鸿蒙5天气卡片组件开发实战：跨设备天气数据同步 原创

鸿蒙5天气卡片组件开发实战：跨设备天气数据同步

一、项目概述与架构设计

本天气卡片组件基于鸿蒙5的ArkUI声明式开发范式和分布式能力实现，主要功能包括：
美观的天气信息展示

多设备天气数据实时同步

自适应不同设备尺寸

动态天气效果渲染

技术架构图

┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐
手机设备 │ │ 平板设备 │ │ 智慧屏 │

┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │

│ 天气卡片 │─┼───▶│ │ 天气卡片 │ │ │ │ 天气大屏 │ │

└────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │

└───────┬─────┘ └───────┬─────┘ └───────┬─────┘
│ │

    └─────────┬────────┴─────────┬────────┘

│

      ┌───────▼───────┐   ┌───────▼───────┐

分布式数据服务 │ │ 天气API服务 │

      └───────────────┘   └───────────────┘

二、核心代码实现
天气数据模型

// WeatherData.ets
export interface WeatherData {
city: string;
temperature: number;
condition: WeatherCondition;
humidity: number;
windSpeed: number;
updateTime: string;
deviceId?: string;
type WeatherCondition =

‘sunny’ ‘cloudy’ ‘rainy’ ‘snowy’
‘thunderstorm’;

分布式数据同步服务

// WeatherSyncService.ets
import distributedData from ‘@ohos.data.distributedData’;

export class WeatherSyncService {
private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;
private readonly STORE_ID = ‘weather_data_store’;

async init() {
const kvManager = await distributedData.createKVManager({
bundleName: ‘com.example.weathercard’
});
this.kvStore = await kvManager.getKVStore(this.STORE_ID, {
createIfMissing: true,
autoSync: true
});
async syncWeatherData(data: WeatherData) {

try {
  await this.kvStore.put(weather_${data.city}, JSON.stringify({
    ...data,
    deviceId: deviceInfo.deviceId,
    timestamp: new Date().getTime()
  }));

catch (err) {

  console.error('Sync weather data failed:', err);

}

subscribeWeatherChanges(callback: (data: WeatherData) => void) {
this.kvStore.on(‘dataChange’, distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (changes) => {
changes.forEach(change => {
if (change.key.startsWith(‘weather_’)) {
const weatherData = JSON.parse(change.value);
if (weatherData.deviceId !== deviceInfo.deviceId) {
callback(weatherData);
}

  });
});

}

天气卡片主组件

// WeatherCard.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct WeatherCard {
@State weatherData: WeatherData = {
city: ‘北京’,
temperature: 26,
condition: ‘sunny’,
humidity: 45,
windSpeed: 3,
updateTime: ‘10:00’
};

private syncService = new WeatherSyncService();

aboutToAppear() {
this.syncService.init();
this.syncService.subscribeWeatherChanges(this.handleWeatherUpdate.bind(this));
build() {

Column() {
  // 城市和更新时间
  Row() {
    Text(this.weatherData.city)
      .fontSize(20)
      .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
    
    Text(this.weatherData.updateTime)
      .fontSize(12)
      .margin({ left: 10 })

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start)

  .width('100%')
  
  // 温度显示
  Row() {
    Text(this.weatherData.temperature.toString())
      .fontSize(48)
    
    Text('°C')
      .fontSize(24)
      .margin({ top: 10 })

.margin({ top: 10 })

  // 天气状态和详情
  Row() {
    Column() {
      Text(this.getConditionText())
        .fontSize(16)
      
      Text(湿度 ${this.weatherData.humidity}%)
        .fontSize(12)
      
      Text(风速 ${this.weatherData.windSpeed}km/h)
        .fontSize(12)

}

  .width('100%')
  .margin({ top: 15 })

.padding(20)

.width(180)
.height(220)
.borderRadius(16)
.backgroundEffect(BlurEffect.SystemChromeMaterial)

private handleWeatherUpdate(data: WeatherData) {

this.weatherData = data;

private getConditionText(): string {

const conditions = {
  sunny: '晴',
  cloudy: '多云',
  rainy: '雨',
  snowy: '雪',
  thunderstorm: '雷雨'
};
return conditions[this.weatherData.condition] || '未知';

}

三、关键技术创新点
多设备数据同步策略

// 数据冲突解决算法
private resolveWeatherConflict(local: WeatherData, remote: WeatherData): WeatherData {
// 策略1: 时间戳优先
if (remote.timestamp > local.timestamp) {
return remote;
// 策略2: 设备优先级

const devicePriority = [‘tv’, ‘tablet’, ‘phone’];
if (devicePriority.indexOf(remote.deviceId) > devicePriority.indexOf(local.deviceId)) {
return remote;
return local;

动态天气效果渲染

// 天气动画组件
@Component
struct WeatherAnimation {
@Prop condition: WeatherCondition;

build() {
Column() {
if (this.condition === ‘sunny’) {
// 阳光动画
Image(‘sun.png’)
.width(60)
.height(60)
.animation({
iterations: -1,
duration: 2000,
curve: Curve.EaseInOut,
playMode: PlayMode.Alternate
})
else if (this.condition === ‘rainy’) {

    // 雨滴动画
    ForEach(Array.from({length: 20}), (_, i) => {
      Rect()
        .width(2)
        .height(10)
        .fill(Color.Blue)
        .position({ x: Math.random()  100, y: Math.random()  100 })
        .animation({
          duration: 1000,
          iterations: -1,
          delay: i * 50
        })
    })

}

}

设备自适应布局

// 自适应布局修饰器
@Extend(Text) function adaptiveText(deviceType: string) {
.fontSize(deviceType = ‘phone’ ? 16 : (deviceType = ‘tablet’ ? 20 : 24))
.margin({
top: deviceType === ‘phone’ ? 8 : 12,
bottom: deviceType === ‘phone’ ? 8 : 12
})
// 使用示例

Text(this.weatherData.city)
.adaptiveText(deviceInfo.deviceType)

四、完整示例代码
天气卡片增强版

// EnhancedWeatherCard.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct EnhancedWeatherCard {
@State weatherData: WeatherData;
@State forecast: ForecastItem[] = [];

private syncService = new WeatherSyncService();
private weatherService = new WeatherService();

aboutToAppear() {
this.syncService.init();
this.loadWeatherData();
build() {

Column() {
  // 当前天气
  CurrentWeatherView({ weather: this.weatherData })
  
  // 天气预报
  Scroll() {
    Row() {
      ForEach(this.forecast, (item) => {
        ForecastItemView({ item })
      })

}

  .height(100)
  .margin({ top: 15 })
  
  // 刷新按钮
  Button('刷新', { type: ButtonType.Capsule })
    .margin({ top: 10 })
    .onClick(() => this.refreshWeather())

}

private async loadWeatherData() {
const data = await this.weatherService.getCurrentWeather();
this.weatherData = data;
this.syncService.syncWeatherData(data);

this.forecast = await this.weatherService.getForecast();

}

天气预报子项组件

// ForecastItemView.ets
@Component
struct ForecastItemView {
@Prop item: ForecastItem;

build() {
Column() {
Text(this.item.day)
.fontSize(12)

  Image(this.getWeatherIcon())
    .width(30)
    .height(30)
  
  Text({this.item.tempMin}°/{this.item.tempMax}°)
    .fontSize(14)

.padding(10)

private getWeatherIcon(): string {

switch (this.item.condition) {
  case 'sunny': return 'sun.png';
  case 'rainy': return 'rain.png';
  case 'cloudy': return 'cloud.png';
  default: return 'cloud.png';

}

五、项目部署与测试
权限配置

在module.json5中添加：

“requestPermissions”: [
“name”: “ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.INTERNET”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.LOCATION”

]

测试方案

// 天气数据同步测试
describe(‘WeatherSync’, () => {
it(‘should sync weather data between devices’, async () => {
const device1 = new MockDevice(‘device1’);
const device2 = new MockDevice(‘device2’);

await device1.updateWeather({ temperature: 25 });
await device2.waitForSync();

expect(device2.getWeather().temperature).toEqual(25);

});
});

// UI渲染测试
describe(‘WeatherCard’, () => {
it(‘should display correct weather condition’, () => {
const card = new WeatherCard();
card.weatherData = {
city: ‘北京’,
temperature: 26,
condition: ‘sunny’,
humidity: 45,
windSpeed: 3,
updateTime: ‘10:00’
};

expect(card.getConditionText()).toEqual('晴');

});
});

六、总结与扩展

本方案实现了：
基于ArkUI的声明式天气卡片开发

利用分布式能力实现多设备数据同步

动态天气效果渲染

设备自适应布局

扩展方向：
添加天气预警推送功能

集成空气质量显示

开发天气主题动态切换

支持语音天气查询

鸿蒙的分布式能力与声明式UI的结合，为多设备天气应用开发提供了强大支持。开发者可基于此项目框架，进一步探索更丰富的天气相关应用场景。