#星计划#OpenHarmony4.0的应用自动化测试开发原理 原创
左翼风发
发布于 2024-1-19 18:38
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背景
本章的主要内容为介绍OpenHarmony的应用自动化测试怎么进行，包括如何写，如何测，如何检视覆盖率和高级命令
新建工程
- 新建工程自带的UT：使用步骤就是点开Ability.test.ets然后点击abilityTest下的那个绿色箭头就可以看到下面的输出，默认工程会建立一个用例，所以执行结果就是Tests passed： 1
- 运行日志可通过hilog查看
-
命令行执行
aa test -b com.example.myapplication -m entry_test -s unittest /ets/testrunner/OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s class ActsAbilityTest -s timeout 15000 OHOS_REPORT_SUM: 1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: current=1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: id=JS OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: numtests=1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: stream= OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: test=assertContain OHOS_REPORT_STATUS_CODE: 1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: current=1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: id=JS OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: numtests=1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: stream= OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: test=assertContain OHOS_REPORT_STATUS_CODE: 0 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: consuming=6 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: suiteconsuming=6 OHOS_REPORT_RESULT: stream=Tests run: 1, Failure: 0, Error: 0, Pass: 1, Ignore: 0 OHOS_REPORT_CODE: 0 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: taskconsuming=6 TestFinished-ResultCode: 0 TestFinished-ResultMsg: your test finished!!! user test finished.
以上内容就是入门级使用说明，后面讲点理论
ArtTS单元测试框架
OpenHarmony自动化测试框架代码部件仓arkXtest，包含单元测试框架(JsUnit)和Ui测试框架(UiTest)。单元测试框架(JsUnit)提供单元测试用例执行能力，提供用例编写基础接口，生成对应报告，用于测试系统或应用接口。Ui测试框架(UiTest)通过简洁易用的API提供查找和操作界面控件能力，支持用户开发基于界面操作的自动化测试脚本。
目录
arkXtest
|-----jsunit 单元测试框架
|-----uitest Ui测试框架
单元测试框架功能特性（jsunit）
| No. | 特性 | 功能说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 基础流程 | 支持编写及异步执行基础用例。 |
| 2 | 断言库 | 判断用例实际期望值与预期值是否相符。 |
| 3 | Mock能力 | 支持函数级mock能力，对定义的函数进行mock后修改函数的行为，使其返回指定的值或者执行某种动作。 |
| 4 | 数据驱动 | 提供数据驱动能力，支持复用同一个测试脚本，使用不同输入数据驱动执行。 |
| 5 | 专项能力 | 支持测试套与用例筛选、随机执行、压力测试、超时设置、遇错即停模式等。 |
使用说明
-
基础流程（jsunit）
测试用例采用业内通用语法，describe代表一个测试套， it代表一条用例。
No. API 功能说明 1 describe 定义一个测试套，支持两个参数：测试套名称和测试套函数。 2 beforeAll 在测试套内定义一个预置条件，在所有测试用例开始前执行且仅执行一次，支持一个参数：预置动作函数。 3 beforeEach 在测试套内定义一个单元预置条件，在每条测试用例开始前执行，执行次数与it定义的测试用例数一致，支持一个参数：预置动作函数。 4 afterEach 在测试套内定义一个单元清理条件，在每条测试用例结束后执行，执行次数与it定义的测试用例数一致，支持一个参数：清理动作函数。 5 afterAll 在测试套内定义一个清理条件，在所有测试用例结束后执行且仅执行一次，支持一个参数：清理动作函数。 6 beforeItSpecified 在测试套内定义一个单元预置条件，仅在指定测试用例开始前执行，支持两个参数：单个用例名称或用例名称数组、预置动作函数。 7 afterItSpecified 在测试套内定义一个单元清理条件，仅在指定测试用例结束后执行，支持两个参数：单个用例名称或用例名称数组、清理动作函数 8 it 定义一条测试用例，支持三个参数：用例名称，过滤参数和用例函数。 9 expect 支持bool类型判断等多种断言方法。 10 getDescribeName 获取当前正在执行测试套的名称 11 getItName 获取当前正在执行测试用例的名称 12 getItAttribute 获取当前正在执行测试用例的级别、粒度、测试类型 -
示例代码（jsunit）
以下就是默认工程里的测试用例：describe就是定义一个测试套；it就是一个测试用例；
什么是测试套？：简单理解就是一组测试用例我们可以定为测试套，比如我要测一个页面的功能，播放，暂停，等等，就可以定义为一个测试套。当然测试套可以可以理解是个大范围，比如完整的一系列功能，比如，所有的arkui的控件测试套这种；
什么是测试用例？：可以理解为一个测试项目，比如说我点了“保存”按钮，会存手机名称这样；再简单点就是点了spinbutton，就会选中；很多测试用例组成一个测试套；
import hilog from '@ohos.hilog'; import { describe, beforeAll, beforeEach, afterEach, afterAll, it, expect } from '@ohos/hypium'; export default function abilityTest() { describe('ActsAbilityTest', () => { // Defines a test suite. Two parameters are supported: test suite name and test suite function. beforeAll(() => { // Presets an action, which is performed only once before all test cases of the test suite start. // This API supports only one parameter: preset action function. }) beforeEach(() => { // Presets an action, which is performed before each unit test case starts. // The number of execution times is the same as the number of test cases defined by **it**. // This API supports only one parameter: preset action function. }) afterEach(() => { // Presets a clear action, which is performed after each unit test case ends. // The number of execution times is the same as the number of test cases defined by **it**. // This API supports only one parameter: clear action function. }) afterAll(() => { // Presets a clear action, which is performed after all test cases of the test suite end. // This API supports only one parameter: clear action function. }) it('assertContain', 0, () => { // Defines a test case. This API supports three parameters: test case name, filter parameter, and test case function. hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', '%{public}s', 'it begin'); let a = 'abc'; let b = 'b'; // Defines a variety of assertion methods, which are used to declare expected boolean conditions. expect(a).assertContain(b); expect(a).assertEqual(a); }) }) } -
断言
断言功能列表：
No. API 功能说明 1 assertClose 检验actualvalue和expectvalue(0)的接近程度是否是expectValue(1)。 2 assertContain 检验actualvalue中是否包含expectvalue。 3 assertEqual 检验actualvalue是否等于expectvalue[0]。 4 assertFail 抛出一个错误。 5 assertFalse 检验actualvalue是否是false。 6 assertTrue 检验actualvalue是否是true。 7 assertInstanceOf 检验actualvalue是否是expectvalue类型，支持基础类型。 8 assertLarger 检验actualvalue是否大于expectvalue。 9 assertLess 检验actualvalue是否小于expectvalue。 10 assertNull 检验actualvalue是否是null。 11 assertThrowError 检验actualvalue抛出Error内容是否是expectValue。 12 assertUndefined 检验actualvalue是否是undefined。 13 assertNaN @since1.0.4 检验actualvalue是否是一个NAN 14 assertNegUnlimited @since1.0.4 检验actualvalue是否等于Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY 15 assertPosUnlimited @since1.0.4 检验actualvalue是否等于Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY 16 assertDeepEquals @since1.0.4 检验actualvalue和expectvalue是否完全相等 17 assertPromiseIsPending @since1.0.4 判断promise是否处于Pending状态。 18 assertPromiseIsRejected @since1.0.4 判断promise是否处于Rejected状态。 19 assertPromiseIsRejectedWith @since1.0.4 判断promise是否处于Rejected状态，并且比较执行的结果值。 20 assertPromiseIsRejectedWithError @since1.0.4 判断promise是否处于Rejected状态并有异常，同时比较异常的类型和message值。 21 assertPromiseIsResolved @since1.0.4 判断promise是否处于Resolved状态。 22 assertPromiseIsResolvedWith @since1.0.4 判断promise是否处于Resolved状态，并且比较执行的结果值。 23 not @since1.0.4 断言取反,支持上面所有的断言功能
以上都是jsunit的断言
单元测试框架功能特性（uitest）
| No. | 特性 | 功能说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Driver | Ui测试的入口，提供查找控件，检查控件存在性以及注入按键能力。 |
| 2 | On | 用于描述目标控件特征(文本、id、类型等)，Driver根据On描述的控件特征信息来查找控件。 |
| 3 | Component | Driver查找返回的控件对象，提供查询控件属性，滑动查找等触控和检视能力。 |
| 4 | UiWindow | Driver查找返回的窗口对象，提供获取窗口属性、操作窗口的能力。 |
使用说明
-
引入uitest框架
import {Driver,ON,Component,Uiwindow,MatchPattern} from '@ohos.UiTest' -
引入ability
import AbilityDelegatorRegistry from '@ohos.app.ability.abilityDelegatorRegistry'; -
添加启动应用准备
beforeAll(async (done: Function) => { // Presets an action, which is performed only once before all test cases of the test suite start. // This API supports only one parameter: preset action function. let abilityDelegator = AbilityDelegatorRegistry.getAbilityDelegator(); try { await abilityDelegator.startAbility({ bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication', abilityName: 'EntryAbility' }); } catch (exception) { console.info(TAG, `StartAbility_001 exception = ${JSON.stringify(exception)}`); expect().assertFail(); } done(); }) -
添加测试用例
it('StartAbility_001', 0, async (done: Function) => { console.info(TAG, 'StartAbility_001 begin'); let driver = Driver.create(); await driver.delayMs(100); await driver.assertComponentExist(ON.text('Hello World')); // find component by text let button: Component = await driver.findComponent(ON.text('Hello World').enabled(true)) // click component await button.click() // get and assert component text let content: string = await button.getText() expect(content).assertEqual('Hello World') done(); })须知
On类提供的接口全部是同步接口，使用者可以使用builder模式链式调用其接口构造控件筛选条件。Driver和Component类提供的接口全部是异步接口(Promise形式)，需使用await语法。- Ui测试用例均需使用异步语法编写用例，需遵循单元测试框架异步用例编写规范。
-
测试运行
-
手动测试
hdc_std.exe -t 7001005458323933328a017ce1c43800 shell aa test -b com.example.myapplication -m entry_test -s unittest /ets/testrunner/OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s class ActsAbilityTest -s timeout 15000 -s coverage true OHOS_REPORT_SUM: 2 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: current=1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: id=JS OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: numtests=2 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: stream= OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: test=assertContain OHOS_REPORT_STATUS_CODE: 1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: current=1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: id=JS OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: numtests=2 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: stream= OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: test=assertContain OHOS_REPORT_STATUS_CODE: 0 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: consuming=8 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: current=2 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: id=JS OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: numtests=2 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: stream= OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: test=StartAbility_001 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS_CODE: 1 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: current=2 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: id=JS OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: numtests=2 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: stream= OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: test=StartAbility_001 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS_CODE: 0 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: consuming=2397 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=ActsAbilityTest OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: suiteconsuming=2405 OHOS_REPORT_COVERAGE_DATA: {"C:\\Users\\Administrator\\DevEcoStudioProjects\\MyApplication12\\entry\\.test\\default\\intermediates\\source\\entry\\src\\main\\ets\\entryability\\EntryAbility.js":{"path":"C:\\Users\\Administrator\\DevEcoStudioProjects\\MyApplication12\\entry\\.test\\default\\intermediates\\source\\entry\\src\\main\\ets\\entryability\\EntryAbility.js","statementMap":{"0":{"start":{"line":5,"column":8},"end":{"line":5,"column":72}},"1":{"start":{"line":8,"column":8},"end":{"line":8,"column":73}},"2":{"start": OHOS_REPORT_COVERAGE_DATA: 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Error: 0, Pass: 2, Ignore: 0 OHOS_REPORT_CODE: 0 OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: taskconsuming=2405 TestFinished-ResultCode: 0 TestFinished-ResultMsg: your test finished!!! user test finished. -
覆盖率结果
-
为啥没覆盖到，可以点击具体部分查看
红色部分就是没覆盖部分，其实就是生命周期没覆盖，只测试了启动（也就是前台Foreground，没有后台Background，也没有load失败）所以生命周期的测试不完整。
专项能力
- 筛选能力
- 按测试用例属性筛选
可以利用hypium提供的Level、Size、TestType 对象，对测试用例进行标记，以区分测试用例的级别、粒度、测试类型，各字段含义及代码如下：
| Key | 含义说明 | Value取值说明 |
|---|---|---|
| level | 用例级别 | “0”,“1”,“2”,“3”,“4”, 例如：-s level 1 |
| size | 用例粒度 | “small”,“medium”,“large”, 例如：-s size small “small”,“medium”,“large”, 例如：-s size small |
| testType | 用例测试类型 | “function”,“performance”,“power”,“reliability”,“security”,“global”,“compatibility”,“user”,“standard”,“safety”,“resilience”, 例如：-s testType function |
示例代码：
import { describe, it, expect, TestType, Size, Level } from '@ohos/hypium';
export default function attributeTest() {
describe('attributeTest', () => {
it("testAttributeIt", TestType.FUNCTION | Size.SMALLTEST | Level.LEVEL0, () => {
console.info('Hello Test');
})
})
}
示例命令:
hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s testType function -s size small -s level 0
-
按测试套/测试用例名称筛选
hypium可以通过指定测试套与测试用例名称，来指定特定用例的执行，测试套与用例名称用“#”号连接，多个用“,”英文逗号分隔
Key 含义说明 Value取值范围 class 指定要执行的测试套&用例 ${describeName}#${itName}，${describeName} , 例如：-s class attributeTest#testAttributeIt notClass 指定不执行的测试套&用例 ${describeName}#${itName}，${describeName} , 例如：-s notClass attributeTest#testAttribu 示例代码：
import { describe, it, expect, TestType, Size, Level } from '@ohos/hypium'; export default function attributeTest() { describe('describeTest_000', () => { it("testIt_00", TestType.FUNCTION | Size.SMALLTEST | Level.LEVEL0, () => { console.info('Hello Test'); }) it("testIt_01", TestType.FUNCTION | Size.SMALLTEST | Level.LEVEL0, () => { console.info('Hello Test'); }) }) describe('describeTest_001', () => { it("testIt_02", TestType.FUNCTION | Size.SMALLTEST | Level.LEVEL0, () => { console.info('Hello Test'); }) }) }示例命令1:
hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s class describeTest_000#testIt_00,describeTest_001该命令作用是执行“describeTest_001”测试套中所用用例，以及“describeTest_000”测试套中的“testIt_00”用例。
示例命令2：
hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s notClass describeTest_000#testIt_01该命令作用是不执行“describeTest_000”测试套中的“testIt_01”用例。
-
随机执行
使测试套与测试用例随机执行，用于稳定性测试。
Key 含义说明 Value取值范围 random @since1.0.3 测试套、测试用例随机执行 true, 不传参默认为false， 例如：-s random true 示例命令：
hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s stress 1000
UT有用的命令
-
用例超时时间设置
指定测试用例执行的超时时间，用例实际耗时如果大于超时时间，用例会抛出"timeout"异常，用例结果会显示“excute timeout XXX”
Key 含义说明 Value取值范围 timeout 指定测试用例执行的超时时间 正整数(单位ms)，默认为 5000，例如： -s timeout 15000 示例命令：
hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s timeout 15000 -
遇错即停模式
Key 含义说明 Value取值范围 breakOnError @since1.0.6 遇错即停模式，当执行用例断言失败或者发生错误时，退出测试执行流程 true, 不传参默认为false， 例如：-s breakOnError true 示例命令：
hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s breakOnError true -
测试套中用例信息输出
输出测试应用中待执行的测试用例信息
Key 含义说明 Value取值范围 dryRun 显示待执行的测试用例信息全集 true, 不传参默认为false， 例如：-s dryRun true 示例命令：
hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s dryRun true
总结
-
OpenHarmony提供全面的应用侧自动化测试工具和框架能力；
©著作权归作者所有，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任
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已于2024-1-25 10:19:50修改
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单元测试、UI测试、覆盖率、CI这些都是非常重要的。一个鸿蒙APP从小打小闹走向大型项目，这些工具必不可少。完整工具链的支持是鸿蒙走向商业化的基石。
大佬，你有遇到过driver 初始化失败的情况吗？
有，具体要看打印，
我在手机上遇到这个问题，但openharmony开发板能跑测试。估计是手机有权限限制