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鸿蒙多设备协同测试方案设计与实现 原创
进修的泡芙
发布于 2025-6-17 21:26
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鸿蒙多设备协同测试方案设计与实现
一、系统架构设计
基于HarmonyOS分布式能力，我们设计了一套多设备协同测试系统，用于验证跨设备游戏场景中玩家数据同步的正确性。
!https://example.com/multi-device-test-arch.png
系统包含三大核心模块：
设备管理模块 - 负责设备发现与连接
数据同步模块 - 处理玩家数据跨设备同步
测试验证模块 - 验证数据一致性
二、核心代码实现
设备协同管理服务（Java）
// DeviceCollaborationService.java
public class DeviceCollaborationService extends Ability {
private static final String TAG = “DeviceCollaboration”;
private static final String GAME_CHANNEL = “game_channel”;
private DistributedDataManager dataManager;
private Map<String, PlayerInfo> players = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent) {
super.onStart(intent);
initComponents();
setupGameChannel();
private void initComponents() {
dataManager = DistributedDataManager.getInstance();
private void setupGameChannel() {
dataManager.createDistributedChannel(GAME_CHANNEL, new DistributedChannel.StateCallback() {
@Override
public void onConnected(String deviceId) {
HiLog.info(TAG, "设备连接: " + deviceId);
requestPlayerInfo(deviceId);
@Override
public void onDisconnected(String deviceId) {
HiLog.info(TAG, "设备断开: " + deviceId);
players.remove(deviceId);
@Override
public void onMessageReceived(String deviceId, byte[] message) {
handleGameMessage(deviceId, message);
});
private void requestPlayerInfo(String deviceId) {
// 请求新设备发送玩家信息
dataManager.sendMessage(GAME_CHANNEL, deviceId,
new PlayerRequest().toBytes());
private void handleGameMessage(String deviceId, byte[] message) {
try {
GameMessage gameMessage = GameMessage.fromBytes(message);
if (gameMessage instanceof PlayerInfo) {
// 处理玩家信息同步
PlayerInfo playerInfo = (PlayerInfo) gameMessage;
players.put(deviceId, playerInfo);
HiLog.info(TAG, "更新玩家信息: " + playerInfo.playerName);
else if (gameMessage instanceof PlayerUpdate) {
// 处理玩家更新
PlayerUpdate update = (PlayerUpdate) gameMessage;
if (players.containsKey(deviceId)) {
players.get(deviceId).updateFrom(update);
}
catch (Exception e) {
HiLog.error(TAG, "消息处理失败: " + e.getMessage());
}
// 获取当前所有玩家信息
public Map<String, PlayerInfo> getAllPlayers() {
return new HashMap<>(players);
// 发送玩家信息更新
public void updatePlayerInfo(PlayerUpdate update) {
dataManager.sendMessage(GAME_CHANNEL, update.toBytes());
// 游戏消息基类
public abstract static class GameMessage {
public abstract byte[] toBytes();
public static GameMessage fromBytes(byte[] bytes) {
// 实际项目中应根据消息类型反序列化
return new PlayerInfo(); // 简化为返回PlayerInfo
}
// 玩家信息请求
public static class PlayerRequest extends GameMessage {
@Override
public byte[] toBytes() {
return "REQUEST_PLAYER_INFO".getBytes();
}
// 玩家信息
public static class PlayerInfo extends GameMessage {
public String playerName;
public String avatarUrl;
public int score;
public void updateFrom(PlayerUpdate update) {
if (update.playerName != null) {
this.playerName = update.playerName;
if (update.avatarUrl != null) {
this.avatarUrl = update.avatarUrl;
this.score = update.score;
@Override
public byte[] toBytes() {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
try {
json.put("type", "PLAYER_INFO");
json.put("name", playerName);
json.put("avatar", avatarUrl);
json.put("score", score);
return json.toString().getBytes();
catch (JSONException e) {
return new byte[0];
}
// 玩家更新
public static class PlayerUpdate extends GameMessage {
public String playerName;
public String avatarUrl;
public int score;
@Override
public byte[] toBytes() {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
try {
json.put("type", "PLAYER_UPDATE");
if (playerName != null) json.put("name", playerName);
if (avatarUrl != null) json.put("avatar", avatarUrl);
json.put("score", score);
return json.toString().getBytes();
catch (JSONException e) {
return new byte[0];
}
}
多设备测试界面（ArkTS）
// MultiDeviceTestUI.ets
import collaboration from ‘…/services/DeviceCollaborationService’;
@Entry
@Component
struct MultiDeviceTestUI {
@State players: PlayerInfo[] = [];
@State testCases: TestCase[] = [];
@State testResults: TestResult[] = [];
@State isTesting: boolean = false;
aboutToAppear() {
this.loadTestCases();
this.setupPlayerListener();
private loadTestCases() {
this.testCases = [
id: 1, name: ‘玩家加入测试’, type: ‘player_join’ },
id: 2, name: ‘昵称同步测试’, type: ‘name_sync’ },
id: 3, name: ‘头像同步测试’, type: ‘avatar_sync’ },
id: 4, name: ‘分数同步测试’, type: ‘score_sync’ }
];
private setupPlayerListener() {
collaboration.on('players_updated', (players) => {
this.players = Array.from(players.values());
});
build() {
Column() {
// 玩家列表
this.buildPlayerList()
// 测试用例
this.buildTestCases()
// 测试结果
if (this.testResults.length > 0) {
this.buildTestResults()
}
@Builder
private buildPlayerList() {
Column() {
Text(‘当前玩家 (’ + this.players.length + ‘)’)
.fontSize(18)
.margin(10)
if (this.players.length > 0) {
List() {
ForEach(this.players, (player) => {
ListItem() {
PlayerItem({ player })
})
.height(200)
else {
Text('等待玩家加入...')
.margin(20)
}
@Builder
private buildTestCases() {
Column() {
Text(‘协同测试用例’)
.fontSize(18)
.margin(10)
Grid() {
ForEach(this.testCases, (testCase) => {
GridItem() {
TestCaseCard({
testCase,
onRun: () => this.runTestCase(testCase)
})
})
.columnsTemplate(‘1fr 1fr’)
.columnsGap(10)
.rowsGap(10)
}
@Builder
private buildTestResults() {
Column() {
Text(‘测试结果’)
.fontSize(18)
.margin(10)
List() {
ForEach(this.testResults, (result) => {
ListItem() {
TestResultItem({ result })
})
.height(200)
}
private runTestCase(testCase: TestCase) {
this.isTesting = true;
switch(testCase.type) {
case 'player_join':
this.testPlayerJoin();
break;
case 'name_sync':
this.testNameSync();
break;
case 'avatar_sync':
this.testAvatarSync();
break;
case 'score_sync':
this.testScoreSync();
break;
}
private testPlayerJoin() {
// 模拟新玩家加入
const mockPlayer = {
deviceId: ‘mock_device_’ + Date.now(),
playerName: ‘测试玩家’,
avatarUrl: ‘mock_avatar.png’,
score: 0
};
collaboration.simulatePlayerJoin(mockPlayer);
setTimeout(() => {
const passed = this.players.some(p =>
p.playerName === mockPlayer.playerName);
this.testResults = [...this.testResults, {
id: 1,
name: '玩家加入测试',
passed,
message: passed ? '玩家加入同步成功' : '玩家加入同步失败'
}];
this.isTesting = false;
}, 1000);
private testNameSync() {
const newName = '新昵称_' + Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 6);
collaboration.updatePlayerName(newName);
setTimeout(() => {
const localPlayer = this.players.find(p => p.isLocal);
const passed = localPlayer && localPlayer.playerName === newName;
this.testResults = [...this.testResults, {
id: 2,
name: '昵称同步测试',
passed,
message: passed ? '昵称同步成功' : '昵称同步失败'
}];
this.isTesting = false;
}, 1500);
private testAvatarSync() {
const newAvatar = 'avatar_' + Date.now() + '.png';
collaboration.updatePlayerAvatar(newAvatar);
setTimeout(() => {
const localPlayer = this.players.find(p => p.isLocal);
const passed = localPlayer && localPlayer.avatarUrl === newAvatar;
this.testResults = [...this.testResults, {
id: 3,
name: '头像同步测试',
passed,
message: passed ? '头像同步成功' : '头像同步失败'
}];
this.isTesting = false;
}, 1500);
private testScoreSync() {
const scoreChange = 100;
const originalScore = this.players.find(p => p.isLocal)?.score || 0;
collaboration.updatePlayerScore(scoreChange);
setTimeout(() => {
const localPlayer = this.players.find(p => p.isLocal);
const passed = localPlayer &&
localPlayer.score === originalScore + scoreChange;
this.testResults = [...this.testResults, {
id: 4,
name: '分数同步测试',
passed,
message: passed ? '分数同步成功' : '分数同步失败'
}];
this.isTesting = false;
}, 1500);
}
@Component
struct PlayerItem {
@Prop player: PlayerInfo
build() {
Row() {
Image(this.player.avatarUrl)
.width(40)
.height(40)
.borderRadius(20)
.margin({ right: 10 })
Column() {
Text(this.player.playerName)
.fontSize(16)
Text('分数: ' + this.player.score)
.fontSize(12)
.fontColor('#409EFF')
}
.padding(10)
}
@Component
struct TestCaseCard {
@Prop testCase: TestCase
@Prop onRun: () => void
build() {
Column() {
Text(this.testCase.name)
.fontSize(16)
Button('运行')
.onClick(() => this.onRun())
.width(80)
.margin({ top: 10 })
.padding(10)
.borderRadius(8)
.backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
}
@Component
struct TestResultItem {
@Prop result: TestResult
build() {
Row() {
Text(this.result.name)
.fontSize(16)
.layoutWeight(1)
Text(this.result.passed ? '✓' : '✗')
.fontSize(20)
.fontColor(this.result.passed ? '#67C23A' : '#F56C6C')
.padding(10)
}
interface PlayerInfo {
deviceId: string;
playerName: string;
avatarUrl: string;
score: number;
isLocal?: boolean;
interface TestCase {
id: number;
name: string;
type: string;
interface TestResult {
id: number;
name: string;
passed: boolean;
message: string;
自动化测试脚本（ArkTS）
// AutoTestRunner.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct AutoTestRunner {
@State progress: number = 0;
@State testResults: AutoTestResult[] = [];
@State isRunning: boolean = false;
build() {
Column() {
if (this.isRunning) {
Progress({
value: this.progress,
total: 100,
type: ProgressType.Ring
})
.width(100)
.height(100)
Button(this.isRunning ? ‘测试运行中…’ : ‘开始自动化测试’)
.onClick(() => this.runAllTests())
.disabled(this.isRunning)
.width('80%')
.margin(10)
if (this.testResults.length > 0) {
this.buildTestReport()
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%')
.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
@Builder
private buildTestReport() {
Column() {
Text(‘自动化测试报告’)
.fontSize(20)
.margin({ bottom: 20 })
Grid() {
ForEach(this.testResults, (result) => {
GridItem() {
AutoTestResultItem({ result })
})
.columnsTemplate(‘1fr 1fr’)
.columnsGap(10)
.rowsGap(10)
.padding(10)
private async runAllTests() {
this.isRunning = true;
this.progress = 0;
this.testResults = [];
const testCases = [
id: 1, name: ‘设备连接测试’, runner: this.testDeviceConnection },
id: 2, name: ‘玩家数据同步’, runner: this.testPlayerDataSync },
id: 3, name: ‘实时状态同步’, runner: this.testRealtimeSync },
id: 4, name: ‘断线重连测试’, runner: this.testReconnection }
];
for (let i = 0; i < testCases.length; i++) {
const testCase = testCases[i];
const result = await testCase.runner.call(this);
this.testResults = [...this.testResults, {
id: testCase.id,
name: testCase.name,
...result
}];
this.progress = ((i + 1) / testCases.length) * 100;
this.isRunning = false;
private async testDeviceConnection(): Promise<TestResult> {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
collaboration.connectTest((success) => {
resolve({
passed: success,
message: success ? '设备连接成功' : '设备连接失败'
});
});
});
private async testPlayerDataSync(): Promise<TestResult> {
const testName = '测试玩家_' + Date.now();
collaboration.updatePlayerName(testName);
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
const players = collaboration.getAllPlayers();
const passed = Array.from(players.values()).every(p =>
p.playerName === testName);
resolve({
passed,
message: passed ? '玩家数据同步成功' : '玩家数据同步失败'
});
}, 2000);
});
private async testRealtimeSync(): Promise<TestResult> {
let passed = true;
const testCount = 5;
for (let i = 1; i <= testCount; i++) {
const newScore = i * 100;
collaboration.updatePlayerScore(newScore);
const result = await new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
const players = collaboration.getAllPlayers();
const syncPassed = Array.from(players.values()).every(p =>
p.score === newScore);
resolve(syncPassed);
}, 500);
});
if (!result) {
passed = false;
break;
}
return {
passed,
message: passed ? '实时状态同步成功' : '实时状态同步失败'
};
private async testReconnection(): Promise<TestResult> {
collaboration.simulateDisconnect();
const firstCheck = await new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
const players = collaboration.getAllPlayers();
resolve(players.size === 0);
}, 1000);
});
collaboration.simulateReconnect();
const secondCheck = await new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
const players = collaboration.getAllPlayers();
resolve(players.size > 0);
}, 2000);
});
return {
passed: firstCheck && secondCheck,
message: firstCheck && secondCheck ?
'断线重连成功' : '断线重连失败'
};
}
@Component
struct AutoTestResultItem {
@Prop result: AutoTestResult
build() {
Column() {
Text(this.result.name)
.fontSize(16)
Text(this.result.passed ? '通过' : '失败')
.fontColor(this.result.passed ? '#67C23A' : '#F56C6C')
.margin({ top: 5 })
Text(this.result.message)
.fontSize(12)
.fontColor('#666666')
.margin({ top: 5 })
.padding(10)
.borderRadius(8)
.backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
}
interface AutoTestResult {
id: number;
name: string;
passed: boolean;
message: string;
interface TestResult {
passed: boolean;
message: string;
三、关键技术实现
分布式数据同步流程
sequenceDiagram
participant 设备A
participant 设备B
participant 设备C
设备A->>设备B: 玩家加入请求
设备B->>设备A: 确认响应
设备A->>设备B: 发送玩家数据(昵称/头像)
设备B->>设备C: 转发玩家数据
设备C->>设备B: 确认接收
设备B->>设备A: 同步完成确认
测试用例设计矩阵
测试类型 测试方法 验证点
设备连接 模拟多设备加入 设备列表同步
数据同步 修改玩家昵称 所有设备显示一致
实时状态 连续更新分数 即时同步验证
异常恢复 模拟断线重连 数据一致性恢复
性能优化策略
// 数据同步优化策略
public class SyncOptimizer {
private static final int BATCH_SIZE = 10;
private static final long DEBOUNCE_TIME = 300; // ms
private Map<String, PlayerUpdate> pendingUpdates = new HashMap<>();
private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;
public SyncOptimizer() {
scheduler = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
// 批量更新处理
public void queueUpdate(String playerId, PlayerUpdate update) {
pendingUpdates.put(playerId, mergeUpdates(playerId, update));
scheduler.schedule(() -> {
if (!pendingUpdates.isEmpty()) {
sendBatchUpdate();
}, DEBOUNCE_TIME, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
private PlayerUpdate mergeUpdates(String playerId, PlayerUpdate newUpdate) {
PlayerUpdate existing = pendingUpdates.get(playerId);
if (existing == null) {
return newUpdate;
// 合并更新
PlayerUpdate merged = new PlayerUpdate();
merged.playerName = newUpdate.playerName != null ?
newUpdate.playerName : existing.playerName;
merged.avatarUrl = newUpdate.avatarUrl != null ?
newUpdate.avatarUrl : existing.avatarUrl;
merged.score = newUpdate.score;
return merged;
private void sendBatchUpdate() {
List<PlayerUpdate> updates = new ArrayList<>(pendingUpdates.values());
// 分批发送
for (int i = 0; i < updates.size(); i += BATCH_SIZE) {
List<PlayerUpdate> batch = updates.subList(i,
Math.min(i + BATCH_SIZE, updates.size()));
sendUpdates(batch);
pendingUpdates.clear();
}
四、测试方案
基础功能测试用例（Java）
public class BasicFunctionTest {
private DeviceCollaborationService collaborationService;
@Before
public void setup() {
collaborationService = new DeviceCollaborationService();
@Test
public void testPlayerJoinSync() {
// 模拟玩家加入
String testName = "TestPlayer_" + System.currentTimeMillis();
collaborationService.simulatePlayerJoin(testName);
// 验证同步
Map<String, PlayerInfo> players = collaborationService.getAllPlayers();
assertTrue(players.values().stream()
.allMatch(p -> p.playerName.equals(testName)));
@Test
public void testScoreUpdateSync() {
// 初始分数
int initialScore = 100;
collaborationService.updatePlayerScore(initialScore);
// 更新分数
int scoreIncrement = 50;
collaborationService.updatePlayerScore(scoreIncrement);
// 验证同步
Map<String, PlayerInfo> players = collaborationService.getAllPlayers();
assertTrue(players.values().stream()
.allMatch(p -> p.score == initialScore + scoreIncrement));
}
自动化集成测试（ArkTS）
// IntegrationTest.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct IntegrationTest {
@State testResults: IntegrationTestResult[] = [];
build() {
Column() {
Button(‘运行集成测试’)
.onClick(() => this.runIntegrationTest())
.width(‘80%’)
.margin(10)
if (this.testResults.length > 0) {
this.buildTestReport()
}
@Builder
private buildTestReport() {
Column() {
Text(‘集成测试报告’)
.fontSize(18)
.margin(10)
List() {
ForEach(this.testResults, (result) => {
ListItem() {
IntegrationTestResultItem({ result })
})
.height(300)
}
private async runIntegrationTest() {
const testCases = [
name: ‘多设备玩家同步’, test: this.testMultiDeviceSync },
name: ‘实时数据一致性’, test: this.testDataConsistency },
name: ‘异常恢复能力’, test: this.testErrorRecovery }
];
this.testResults = [];
for (const testCase of testCases) {
const result = await testCase.test.call(this);
this.testResults = [...this.testResults, {
name: testCase.name,
...result
}];
}
private async testMultiDeviceSync(): Promise<TestResult> {
// 模拟3个设备加入
collaboration.simulateDevicesJoin(3);
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
const players = collaboration.getAllPlayers();
const passed = players.size === 3;
resolve({
passed,
message: passed ? '多设备同步成功' : '多设备同步失败'
});
}, 3000);
});
private async testDataConsistency(): Promise<TestResult> {
const testAvatar = 'avatar_' + Date.now() + '.png';
collaboration.updatePlayerAvatar(testAvatar);
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
const players = collaboration.getAllPlayers();
const passed = Array.from(players.values()).every(p =>
p.avatarUrl === testAvatar);
resolve({
passed,
message: passed ? '数据一致性验证通过' : '数据不一致'
});
}, 2000);
});
private async testErrorRecovery(): Promise<TestResult> {
// 模拟网络中断
collaboration.simulateNetworkFailure();
const firstCheck = await new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(collaboration.isAllDevicesDisconnected());
}, 1000);
});
// 恢复网络
collaboration.simulateNetworkRecovery();
const secondCheck = await new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(collaboration.isAllDevicesReconnected());
}, 2000);
});
return {
passed: firstCheck && secondCheck,
message: firstCheck && secondCheck ?
'异常恢复成功' : '异常恢复失败'
};
}
@Component
struct IntegrationTestResultItem {
@Prop result: IntegrationTestResult
build() {
Row() {
Text(this.result.name)
.fontSize(16)
.layoutWeight(1)
Text(this.result.passed ? '✓' : '✗')
.fontSize(20)
.fontColor(this.result.passed ? '#67C23A' : '#F56C6C')
Text(this.result.message)
.fontSize(12)
.fontColor('#666666')
.margin({ left: 10 })
.padding(10)
}
interface IntegrationTestResult {
name: string;
passed: boolean;
message: string;
interface TestResult {
passed: boolean;
message: string;
五、总结与展望
本方案实现了以下核心功能：
多设备自动发现：快速建立设备间连接
实时数据同步：确保玩家状态跨设备一致
全面测试覆盖：验证各种边界条件和异常场景
自动化验证：减少人工测试工作量
未来优化方向：
增加AI驱动的异常检测
支持更大规模设备集群
集成性能监控与分析
增强安全验证机制
通过本方案，可以确保鸿蒙分布式游戏场景中多设备协同的稳定性和数据一致性，为玩家提供无缝的跨设备游戏体验。
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