鸿蒙跨端手语识别翻译系统开发指南 原创

鸿蒙跨端手语识别翻译系统开发指南

一、系统架构设计

基于HarmonyOS的AI能力和分布式技术，构建手语动作识别与翻译系统：
图像采集层：通过摄像头实时捕捉手部动作

动作识别层：使用AI模型识别手语动作

翻译转换层：将识别结果转换为文字/语音

跨端同步层：多设备间同步识别结果

!https://example.com/harmony-sign-language-system-arch.png

二、核心代码实现
手语识别服务

// SignLanguageService.ets
import ai from ‘@ohos.ai’;
import distributedData from ‘@ohos.distributedData’;
import { SignLanguageResult } from ‘./SignLanguageTypes’;

class SignLanguageService {
private static instance: SignLanguageService = null;
private modelManager: ai.ModelManager;
private dataManager: distributedData.DataManager;
private resultListeners: SignLanguageResultListener[] = [];

private constructor() {
this.initModelManager();
this.initDataManager();
public static getInstance(): SignLanguageService {

if (!SignLanguageService.instance) {
  SignLanguageService.instance = new SignLanguageService();

return SignLanguageService.instance;

private initModelManager(): void {

try {
  this.modelManager = ai.createModelManager(getContext());
  
  // 加载预训练手语识别模型
  this.modelManager.loadModel({
    modelName: 'sign_language_recognition',
    modelPath: 'resources/rawfile/sign_language.model',
    callback: (err, data) => {
      if (err) {
        console.error('加载手语模型失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

else {

        console.log('手语模型加载成功');

}

  });

catch (err) {

  console.error('初始化模型管理器失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

private initDataManager(): void {
this.dataManager = distributedData.createDataManager({
bundleName: ‘com.example.signlanguage’,
area: distributedData.Area.GLOBAL,
isEncrypted: true
});

this.dataManager.registerDataListener('sign_language_sync', (data) => {
  this.handleSyncData(data);
});

public async requestPermissions(): Promise<boolean> {

try {
  const permissions = [
    'ohos.permission.USE_AI',
    'ohos.permission.CAMERA',
    'ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC'
  ];
  
  const result = await abilityAccessCtrl.requestPermissionsFromUser(
    getContext(), 
    permissions
  );
  
  return result.grantedPermissions.length === permissions.length;

catch (err) {

  console.error('请求权限失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  return false;

}

public async recognizeSign(imageData: ArrayBuffer): Promise<SignLanguageResult> {
try {
const input = {
data: imageData,
width: 224,
height: 224,
format: ‘RGB’
};

  const output = await this.modelManager.runModel({
    modelName: 'sign_language_recognition',
    input: input
  });
  
  const result: SignLanguageResult = {
    id: Date.now().toString(),
    sign: output.result.sign,
    text: output.result.text,
    confidence: output.result.confidence,
    timestamp: Date.now()
  };
  
  // 同步识别结果
  this.syncResult(result);
  
  return result;

catch (err) {

  console.error('手语识别失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  throw err;

}

private syncResult(result: SignLanguageResult): void {
this.dataManager.syncData(‘sign_language_sync’, {
type: ‘sign_language_result’,
result: result,
timestamp: Date.now()
});
private handleSyncData(data: any): void {

if (!data || data.type !== 'sign_language_result') return;

this.notifyResultListeners(data.result);

private notifyResultListeners(result: SignLanguageResult): void {

this.resultListeners.forEach(listener => {
  listener.onSignLanguageResult(result);
});

public addResultListener(listener: SignLanguageResultListener): void {

if (!this.resultListeners.includes(listener)) {
  this.resultListeners.push(listener);

}

public removeResultListener(listener: SignLanguageResultListener): void {
this.resultListeners = this.resultListeners.filter(l => l !== listener);
}

interface SignLanguageResultListener {
onSignLanguageResult(result: SignLanguageResult): void;
export const signLanguageService = SignLanguageService.getInstance();

相机服务封装

// CameraService.ets
import camera from ‘@ohos.multimedia.camera’;
import image from ‘@ohos.multimedia.image’;

class CameraService {
private static instance: CameraService = null;
private cameraManager: camera.CameraManager;
private cameraInput: camera.CameraInput;
private previewOutput: camera.PreviewOutput;
private captureSession: camera.CaptureSession;
private imageReceiver: image.ImageReceiver;

private constructor() {
this.initCamera();
public static getInstance(): CameraService {

if (!CameraService.instance) {
  CameraService.instance = new CameraService();

return CameraService.instance;

private initCamera(): void {

try {
  const context = getContext() as common.Context;
  this.cameraManager = camera.getCameraManager(context);
  
  // 获取后置摄像头
  const cameras = this.cameraManager.getSupportedCameras();
  const backCamera = cameras.find(cam => cam.position === camera.CameraPosition.BACK);
  
  if (!backCamera) {
    throw new Error('未找到后置摄像头');

// 创建相机输入

  this.cameraInput = this.cameraManager.createCameraInput(backCamera);
  
  // 创建预览输出
  const display = getContext().display;
  const previewProfile = this.cameraManager.getSupportedOutputCapability(backCamera)
    .previewProfiles[0];
  
  this.previewOutput = this.cameraManager.createPreviewOutput(previewProfile);
  
  // 创建图像接收器
  this.imageReceiver = image.createImageReceiver(
    224, 224, 
    image.ImageFormat.RGB_888, 

);

  // 创建捕获会话
  this.captureSession = this.cameraManager.createCaptureSession();
  this.captureSession.beginConfig();
  this.captureSession.addInput(this.cameraInput);
  this.captureSession.addOutput(this.previewOutput);
  this.captureSession.commitConfig();
  this.captureSession.start();

catch (err) {

  console.error('初始化相机失败:', JSON.stringify(err));

}

public async captureFrame(): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
try {
const image = await this.imageReceiver.readNextImage();
const buffer = await image.getComponent(image.ComponentType.RGB);
image.release();

  return buffer.byteArray;

catch (err) {

  console.error('捕获帧失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  throw err;

}

public startPreview(surfaceId: string): void {
this.previewOutput.start(surfaceId);
public stopPreview(): void {

this.previewOutput.stop();

public release(): void {

this.captureSession.stop();
this.cameraInput.release();
this.previewOutput.release();
this.captureSession.release();

}

export const cameraService = CameraService.getInstance();

主界面实现

// MainScreen.ets
import { signLanguageService } from ‘./SignLanguageService’;
import { cameraService } from ‘./CameraService’;
import { SignLanguageResult } from ‘./SignLanguageTypes’;

@Component
export struct MainScreen {
@State hasPermission: boolean = false;
@State isRecognizing: boolean = false;
@State currentResult: SignLanguageResult | null = null;
@State previewSurfaceId: string = ‘’;
@State showHelp: boolean = false;

aboutToAppear() {
this.checkPermissions();
signLanguageService.addResultListener({
onSignLanguageResult: (result) => {
this.handleSignLanguageResult(result);
});

aboutToDisappear() {

signLanguageService.removeResultListener({
  onSignLanguageResult: (result) => {
    this.handleSignLanguageResult(result);

});

cameraService.release();

build() {

Column() {
  // 标题栏
  Row() {
    Text('手语识别翻译器')
      .fontSize(24)
      .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
      .layoutWeight(1)
    
    Button(this.hasPermission ? '帮助' : '授权')
      .width(80)
      .onClick(() => {
        if (this.hasPermission) {
          this.showHelp = !this.showHelp;

else {

          this.requestPermissions();

})

.padding(10)

  .width('100%')
  
  // 帮助信息
  if (this.showHelp) {
    Column() {
      Text('使用说明')
        .fontSize(18)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .margin({ bottom: 10 })
      
      Text('1. 将手部置于摄像头前\n2. 做出标准手语动作\n3. 系统自动识别并翻译\n4. 多设备间同步翻译结果')
        .fontSize(16)
        .textAlign(TextAlign.Start)

.padding(15)

    .width('90%')
    .backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
    .borderRadius(8)
    .margin({ bottom: 20 })

// 相机预览

  Stack() {
    if (this.hasPermission) {
      // 相机预览Surface
      Surface({
        id: this.previewSurfaceId,
        type: SurfaceType.SURFACE_TEXTURE,
        width: '100%',
        height: 300
      })
      .onAppear(() => {
        this.previewSurfaceId = preview_${Date.now()};
        cameraService.startPreview(this.previewSurfaceId);
      })
      .onDisappear(() => {
        cameraService.stopPreview();
      })
      
      // 识别按钮
      if (!this.isRecognizing) {
        Button('开始识别')
          .width(150)
          .height(60)
          .fontSize(20)
          .backgroundColor('#409EFF')
          .onClick(() => {
            this.startRecognition();
          })

else {

        Column() {
          Progress({})
            .width(50)
            .height(50)
          
          Text('识别中...')
            .fontSize(16)
            .margin({ top: 10 })

.width(‘100%’)

        .height('100%')
        .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

} else {

      Column() {
        Text('需要权限')
          .fontSize(18)
          .margin({ bottom: 10 })
        
        Text('请点击右上角"授权"按钮，允许应用访问相机和AI功能')
          .fontSize(16)
          .fontColor('#666666')

.padding(20)

      .width('90%')
      .backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
      .borderRadius(8)

}

  .width('100%')
  .height(300)
  .margin({ bottom: 20 })
  
  // 识别结果
  if (this.currentResult) {
    Column() {
      Text('识别结果')
        .fontSize(18)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .margin({ bottom: 10 })
      
      Row() {
        Text(this.currentResult.sign)
          .fontSize(24)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
          .fontColor('#409EFF')
          .margin({ right: 20 })
        
        Text('→')
          .fontSize(24)
          .margin({ right: 20 })
        
        Text(this.currentResult.text)
          .fontSize(24)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)

.margin({ bottom: 10 })

      Text(置信度: ${(this.currentResult.confidence * 100).toFixed(1)}%)
        .fontSize(14)
        .fontColor('#666666')

.padding(20)

    .width('90%')
    .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
    .border({ width: 1, color: '#E0E0E0' })
    .borderRadius(8)

}

.width('100%')
.height('100%')
.padding(20)

private async checkPermissions(): Promise<void> {

try {
  const permissions = [
    'ohos.permission.USE_AI',
    'ohos.permission.CAMERA',
    'ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC'
  ];
  
  const result = await abilityAccessCtrl.verifyPermissions(
    getContext(),
    permissions
  );
  
  this.hasPermission = result.every(perm => perm.granted);

catch (err) {

  console.error('检查权限失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  this.hasPermission = false;

}

private async requestPermissions(): Promise<void> {
this.hasPermission = await signLanguageService.requestPermissions();

if (!this.hasPermission) {
  prompt.showToast({ message: '授权失败，无法使用手语识别功能' });

}

private async startRecognition(): Promise<void> {
try {
this.isRecognizing = true;

  // 捕获当前帧
  const frame = await cameraService.captureFrame();
  
  // 识别手语
  const result = await signLanguageService.recognizeSign(frame);
  
  this.currentResult = result;

catch (err) {

  console.error('手语识别失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
  prompt.showToast({ message: '识别失败，请重试' });

finally {

  this.isRecognizing = false;

}

private handleSignLanguageResult(result: SignLanguageResult): void {
this.currentResult = result;
this.isRecognizing = false;
}

类型定义

// SignLanguageTypes.ets
export interface SignLanguageResult {
id: string;
sign: string; // 手语动作标识
text: string; // 翻译文本
confidence: number; // 置信度
timestamp: number;

三、项目配置与权限
权限配置

// module.json5
“module”: {

"requestPermissions": [

“name”: “ohos.permission.USE_AI”,

    "reason": "使用AI模型识别手语"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.CAMERA”,

    "reason": "捕捉手部动作"
  },

“name”: “ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC”,

    "reason": "同步识别结果"

],

"abilities": [

“name”: “MainAbility”,

    "type": "page",
    "visible": true
  },

“name”: “CameraAbility”,

    "type": "service",
    "backgroundModes": ["camera"]

]

}

四、总结与扩展

本手语识别翻译系统实现了以下核心功能：
实时手部动作捕捉：通过摄像头实时捕捉用户手部动作

高精度手语识别：利用预训练AI模型识别标准手语动作

实时翻译转换：将识别到的手语动作转换为文字

跨设备同步：多设备间实时同步识别结果

扩展方向：
更多手语支持：扩展识别更多复杂手语动作

反向翻译：将文字转换为手语动画演示

个性化学习：根据用户习惯优化识别模型

实时语音输出：将识别结果实时转换为语音

多语言支持：支持不同语言的手语识别与翻译

教育模式：手语学习与练习功能

通过HarmonyOS的AI能力和分布式技术，我们构建了一个实用的手语识别翻译工具，帮助听障人士与健听人士之间实现无障碍沟通，并在多设备间无缝同步翻译结果。