadAnimation(animations/${name}.anim)
)
);

五、完整UI组件实现
虚拟名片主界面

// VirtualCardPage.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct VirtualCardPage {
@State myAvatar: AvatarData = DEFAULT_AVATAR;
@State othersAvatars: Record<string, AvatarData> = {};

private avatarSync = new AvatarSyncService();
private modelLoader = new ModelLoader();

aboutToAppear() {
this.avatarSync.init();
this.loadMyAvatar();
this.subscribeToOthers();
build() {

Column() {
  // 我的虚拟形象
  AvatarRenderer({ avatar: this.myAvatar })
  
  // 社交信息卡片
  SocialCard({ socialInfo: this.myAvatar.socialInfo })
  
  // 其他人虚拟形象列表
  List() {
    ForEach(Object.values(this.othersAvatars), (avatar) => {
      ListItem() {
        AvatarListItem({ avatar })

})

.layoutWeight(1)

}

private async loadMyAvatar() {
const saved = await this.avatarSync.getAvatar(‘my_user_id’);
if (saved) {
this.myAvatar = saved;
else {

  await this.avatarSync.syncAvatar(this.myAvatar);

}

private subscribeToOthers() {
this.avatarSync.subscribeAvatarChanges((avatar) => {
if (avatar.id !== ‘my_user_id’) {
this.othersAvatars = {
…this.othersAvatars,
[avatar.id]: avatar
};
});

}

虚拟形象编辑器

// AvatarEditor.ets
@Component
struct AvatarEditor {
@Link avatar: AvatarData;
@State currentTab: ‘appearance’ | ‘social’ = ‘appearance’;

build() {
Column() {
// 预览区域
AvatarPreview({ avatar: this.avatar })

  // 编辑选项卡
  Tabs({
    active: this.currentTab,
    items: [

value: ‘appearance’, label: ‘外观’ },

value: ‘social’, label: ‘社交’ }

    ],
    onChange: (tab) => this.currentTab = tab
  })
  
  // 编辑区域
  if (this.currentTab === 'appearance') {
    AppearanceEditor({
      appearance: this.avatar.appearance,
      onChange: (newAppearance) => {
        this.avatar = {
          ...this.avatar,
          appearance: newAppearance
        };

})

else {

    SocialEditor({
      socialInfo: this.avatar.socialInfo,
      onChange: (newSocialInfo) => {
        this.avatar = {
          ...this.avatar,
          socialInfo: newSocialInfo
        };

})

}

六、项目部署与测试
权限配置

在module.json5中添加：

“requestPermissions”: [
“name”: “ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.ACCESS_3D_ENGINE”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.READ_USER_STORAGE”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.WRITE_USER_STORAGE”

]

测试方案

// 3D模型测试
describe(‘AvatarModel’, () => {
it(‘should load and customize model’, async () => {
const loader = new ModelLoader();
const baseModel = await graphics.loadModel(‘base_character.gltf’);
const customized = await loader.customizeModel(baseModel, {
gender: ‘male’,
skinColor: ‘#FFDBAC’,
hairStyle: ‘short’,
clothing: ‘casual’
});

expect(customized).toBeDefined();

});
});

// 数据同步测试
describe(‘AvatarSync’, () => {
it(‘should sync avatar changes’, async () => {
const syncService = new AvatarSyncService();
await syncService.init();

const testAvatar = {
  id: 'test_user',
  name: '测试用户',
  appearance: { /.../ },
  socialInfo: { /.../ }
};

await syncService.syncAvatar(testAvatar);
const retrieved = await syncService.getAvatar('test_user');

expect(retrieved).toEqual(testAvatar);

});
});

七、总结与扩展

本方案实现了：
基于鸿蒙3D引擎的虚拟形象系统

多设备实时数据同步

跨平台自适应展示

交互式社交信息管理

扩展方向：
添加VR设备支持

集成区块链数字身份

开发虚拟社交空间

支持NFT服装和饰品

鸿蒙的分布式3D能力为元宇宙应用开发提供了强大支持，开发者可基于此项目框架探索更丰富的虚拟社交场景。

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