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分布式场景自动化测试框架设计与实现 原创
进修的泡芙
发布于 2025-6-17 21:22
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分布式场景自动化测试框架设计与实现
一、项目概述
基于HarmonyOS的分布式自动化测试框架，可模拟多设备协同场景并验证功能正确性。借鉴《鸿蒙跨端U同步》中的设备发现、状态同步和任务分发机制，实现跨设备测试场景的自动化执行与结果验证，确保分布式功能在不同设备组合下的可靠性。
二、架构设计
±--------------------+
测试编排引擎
(Test Orchestrator)
±---------±---------+
±---------v----------+ ±--------------------+
分布式任务调度 <—> 设备测试执行器
(Task Dispatcher) (Test Executor)
±---------±---------+ ±--------------------+
±---------v----------+
结果聚合与分析
(Result Analyzer)
±--------------------+
三、核心代码实现
测试编排引擎
// 测试编排服务
public class TestOrchestrator {
private static final String TAG = “TestOrchestrator”;
private DistributedTaskDispatcher dispatcher;
private TestResultCollector resultCollector;
public TestOrchestrator(Context context) {
this.dispatcher = DistributedTaskDispatcher.getInstance(context);
this.resultCollector = new TestResultCollector(context);
// 执行分布式测试场景
public void executeTestScenario(TestScenario scenario) {
// 1. 设备发现与筛选
List<DeviceInfo> matchedDevices = discoverDevices(scenario.getDeviceRequirements());
// 2. 任务分发
Map<String, TestTask> taskMap = createTaskMap(scenario, matchedDevices);
dispatcher.dispatchTasks(taskMap);
// 3. 结果收集与分析
resultCollector.collectResults(taskMap.keySet(), new TestResultListener() {
@Override
public void onAllResultsCollected(Map<String, TestResult> results) {
generateTestReport(scenario, matchedDevices, results);
});
// 设备发现与筛选
private List<DeviceInfo> discoverDevices(DeviceRequirements requirements) {
List<DeviceInfo> allDevices = DeviceManager.getInstance().getAvailableDevices();
List<DeviceInfo> matchedDevices = new ArrayList<>();
for (DeviceInfo device : allDevices) {
if (requirements.matches(device)) {
matchedDevices.add(device);
if (matchedDevices.size() >= requirements.getMaxDevices()) {
break;
}
return matchedDevices;
// 创建任务映射
private Map<String, TestTask> createTaskMap(TestScenario scenario,
List<DeviceInfo> devices) {
Map<String, TestTask> taskMap = new HashMap<>();
List<TestAction> actions = scenario.getActions();
for (int i = 0; i < devices.size(); i++) {
DeviceInfo device = devices.get(i);
TestTask task = new TestTask();
task.setDeviceId(device.getDeviceId());
// 分配设备角色和对应动作
String role = scenario.getRoles().get(i % scenario.getRoles().size());
task.setRole(role);
List<TestAction> roleActions = new ArrayList<>();
for (TestAction action : actions) {
if (action.getTargetRole().equals(role)) {
roleActions.add(action);
}
task.setActions(roleActions);
taskMap.put(device.getDeviceId(), task);
return taskMap;
// 生成测试报告
private void generateTestReport(TestScenario scenario,
List<DeviceInfo> devices, Map<String, TestResult> results) {
TestReport report = new TestReport(scenario, devices, results);
report.generateHtmlReport();
// 保存或显示报告
ReportViewer.showReport(report);
// 设备需求类
public static class DeviceRequirements {
private List<DeviceType> deviceTypes;
private int minDevices;
private int maxDevices;
public boolean matches(DeviceInfo device) {
return deviceTypes.contains(device.getDeviceType());
// Getters & Setters
public List<DeviceType> getDeviceTypes() { return deviceTypes; }
public int getMinDevices() { return minDevices; }
public int getMaxDevices() { return maxDevices; }
// 测试场景类
public static class TestScenario {
private String name;
private List<String> roles; // 设备角色列表
private List<TestAction> actions;
private DeviceRequirements deviceRequirements;
// Getters
public String getName() { return name; }
public List<String> getRoles() { return roles; }
public List<TestAction> getActions() { return actions; }
public DeviceRequirements getDeviceRequirements() { return deviceRequirements; }
// 测试动作类
public static class TestAction {
private String name;
private String targetRole;
private Map<String, Object> params;
// Getters
public String getName() { return name; }
public String getTargetRole() { return targetRole; }
public Map<String, Object> getParams() { return params; }
}
分布式任务调度服务
// 分布式任务调度服务
public class DistributedTaskDispatcher {
private static final String TASK_CHANNEL = “dist_test_task”;
private static final String RESULT_CHANNEL = “dist_test_result”;
private static DistributedTaskDispatcher instance;
private DistributedDataManager dataManager;
private DistributedTaskDispatcher(Context context) {
this.dataManager = DistributedDataManagerFactory.getInstance()
.createDistributedDataManager(context);
public static synchronized DistributedTaskDispatcher getInstance(Context context) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new DistributedTaskDispatcher(context);
return instance;
// 分发测试任务
public void dispatchTasks(Map<String, TestTask> taskMap) {
for (Map.Entry<String, TestTask> entry : taskMap.entrySet()) {
String deviceId = entry.getKey();
TestTask task = entry.getValue();
dataManager.putString(
TASK_CHANNEL + "_" + deviceId,
GsonUtils.toJson(task)
);
}
// 注册结果监听器
public void registerResultListener(String sessionId, TaskResultListener listener) {
dataManager.registerDataChangeListener(
RESULT_CHANNEL + "_" + sessionId,
new DataChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onDataChanged(String deviceId, String key, String value) {
TestResult result = GsonUtils.fromJson(value, TestResult.class);
listener.onTaskResult(deviceId, result);
}
);
// 测试任务类
public static class TestTask {
private String deviceId;
private String role;
private List<TestAction> actions;
// Getters & Setters
public String getDeviceId() { return deviceId; }
public void setDeviceId(String deviceId) { this.deviceId = deviceId; }
public String getRole() { return role; }
public void setRole(String role) { this.role = role; }
public List<TestAction> getActions() { return actions; }
public void setActions(List<TestAction> actions) { this.actions = actions; }
public interface TaskResultListener {
void onTaskResult(String deviceId, TestResult result);
}
测试执行器实现
// 测试执行Ability
public class TestExecutorAbility extends Ability {
private static final String TAG = “TestExecutor”;
private DistributedDataManager dataManager;
private TestTaskExecutor taskExecutor;
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent) {
super.onStart(intent);
dataManager = DistributedDataManagerFactory.getInstance()
.createDistributedDataManager(this);
taskExecutor = new TestTaskExecutor(this);
// 监听测试任务
dataManager.registerDataChangeListener(
TASK_CHANNEL + "_" + DeviceInfo.getLocalDeviceId(),
new DataChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onDataChanged(String deviceId, String key, String value) {
TestTask task = GsonUtils.fromJson(value, TestTask.class);
executeTestTask(task);
}
);
// 执行测试任务
private void executeTestTask(TestTask task) {
new Thread(() -> {
TestResult result = taskExecutor.execute(task);
// 上报测试结果
dataManager.putString(
RESULT_CHANNEL + "_" + task.getSessionId(),
GsonUtils.toJson(result)
);
}).start();
// 测试任务执行器
private class TestTaskExecutor {
private Context context;
public TestTaskExecutor(Context context) {
this.context = context;
public TestResult execute(TestTask task) {
TestResult result = new TestResult();
result.setDeviceId(task.getDeviceId());
result.setRole(task.getRole());
for (TestAction action : task.getActions()) {
ActionResult actionResult = executeAction(action);
result.addActionResult(actionResult);
return result;
private ActionResult executeAction(TestAction action) {
ActionResult result = new ActionResult();
result.setActionName(action.getName());
result.setStartTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
// 根据动作类型执行不同的测试逻辑
switch (action.getName()) {
case "verifyDeviceDiscovery":
result.setSuccess(testDeviceDiscovery());
break;
case "verifyDataSync":
result.setSuccess(testDataSync(action.getParams()));
break;
case "verifyCrossDeviceCall":
result.setSuccess(testCrossDeviceCall(action.getParams()));
break;
default:
result.setSuccess(false);
result.setErrorMessage("Unknown action: " + action.getName());
} catch (Exception e) {
result.setSuccess(false);
result.setErrorMessage(e.getMessage());
result.setEndTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
return result;
// 测试设备发现功能
private boolean testDeviceDiscovery() {
List<DeviceInfo> devices = DeviceManager.getInstance()
.getAvailableDevices();
return !devices.isEmpty();
// 测试数据同步功能
private boolean testDataSync(Map<String, Object> params) {
String testKey = "sync_test_" + System.currentTimeMillis();
String testValue = params.get("testValue").toString();
dataManager.putString(testKey, testValue);
String receivedValue = dataManager.getString(testKey);
return testValue.equals(receivedValue);
}
// 测试结果类
public static class TestResult {
private String deviceId;
private String role;
private List<ActionResult> actionResults = new ArrayList<>();
// Getters & Setters
public String getDeviceId() { return deviceId; }
public void setDeviceId(String deviceId) { this.deviceId = deviceId; }
public String getRole() { return role; }
public void setRole(String role) { this.role = role; }
public List<ActionResult> getActionResults() { return actionResults; }
public void addActionResult(ActionResult result) { actionResults.add(result); }
// 动作结果类
public static class ActionResult {
private String actionName;
private long startTime;
private long endTime;
private boolean success;
private String errorMessage;
// Getters & Setters
public String getActionName() { return actionName; }
public void setActionName(String actionName) { this.actionName = actionName; }
public long getStartTime() { return startTime; }
public void setStartTime(long startTime) { this.startTime = startTime; }
public long getEndTime() { return endTime; }
public void setEndTime(long endTime) { this.endTime = endTime; }
public boolean isSuccess() { return success; }
public void setSuccess(boolean success) { this.success = success; }
public String getErrorMessage() { return errorMessage; }
public void setErrorMessage(String errorMessage) { this.errorMessage = errorMessage; }
}
结果收集与分析
// 测试结果收集器
public class TestResultCollector {
private static final String TAG = “TestResultCollector”;
private DistributedTaskDispatcher taskDispatcher;
private Map<String, TestResult> collectedResults = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
public TestResultCollector(Context context) {
this.taskDispatcher = DistributedTaskDispatcher.getInstance(context);
// 收集测试结果
public void collectResults(Set<String> deviceIds, TestResultListener listener) {
String sessionId = "session_" + System.currentTimeMillis();
taskDispatcher.registerResultListener(sessionId, new DistributedTaskDispatcher.TaskResultListener() {
@Override
public void onTaskResult(String deviceId, TestResult result) {
collectedResults.put(deviceId, result);
if (collectedResults.size() == deviceIds.size()) {
listener.onAllResultsCollected(new HashMap<>(collectedResults));
collectedResults.clear();
}
});
// 测试报告生成器
public static class TestReportGenerator {
public static String generateHtmlReport(TestScenario scenario,
List<DeviceInfo> devices, Map<String, TestResult> results) {
StringBuilder html = new StringBuilder();
html.append("<html><head><style>")
.append("body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 20px; }")
.append("h1 { color: #333; }")
.append("table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px; }")
.append("th, td { border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left; }")
.append("th { background-color: #f2f2f2; }")
.append(".pass { background-color: #dff0d8; }")
.append(".fail { background-color: #f2dede; }")
.append("</style></head><body>")
.append("<h1>分布式测试报告</h1>")
.append("<h2>测试场景: ").append(scenario.getName()).append("</h2>");
// 设备信息汇总
html.append("<h3>测试设备</h3><table>")
.append("<tr><th>设备ID</th><th>设备名称</th><th>设备类型</th><th>角色</th></tr>");
for (DeviceInfo device : devices) {
TestResult result = results.get(device.getDeviceId());
html.append("<tr>")
.append("<td>").append(device.getDeviceId()).append("</td>")
.append("<td>").append(device.getDeviceName()).append("</td>")
.append("<td>").append(device.getDeviceType()).append("</td>")
.append("<td>").append(result.getRole()).append("</td>")
.append("</tr>");
html.append(“</table>”);
// 测试结果详情
html.append("<h3>测试结果详情</h3><table>")
.append("<tr><th>设备/动作</th>");
// 动态生成动作表头
Set<String> allActions = new HashSet<>();
for (TestResult result : results.values()) {
for (ActionResult actionResult : result.getActionResults()) {
allActions.add(actionResult.getActionName());
}
for (String action : allActions) {
html.append("<th>").append(action).append("</th>");
html.append(“</tr>”);
// 填充测试结果
for (DeviceInfo device : devices) {
TestResult result = results.get(device.getDeviceId());
if (result == null) continue;
html.append("<tr>")
.append("<td>").append(device.getDeviceName()).append("</td>");
for (String action : allActions) {
boolean found = false;
for (ActionResult actionResult : result.getActionResults()) {
if (action.equals(actionResult.getActionName())) {
html.append("<td class=\"")
.append(actionResult.isSuccess() ? "pass" : "fail")
.append("\">")
.append(actionResult.isSuccess() ? "✓" : "✗")
.append("</td>");
found = true;
break;
}
if (!found) {
html.append("<td>-</td>");
}
html.append("</tr>");
html.append(“</table></body></html>”);
return html.toString();
}
public interface TestResultListener {
void onAllResultsCollected(Map<String, TestResult> results);
}
四、XML布局示例
<!-- 测试控制台布局 test_console_layout.xml -->
<DirectionalLayout
xmlns:ohos=“http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos”
ohos:width=“match_parent”
ohos:height=“match_parent”
ohos:orientation=“vertical”
ohos:padding=“24vp”>
<Text
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="wrap_content"
ohos:text="分布式测试控制台"
ohos:text_size="32fp"
ohos:margin_bottom="24vp"/>
<ScrollView
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="0vp"
ohos:weight="1">
<ListContainer
ohos:id="$+id/scenario_list"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_content"/>
</ScrollView>
<Button
ohos:id="$+id/execute_btn"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="60vp"
ohos:text="执行测试"
ohos:margin_top="16vp"/>
</DirectionalLayout>
<!-- 测试报告布局 test_report_layout.xml -->
<DirectionalLayout
xmlns:ohos=“http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos”
ohos:width=“match_parent”
ohos:height=“match_parent”
ohos:orientation=“vertical”>
<WebView
ohos:id="$+id/report_webview"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_parent"/>
<Button
ohos:id="$+id/export_btn"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="60vp"
ohos:text="导出报告"
ohos:margin="16vp"/>
</DirectionalLayout>
五、技术创新点
多设备场景编排：灵活定义设备角色和交互场景
自动化任务分发：根据设备能力自动分配测试任务
智能结果分析：自动聚合多设备测试结果并生成可视化报告
分布式同步机制：借鉴游戏同步技术确保测试步骤一致性
可扩展架构：支持快速添加新的测试场景和验证逻辑
六、总结
本分布式场景自动化测试框架实现了以下核心价值：
全面覆盖：验证分布式功能在各种设备组合下的表现
效率提升：自动化执行复杂的多设备交互场景
问题发现：快速定位分布式场景中的兼容性问题
质量保障：确保跨设备协同功能的可靠性
标准规范：建立统一的分布式功能测试方法
系统借鉴了《鸿蒙跨端U同步》中的设备协同机制，将游戏场景的同步技术应用于自动化测试领域。未来可结合AI技术实现智能场景生成和异常预测，并与CI/CD流程深度集成实现持续验证。
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