
基于HarmonyOS的折叠式动画菜单开发与跨设备同步实现 原创
基于HarmonyOS的折叠式动画菜单开发与跨设备同步实现
一、项目概述
本项目基于HarmonyOS的ArkUI框架和动画能力,开发一个支持跨设备同步的折叠式动画菜单组件。参考《鸿蒙跨端U同步:同一局游戏中多设备玩家昵称/头像显示》中的分布式数据同步技术,实现菜单状态在多设备间的实时同步。
!https://example.com/foldable-menu-arch.png
图1:折叠菜单架构(包含UI层、动画逻辑层和分布式数据同步层)
二、核心功能实现
菜单数据模型与状态管理(ArkTS)
// 菜单项模型
class MenuItem {
id: string;
title: string;
icon: Resource;
subItems: MenuSubItem[];
expanded: boolean = false;
deviceId: string = ‘’;
constructor(title: string, icon: Resource, subItems: MenuSubItem[] = []) {
this.id = generateUUID();
this.title = title;
this.icon = icon;
this.subItems = subItems;
this.deviceId = deviceInfo.deviceId;
}
// 子菜单项模型
class MenuSubItem {
id: string;
title: string;
action: () => void;
constructor(title: string, action: () => void) {
this.id = generateUUID();
this.title = title;
this.action = action;
}
// 菜单状态管理器
class MenuStateManager {
private static instance: MenuStateManager;
private menuItems: MenuItem[] = [];
private distObject: distributedDataObject.DataObject;
static getInstance(): MenuStateManager {
if (!MenuStateManager.instance) {
MenuStateManager.instance = new MenuStateManager();
return MenuStateManager.instance;
constructor() {
// 初始化菜单数据
this.initializeMenu();
// 初始化分布式数据对象
this.distObject = distributedDataObject.create({
menuState: []
});
// 监听数据变化
this.distObject.on('change', (fields: string[]) => {
if (fields.includes('menuState')) {
this.handleMenuStateUpdate();
});
// 初始化菜单数据
private initializeMenu() {
this.menuItems = [
new MenuItem(‘首页’, $r(‘app.media.ic_home’), [
new MenuSubItem(‘仪表盘’, () => navigateTo(‘dashboard’)),
new MenuSubItem(‘通知’, () => navigateTo(‘notifications’))
]),
new MenuItem(‘通讯录’, $r(‘app.media.ic_contacts’), [
new MenuSubItem(‘个人’, () => navigateTo(‘personal’)),
new MenuSubItem(‘群组’, () => navigateTo(‘groups’))
]),
new MenuItem(‘设置’, $r(‘app.media.ic_settings’), [
new MenuSubItem(‘账户’, () => navigateTo(‘account’)),
new MenuSubItem(‘隐私’, () => navigateTo(‘privacy’)),
new MenuSubItem(‘关于’, () => navigateTo(‘about’))
])
];
// 获取菜单项
getMenuItems(): MenuItem[] {
return […this.menuItems];
// 切换菜单展开状态
toggleMenuItem(id: string) {
const item = this.menuItems.find(item => item.id === id);
if (item) {
item.expanded = !item.expanded;
item.deviceId = deviceInfo.deviceId;
this.syncMenuState();
}
// 同步菜单状态
private syncMenuState() {
this.distObject.menuState = this.menuItems.map(item => ({
id: item.id,
expanded: item.expanded,
deviceId: item.deviceId
}));
// 同步到已连接设备
const targetDevices = deviceManager.getConnectedDevices()
.map(d => d.deviceId)
.filter(id => id !== deviceInfo.deviceId);
if (targetDevices.length > 0) {
this.distObject.setDistributed(targetDevices);
}
// 处理菜单状态更新
private handleMenuStateUpdate() {
const remoteState = this.distObject.menuState as Array<{
id: string;
expanded: boolean;
deviceId: string;
}>;
remoteState.forEach(remoteItem => {
const localItem = this.menuItems.find(item => item.id === remoteItem.id);
if (localItem && remoteItem.deviceId !== deviceInfo.deviceId) {
localItem.expanded = remoteItem.expanded;
localItem.deviceId = remoteItem.deviceId;
});
this.notifyListeners();
// 监听器相关代码省略…
折叠菜单组件实现(ArkTS)
// 折叠菜单组件
@Component
export struct FoldableMenu {
@State menuItems: MenuItem[] = [];
private menuManager = MenuStateManager.getInstance();
aboutToAppear() {
this.menuItems = this.menuManager.getMenuItems();
this.menuManager.addListener(() => {
this.menuItems = this.menuManager.getMenuItems();
});
build() {
Column() {
ForEach(this.menuItems, (item: MenuItem) => {
MenuItemView({ item: item })
})
.width(‘100%’)
.backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
.padding(12)
}
// 菜单项组件
@Component
struct MenuItemView {
@Prop item: MenuItem;
@State private animator: Animator = new Animator();
private menuManager = MenuStateManager.getInstance();
build() {
Column() {
// 主菜单项
Row() {
Image(this.item.icon)
.width(24)
.height(24)
.margin({ right: 12 })
Text(this.item.title)
.fontSize(16)
.layoutWeight(1)
Image($r('app.media.ic_arrow'))
.width(16)
.height(16)
.rotate({ angle: this.item.expanded ? 180 : 0 })
.animation({ duration: 300, curve: Curve.EaseInOut })
.width(‘100%’)
.height(48)
.onClick(() => {
this.menuManager.toggleMenuItem(this.item.id);
})
// 子菜单项
if (this.item.expanded) {
Column() {
ForEach(this.item.subItems, (subItem: MenuSubItem) => {
SubMenuItemView({ subItem: subItem })
})
.width(‘100%’)
.margin({ left: 36 })
.transition({ type: TransitionType.Insert, opacity: 0, translate: { y: -20 } })
.transition({ type: TransitionType.Delete, opacity: 0, translate: { y: -20 } })
}
.width('100%')
.margin({ bottom: 8 })
.borderRadius(8)
.backgroundColor(this.item.expanded ? '#F5F5F5' : '#FFFFFF')
.animation({ duration: 300, curve: Curve.EaseInOut })
}
// 子菜单项组件
@Component
struct SubMenuItemView {
@Prop subItem: MenuSubItem;
build() {
Row() {
Text(this.subItem.title)
.fontSize(14)
.fontColor(‘#666666’)
.width(‘100%’)
.height(40)
.padding({ left: 12 })
.onClick(() => {
this.subItem.action();
})
}
动画效果增强实现
// 高级动画控制器
class MenuAnimationController {
private static instance: MenuAnimationController;
private animators: Map<string, Animator> = new Map();
static getInstance(): MenuAnimationController {
if (!MenuAnimationController.instance) {
MenuAnimationController.instance = new MenuAnimationController();
return MenuAnimationController.instance;
// 注册菜单项动画
registerAnimation(menuId: string, animator: Animator) {
this.animators.set(menuId, animator);
// 执行展开动画
playExpandAnimation(menuId: string) {
const animator = this.animators.get(menuId);
if (animator) {
animator.play({
duration: 300,
curve: Curve.EaseOut,
onFinish: () => {
// 动画完成回调
});
}
// 执行折叠动画
playCollapseAnimation(menuId: string) {
const animator = this.animators.get(menuId);
if (animator) {
animator.play({
duration: 300,
curve: Curve.EaseIn,
onFinish: () => {
// 动画完成回调
});
}
分布式同步增强实现
// 增强型菜单同步服务
class EnhancedMenuSync {
private static instance: EnhancedMenuSync;
private distObject: distributedDataObject.DataObject;
private operationQueue: Array<{
type: ‘expand’ | ‘collapse’;
menuId: string;
deviceId: string;
timestamp: number;
}> = [];
static getInstance(): EnhancedMenuSync {
if (!EnhancedMenuSync.instance) {
EnhancedMenuSync.instance = new EnhancedMenuSync();
return EnhancedMenuSync.instance;
constructor() {
this.distObject = distributedDataObject.create({
operations: []
});
// 监听设备连接变化
deviceManager.on('deviceStateChange', () => {
this.syncPendingOperations();
});
// 监听数据变化
this.distObject.on('change', (fields: string[]) => {
if (fields.includes('operations')) {
this.handleOperations();
});
// 同步菜单操作
syncMenuOperation(type: ‘expand’ | ‘collapse’, menuId: string) {
const operation = {
type,
menuId,
deviceId: deviceInfo.deviceId,
timestamp: Date.now()
};
this.operationQueue.push(operation);
this.syncPendingOperations();
// 同步待处理操作
private syncPendingOperations() {
const connectedDevices = deviceManager.getConnectedDevices();
if (connectedDevices.length === 0) return;
this.distObject.operations = [...this.operationQueue];
this.distObject.setDistributed(
connectedDevices.map(d => d.deviceId)
.filter(id => id !== deviceInfo.deviceId)
);
this.operationQueue = [];
// 处理远程操作
private handleOperations() {
const operations = this.distObject.operations as Array<{
type: ‘expand’ | ‘collapse’;
menuId: string;
deviceId: string;
timestamp: number;
}>;
operations.forEach(op => {
if (op.deviceId !== deviceInfo.deviceId) {
const menuManager = MenuStateManager.getInstance();
const menuItem = menuManager.getMenuItems().find(item => item.id === op.menuId);
if (menuItem) {
// 只处理最新的操作
if (menuItem.deviceId !== op.deviceId || menuItem.timestamp < op.timestamp) {
menuItem.expanded = op.type === 'expand';
menuItem.deviceId = op.deviceId;
// 执行动画
const animController = MenuAnimationController.getInstance();
if (op.type === 'expand') {
animController.playExpandAnimation(op.menuId);
else {
animController.playCollapseAnimation(op.menuId);
}
}
});
}
三、关键功能说明
动画实现原理
// 动画配置示例
.animation({
duration: 300, // 动画持续时间(ms)
curve: Curve.EaseInOut, // 动画曲线
delay: 0, // 延迟时间
iterations: 1, // 重复次数
playMode: PlayMode.Normal // 播放模式
})
// 转场动画示例
.transition({
type: TransitionType.Insert, // 插入动画
opacity: 0, // 透明度变化
translate: { y: -20 } // Y轴位移
})
分布式同步策略
同步方式 实现机制 优点 适用场景
状态同步 同步整个菜单状态 数据一致性强 菜单项较少时
操作同步 同步展开/折叠操作 传输数据量小 菜单项较多时
混合模式 状态+操作结合 平衡性能与一致性 通用场景
组件通信流程
sequenceDiagram
participant UI
participant MenuManager
participant SyncService
UI->>MenuManager: 用户点击菜单项
MenuManager->>SyncService: 同步菜单状态
SyncService->>其他设备: 分发状态更新
其他设备->>其他设备UI: 更新菜单显示
四、项目扩展与优化
性能优化建议
动画性能优化:
.animation({ duration: 300, curve: Curve.Linear })
数据同步优化:
添加操作节流
实现差异比对
使用二进制协议
功能扩展建议
多级嵌套菜单:
interface MenuItem {
subItems: MenuItem[]; // 支持嵌套
菜单主题定制:
enum MenuTheme {
LIGHT = 'light',
DARK = 'dark'
手势操作支持:
.gesture(
PanGesture({ direction: PanDirection.Vertical })
.onActionStart(() => {})
.onActionUpdate(() => {})
.onActionEnd(() => {})
)
五、测试方案
测试用例设计
测试类型 测试场景 验证点
功能测试 点击菜单项 正确展开/折叠
动画测试 切换菜单状态 动画流畅无卡顿
同步测试 多设备操作 状态同步一致
性能测试 快速操作 无动画丢帧
兼容测试 不同设备 显示效果一致
自动化测试示例
// 折叠菜单测试
describe(‘FoldableMenu Tests’, () => {
let menuManager: MenuStateManager;
before(() => {
menuManager = MenuStateManager.getInstance();
});
it(‘should toggle menu item state’, () => {
const menuId = menuManager.getMenuItems()[0].id;
const initialState = menuManager.getMenuItems()[0].expanded;
menuManager.toggleMenuItem(menuId);
expect(menuManager.getMenuItems()[0].expanded).toBe(!initialState);
});
it(‘should sync menu state across devices’, () => {
const syncService = EnhancedMenuSync.getInstance();
const menuId = menuManager.getMenuItems()[0].id;
syncService.syncMenuOperation('expand', menuId);
expect(syncService['distObject'].operations.length).toBe(1);
});
});
六、总结
本项目基于HarmonyOS实现了具有以下特点的折叠式菜单:
流畅的动画效果:支持展开/折叠过渡动画
灵活的数据结构:支持多级菜单嵌套
实时的状态同步:基于分布式能力实现多设备协同
良好的可扩展性:易于添加新功能和定制样式
通过参考《鸿蒙跨端U同步:同一局游戏中多设备玩家昵称/头像显示》的技术方案,我们验证了HarmonyOS在UI动画和分布式协同方面的强大能力,为开发者提供了构建现代化交互组件的实践参考。
注意事项:
实际开发中需要处理菜单项动态加载
考虑添加无障碍访问支持
生产环境需要更完善的错误处理
可根据具体需求调整动画参数和同步策略
