鸿蒙5智能家居控制面板开发实战：基于原子化服务的多设备UI同步原创

进修的泡芙

发布于 2025-6-20 13:43

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鸿蒙5智能家居控制面板开发实战：基于原子化服务的多设备UI同步

一、项目概述与架构设计

本智能家居控制面板基于鸿蒙5的原子化服务和分布式能力实现，主要功能包括：
多设备控制界面实时同步

分布式设备状态管理

场景化智能控制

自适应UI布局

技术架构图

┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐
手机设备 │ │ 平板设备 │ │ 智慧屏 │

┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │

│ 控制面板 │─┼───▶│ │ 控制面板 │ │ │ │ 大屏控制 │ │

└────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │

└───────┬─────┘ └───────┬─────┘ └───────┬─────┘
│ │

    └─────────┬────────┴─────────┬────────┘

│

      ┌───────▼───────┐   ┌───────▼───────┐

分布式数据服务 │ │ 设备控制服务 │

      └───────────────┘   └───────────────┘

二、核心代码实现
原子化服务封装

// HomeControlService.ets
import distributedData from ‘@ohos.data.distributedData’;
import featureAbility from ‘@ohos.ability.featureAbility’;

export class HomeControlService {
private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;
private readonly STORE_ID = ‘smart_home_store’;

async init() {
const kvManager = await distributedData.createKVManager({
bundleName: ‘com.example.smarthome’
});
this.kvStore = await kvManager.getKVStore(this.STORE_ID, {
createIfMissing: true,
autoSync: true,
kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION
});
async controlDevice(device: DeviceInfo, command: ControlCommand) {

// 本地执行控制
await this.executeLocalCommand(device, command);

// 同步控制状态
await this.kvStore.put(device_${device.id}, JSON.stringify({
  deviceId: device.id,
  status: command.status,
  value: command.value,
  timestamp: new Date().getTime(),
  sourceDevice: deviceInfo.deviceId
}));

subscribeDeviceChanges(callback: (device: DeviceStatus) => void) {

this.kvStore.on('dataChange', distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (changes) => {
  changes.forEach(change => {
    if (change.key.startsWith('device_')) {
      const status = JSON.parse(change.value);
      if (status.sourceDevice !== deviceInfo.deviceId) {
        callback(status);

}

  });
});

private async executeLocalCommand(device: DeviceInfo, command: ControlCommand) {

try {
  await featureAbility.startAbility({
    bundleName: device.bundle,
    abilityName: device.ability,
    parameters: {
      action: command.action,
      value: command.value

});

catch (err) {

  console.error(控制设备 ${device.name} 失败:, err);

}

设备卡片组件

// DeviceCard.ets
@Component
struct DeviceCard {
@Prop device: DeviceInfo;
@State currentStatus: DeviceStatus;

private controlService = new HomeControlService();

aboutToAppear() {
this.controlService.subscribeDeviceChanges(this.handleStatusChange.bind(this));
build() {

Column() {
  // 设备图标
  Image(this.getDeviceIcon())
    .width(40)
    .height(40)
  
  // 设备名称
  Text(this.device.name)
    .fontSize(16)
    .margin({ top: 5 })
  
  // 状态显示
  Text(this.getStatusText())
    .fontSize(12)
    .opacity(0.7)
  
  // 控制按钮
  if (this.device.type === 'light') {
    this.renderLightControls();

else if (this.device.type === ‘thermostat’) {

    this.renderThermostatControls();

}

.padding(15)
.borderRadius(12)
.backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')

@Builder renderLightControls() {

Row() {
  Button('开', { type: ButtonType.Circle })
    .onClick(() => this.sendCommand({ action: 'turnOn', value: true }))
  
  Button('关', { type: ButtonType.Circle })
    .margin({ left: 10 })
    .onClick(() => this.sendCommand({ action: 'turnOff', value: false }))

}

private sendCommand(command: ControlCommand) {
this.controlService.controlDevice(this.device, command);
private handleStatusChange(status: DeviceStatus) {

if (status.deviceId === this.device.id) {
  this.currentStatus = status;

}

场景化控制面板

// ScenarioPanel.ets
@Component
struct ScenarioPanel {
@State activeScenario: string = ‘home’;
@State devices: DeviceInfo[] = [];

private controlService = new HomeControlService();

aboutToAppear() {
this.loadDevices();
build() {

Column() {
  // 场景选择
  ScenarioSelector({
    active: this.activeScenario,
    onChange: (scenario) => this.activeScenario = scenario
  })
  
  // 设备网格
  Grid() {
    ForEach(this.devices, (device) => {
      GridItem() {
        DeviceCard({ device })

})

.columnsTemplate(‘1fr 1fr’)

  .rowsTemplate('1fr 1fr')
  
  // 添加设备按钮
  Button('添加设备', { type: ButtonType.Capsule })
    .margin(20)
    .onClick(() => this.showAddDeviceDialog())

}

private async loadDevices() {
const entries = await this.controlService.getDevices();
this.devices = entries.map(entry => JSON.parse(entry.value));
}

三、关键技术创新点
多设备状态同步算法

// 状态冲突解决策略
private resolveStatusConflict(current: DeviceStatus, incoming: DeviceStatus): DeviceStatus {
// 策略1: 时间戳优先
if (incoming.timestamp > current.timestamp) {
return incoming;
// 策略2: 主控设备优先

if (incoming.sourceDevice === this.masterDeviceId) {
return incoming;
return current;

自适应UI布局系统

// 设备卡片布局适配器
class DeviceCardAdapter {
static getLayoutConfig(deviceType: string, screenSize: ScreenSize): LayoutConfig {
const baseConfig = {
phone: {
cardWidth: ‘45%’,
iconSize: 40,
showDescription: true
},
tablet: {
cardWidth: ‘30%’,
iconSize: 50,
showDescription: true
},
tv: {
cardWidth: ‘20%’,
iconSize: 60,
showDescription: false
};

// 特殊设备类型处理
if (deviceType === 'camera') {
  return {
    ...baseConfig[screenSize],
    cardHeight: screenSize === 'phone' ? '180px' : '240px'
  };

return baseConfig[screenSize];

}

分布式控制优化

// 控制命令批量处理
async batchControlDevices(commands: BatchCommand[]) {
// 1. 本地执行
const localResults = await Promise.all(
commands.map(cmd => this.executeLocalCommand(cmd.device, cmd.command))
);

// 2. 批量同步状态
const syncData = commands.map(cmd => ({
key: device_${cmd.device.id},
value: JSON.stringify({
deviceId: cmd.device.id,
status: cmd.command.status,
value: cmd.command.value,
timestamp: Date.now(),
sourceDevice: deviceInfo.deviceId
})
}));

await this.kvStore.putBatch(syncData);

四、完整UI组件实现
场景选择器组件

// ScenarioSelector.ets
@Component
struct ScenarioSelector {
@Prop active: string;
@Prop onChange: (scenario: string) => void;

@State scenarios: Scenario[] = [
id: ‘home’, name: ‘在家模式’, icon: ‘home.png’ },

id: ‘away’, name: ‘离家模式’, icon: ‘away.png’ },

id: ‘night’, name: ‘夜间模式’, icon: ‘night.png’ }

];

build() {
Scroll() {
Row() {
ForEach(this.scenarios, (scenario) => {
Column() {
Image(scenario.icon)
.width(40)
.height(40)
.opacity(this.active === scenario.id ? 1 : 0.6)

        Text(scenario.name)
          .fontSize(14)
          .opacity(this.active === scenario.id ? 1 : 0.6)

.onClick(() => this.onChange(scenario.id))

      .margin(10)
    })

}

.scrollable(ScrollDirection.Horizontal)

}

设备添加对话框

// AddDeviceDialog.ets
@Component
struct AddDeviceDialog {
@State newDevice: Partial<DeviceInfo> = {};
@State availableDevices: DiscoveredDevice[] = [];

private discoveryService = new DeviceDiscoveryService();

aboutToAppear() {
this.startDiscovery();
build() {

Column() {
  Text('添加新设备')
    .fontSize(18)
    .margin({ bottom: 15 })
  
  // 设备列表
  List() {
    ForEach(this.availableDevices, (device) => {
      ListItem() {
        Row() {
          Image(device.typeIcon)
            .width(30)
            .height(30)
          
          Text(device.name)
            .margin({ left: 10 })

.onClick(() => this.selectDevice(device))

})

.height(‘60%’)

  // 操作按钮
  Row() {
    Button('取消')
      .onClick(() => AppStorage.set('showAddDialog', false))
    
    Button('确认')
      .margin({ left: 20 })
      .onClick(() => this.confirmAdd())

.margin({ top: 20 })

.padding(20)

private startDiscovery() {

this.discoveryService.start((device) => {
  this.availableDevices = [...this.availableDevices, device];
});

private selectDevice(device: DiscoveredDevice) {

this.newDevice = {
  id: device.id,
  name: device.name,
  type: device.type
};

}

五、项目部署与测试
权限配置

在module.json5中添加：

“requestPermissions”: [
“name”: “ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.ACCESS_SMART_HOME”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.CONTROL_DEVICE”

},
“name”: “ohos.permission.DISCOVER_DEVICE”

]

测试方案

// 设备控制测试
describe(‘DeviceControl’, () => {
it(‘should sync control command to other devices’, async () => {
const device1 = new MockDevice(‘device1’);
const device2 = new MockDevice(‘device2’);

await device1.sendCommand('light1', { action: 'turnOn' });
await device2.waitForCommand();

expect(device2.getDeviceStatus('light1')).toBe('on');

});
});

// UI状态同步测试
describe(‘UISync’, () => {
it(‘should update UI when receive status change’, async () => {
const panel = new ControlPanel();
await panel.init();

const testStatus = {
  deviceId: 'thermostat1',
  status: 'heating',
  value: 25,
  timestamp: Date.now()
};

panel.mockStatusChange(testStatus);
expect(panel.getDeviceCard('thermostat1').status).toBe('heating');

});
});

六、总结与扩展

本方案实现了：
基于原子化服务的分布式控制面板

多设备状态实时同步

场景化智能控制策略

自适应多端UI布局

扩展方向：
集成语音控制功能

添加AI节能优化建议

开发家庭成员权限管理

支持第三方设备接入

鸿蒙的分布式能力与原子化服务为智能家居应用开发提供了强大支持，开发者可基于此项目框架构建更丰富的智能家居场景。

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