『牛角书』鸿蒙——简易通讯录项目开发 原创

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# 简易通讯录小项目

作为软件学院的学生，主要攻读C#语言，java代码薄弱，因此对此次的极简易通讯录项目（JAVA）一拖再拖，但是对于通讯录这个项目还是很有兴趣，因此综合官方资料和各个大佬的博客等文章分享，成功做了此次流程，不是很全面，但是基本上能够实现。

Copy一下代码，一小时内也能运行，适合新手接触鸿蒙，想做一个有意思的小项目的朋友们。欢迎大家点赞收藏，支持~

什么是鸿蒙

鸿蒙目前作为主流的华为国产新系统，在某种程度上，热度空前的高。所以萌生的想了解一下鸿蒙的初步的开端。

正文开始

1.项目运行

系统：windows11 DevEco Studio

2.代码示例

2.1 前端代码示例

主要由text和btton控件完成 颜色随机

<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical"
    >
    <Text
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_main"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="简易通讯录"
        ohos:text_size="80"
        ohos:margin="15vp"
        />
    <TextField
        ohos:id="$+id:tf_id"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:hint="请输入编号"
        ohos:text="编号"
        ohos:basement="#000099"
        ohos:text_size="60"
        ohos:text_color="red"
        ohos:top_margin="10vp"
        ohos:left_margin="50vp"
        ohos:right_margin="50vp"
        />
    <TextField
        ohos:id="$+id:tf_name"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:basement="#000099"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:hint="请输入姓名"
        ohos:text="姓名"
        ohos:text_size="60"
        ohos:text_color="red"
        ohos:top_margin="10vp"
        ohos:left_margin="50vp"
        ohos:right_margin="50vp"
        />
    <TextField
        ohos:id="$+id:tf_sex"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:basement="#000099"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:hint="请输入性别"
        ohos:text="性别"
        ohos:text_size="60"
        ohos:text_color="red"
        ohos:top_margin="10vp"
        ohos:left_margin="50vp"
        ohos:right_margin="50vp"
        />
    <TextField
        ohos:id="$+id:tf_age"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:basement="#000099"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:hint="请输入手机号"
        ohos:text="手机号"
        ohos:text_size="60"
        ohos:text_color="red"
        ohos:top_margin="10vp"
        ohos:left_margin="50vp"
        ohos:right_margin="50vp"
        />
    <DirectionalLayout
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"
        ohos:alignment="horizontal_center"
        >
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:btn_add"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:clickable="true"
        ohos:text="  添 加  "
        ohos:text_size="60"
        ohos:background_element="green"
        ohos:margin="15vp"
        />
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:btn_delete"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:clickable="true"
        ohos:text="  删 除  "
        ohos:text_size="60"
        ohos:background_element="green"
        ohos:margin="15vp"
        />
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:btn_update"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:clickable="true"
        ohos:text="  修 改  "
        ohos:text_size="60"
        ohos:background_element="green"
        ohos:margin="15vp"
        />
    </DirectionalLayout>
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:btn_query"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:clickable="true"
        ohos:text="  查询全部数据  "
        ohos:text_size="60"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:background_element="yellow"
        ohos:margin="10vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:t_show"
        ohos:height="match_parent"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:text=""
        ohos:multiple_lines="true"
        ohos:text_size="50"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text_alignment="start"
        ohos:background_element="#22C9C9C9"
        ohos:margin="10vp"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

2.3后端数据库创建

public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        //初始化数据库
        initDB();
        //初始化组件
        initCompoment();
    }

    //初始化数据库
    private void initDB() {
        config = StoreConfig.newDefaultConfig(DB_NAME);
        dbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(this);
        //回调初始化
        rdbOpenCallback = new RdbOpenCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onCreate(RdbStore store) {
                //创建表
                store.executeSql("create table if not exists "
                        + TABLE_NAME + " ("
                        + COLUMN_ID + " integer primary key, "
                        + COLUMN_NAME + " text not null, "
                        + COLUMN_SEX + " , "
                        + COLUMN_AGE + " integer)");
            }

            @Override
            public void onUpgrade(RdbStore store, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
            }
        };
        //创建数据库
        rdbStore = dbHelper.getRdbStore(config, DB_VERSION, rdbOpenCallback, null);
    }

2.3 思路

用增加，删除，修改和查询 来保证通讯录的运行
> 联系人信息添加至数据库中，
> 在数据库中存储，通过编号查询联系人信息，
> 可用修改来及时更新联系人信息。

//初始化组件
    private void initCompoment() {
        //编号
        tf_id = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tf_id);
        //姓名
        tf_name = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tf_name);
        //性别
        tf_sex = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tf_sex);
        //年龄
        tf_age = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tf_age);

        //添加按钮
        btn_add = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_btn_add);
        //删除按钮
        btn_delete = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_btn_delete);
        //修改按钮
        btn_update = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_btn_update);
        //查询全部数据按钮
        btn_query = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_btn_query);

        //显示文本
        t_show = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_t_show);

        //设置按钮监听
        setListener();
    }

    private void setListener() {
        //添加按钮监听
        btn_add.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                int id = Integer.parseInt(tf_id.getText());
                String name = tf_name.getText();
                String sex = tf_sex.getText();
                int age = Integer.parseInt(tf_age.getText());
                ToastDialog d = new ToastDialog(getContext());

                //根据输入的数据，加入到数据表中
                if (id > 0 && name.length() > 0) {
                    //准备添加数据
                    ValuesBucket valuesBucket = new ValuesBucket();
                    valuesBucket.putInteger(COLUMN_ID, id);
                    valuesBucket.putString(COLUMN_NAME, name);
                    valuesBucket.putString(COLUMN_SEX, sex);
                    valuesBucket.putInteger(COLUMN_AGE, age);

                    //调用接口添加数据，返回-1表示失败
                    long rowid = rdbStore.insert(TABLE_NAME, valuesBucket);
                    if( rowid==-1 )
                        d.setText("添加数据记录失败");
                    else
                        d.setText("添加数据记录成功");
                } else {
                    d.setText("编号必须为非负整数且姓名不能为空");
                }
                //显示提示
                d.show();
            }
        });

        //删除按钮监听
        btn_delete.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                int id = Integer.parseInt(tf_id.getText());
                ToastDialog d = new ToastDialog(getContext());

                //根据输入的编号，删除对应编号的记录
                if (id > 0) {
                    //设置删除条件
                    RdbPredicates predicates = new RdbPredicates(TABLE_NAME);
                    predicates.equalTo(COLUMN_ID, id);

                    //调用接口删除记录，返回影响的记录数
                    int rows = rdbStore.delete(predicates);
                    d.setText("删除 " + rows + " 行记录");
                } else {
                    d.setText("请输入编号");
                }
                //提示信息
                d.show();
            }
        });

        //修改按钮监听
        btn_update.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                int id = Integer.parseInt(tf_id.getText());
                String name = tf_name.getText();
                String sex = tf_sex.getText();
                int age = Integer.parseInt(tf_age.getText());
                ToastDialog d = new ToastDialog(getContext());

                //修改对应编号的记录数据信息
                if (id > 0) {
                    //设置修改的数据
                    ValuesBucket valuesBucket = new ValuesBucket();
                    valuesBucket.putString(COLUMN_NAME, name);
                    valuesBucket.putString(COLUMN_SEX, sex);
                    valuesBucket.putInteger(COLUMN_AGE, age);

                    //设置删除条件和数据的编号相等
                    RdbPredicates predicates = new RdbPredicates(TABLE_NAME);
                    predicates.equalTo(COLUMN_ID, id);

                    //调用接口进行数据修改，返回修改的记录数
                    int rows = rdbStore.update(valuesBucket, predicates);
                    if(rows>0)
                        d.setText("修改了编号为 " + id + " 的记录");
                    else
                        d.setText("没有修改任何记录");
                } else {
                    d.setText("请输入编号");
                }
                //提示显示
                d.show();
            }
        });

        //查询全部按钮监听
        btn_query.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                //查询条件
                RdbPredicates predicates = new RdbPredicates(TABLE_NAME);

                String[] columns = new String[]{COLUMN_ID, COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_SEX, COLUMN_AGE};

                //调用query接口进行查询，返回结果集
                ResultSet resultSet = rdbStore.query(predicates, columns);
                if (resultSet.getRowCount() > 0) {
                    resultSet.goToFirstRow();
                    StringBuilder show = new StringBuilder();
                    show.append("编号  姓名  性别  年龄" + System.lineSeparator());
                    //遍历结果集
                    do {
                        int id = resultSet.getInt(resultSet.getColumnIndexForName(COLUMN_ID));
                        String name = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndexForName(COLUMN_NAME));
                        String sex = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndexForName(COLUMN_SEX));
                        int age = resultSet.getInt(resultSet.getColumnIndexForName(COLUMN_AGE));
                        show.append(id + "  " + name + "  " + sex + "    " + age);
                        show.append(System.lineSeparator());
                    } while (resultSet.goToNextRow());

                    //显示到Text中
                    t_show.setText(show.toString());
                } else {
                    t_show.setText("没有数据记录！");
                }
            }
        });
    }

总结

个人感觉java和C#代码差距还很大，鸿蒙基础很好学，简易的东西可以用来练手，别的还好。这只是一个基础，更深的可以用绑定来跳转手机上的联系人和信息等状态栏，通过跳转绑定可以更好的完善这个通讯录的简易系统。

**参考：**https://ost.51cto.com/posts/9528
华为开发者学堂，刘安战老师的课。