数据结构之C语言实现哈夫曼编码
epeppanda
发布于 2021-2-6 09:20
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本文包含两个文件的代码和一张测试效果图:
HuffmanCD.h文件: 从叶到根逆向求哈夫曼编码
HuffmanCodingTest.cpp文件: 用于测试
效果图:(如下)
效果图:HuffmanCD.h文件:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
typedef struct{
int weight;
int parent,lchild,rchild;
}HTNode,*HuffmanTree;
typedef char** HuffmanCode; //动态分配数组存储哈夫曼编码表
void Select(HuffmanTree HT, int n, int &s1, int &s2)
{
int minum; // 定义一个临时变量保存最小值?
for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) // 以下是找到第一个最小值
{
if(HT[i].parent == 0)
{
minum = i;
break;
}
}
for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
{
if(HT[i].parent == 0)
if(HT[i].weight < HT[minum].weight)
minum = i;
}
s1 = minum;
// 以下是找到第二个最小值,且与第一个不同
for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
{
if(HT[i].parent == 0 && i != s1)
{
minum = i;
break;
}
}
for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
{
if(HT[i].parent == 0 && i != s1)
if(HT[i].weight < HT[minum].weight)
minum = i;
}
s2 = minum;
}
void HuffmanInit(HuffmanTree &HT, HuffmanCode &HC, char* ch, int* w, int n){
//ch存放n个字符,w存放n个字符的权值,构造哈夫曼树HT,并求出n个字符的哈夫曼编码HC
int m;
int i;
char* cd; //临时存储每个字符的编码串
int start; //记录编码在cd中存放的位置,初始指向最后,以便于逆向求编码
int c; //记录当前待编码字符的下标i
int f; //记录前待编码字符的下标i的双亲结点的下标
int s1, s2; //记录权值最小两个编码对应下标
HuffmanTree p;
if(n <= 1){
return;
}
m = 2 * n - 1; //n个叶子结点的哈夫曼树共有2n-1个结点
HT = (HuffmanTree)malloc((m + 1) * sizeof(HTNode)); //为了表示方便,0号单元未用
for(p = HT + 1, i = 1; i <= n; i++, p++, w++){
(*p).weight = *w;
(*p).parent = 0;
(*p).lchild = 0;
(*p).rchild = 0;
}
for(; i <= m; i++, p++){
(*p).weight = 0;
(*p).parent = 0;
(*p).lchild = 0;
(*p).rchild = 0;
}
for(i = n + 1; i <= m; i++){ //建哈夫曼树
Select(HT, i - 1, s1, s2);
HT[s1].parent = i;
HT[s2].parent = i;
HT[i].lchild = s1;
HT[i].rchild = s2;
HT[i].weight = HT[s1].weight + HT[s2].weight;
}
//从叶到根逆向求每个字符的哈夫曼编码
HC = (HuffmanCode)malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(char*)); //分配n个字符编码的头指针
cd = (char*)malloc(n * sizeof(char)); //分配求编码的工作空间
cd[n-1] = '\0';
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){ //求解n个字符的编码,循环n次
start = n - 1;
for(c = i, f = HT[i].parent; f != 0; c = f, f = HT[f].parent){ //从叶到根逆向求编码
if(HT[f].lchild == c){
HT[c].weight = 0;
cd[--start] = '0';
}
else{
HT[c].weight = 1;
cd[--start] = '1';
}
}
HC[i] = (char*)malloc((n - start) * sizeof(char)); //为第i个字符编码分配空间
strcpy(HC[i], &cd[start]); //从cd复制编码串到HC
printf("%c: ", ch[i-1]);
puts(HC[i]);
}
}
void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree HT, HuffmanCode HC, char* input_ch, char* ch, int n){
int i, j;
int len = strlen(input_ch);
printf("%s经哈夫曼编码后为: ", input_ch);
for(i = 0; i < len; i++){
for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
if(input_ch[i] == ch[j]){
printf("%s", HC[j+1]);
break;
}
}
}
}
//解码并未完全代码实现出来,只稍微写了点
//void HuffmanDeCoding(HuffmanTree HT, HuffmanCode HC, char* ch_num, int n){
// int i;
// int len = strlen(ch_num);
// HuffmanTree p = HT + 1;
// char cd[101];
// int count = 0;
// for(i = 0; i < len; i++){
// if(ch_num[i] == '0' && (*p).lchild != 0){
// (*p) = (*p).lchild;
// cd[count] = ch_num[i];
// count++;
// }
// else if(ch_num[i] == '1' && *(p)->rchild != 0){
// (*p) = (*p).rchild;
// cd[count] = ch_num[i];
// count++;
// }
// else{
// puts(cd);
// p = HT + 1;
// char cd[101];
// int count = 0;
// }
// }
//}
HuffmanCodingTest.cpp文件:
#include "HuffmanCD.h"
int main()
{
HuffmanTree HT;
char** HC;
int n = 6, wei;
char ch[6] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
int w[6] = {27, 8, 15, 15, 30, 5};
HuffmanInit(HT, HC, ch, w, n);
printf("\n");
char input_ch[101] = "BADCADFEED";
HuffmanCoding(HT, HC, input_ch, ch, n);
printf("\n");
// char input_num[101] = "101100101"; //CBA
// HuffmanDeCoding(HT, HC, input_num, n);
}
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已于2021-2-6 09:20:46修改
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